26 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



no proof of the disease, but an indication 

 that something is wrong. If foul brood is 

 present, you will be almost certain to find 

 some capped cells that do not hatch with the 

 rest. The cappings will be flat and likely to 

 have a small perforation in each. If, upon 

 opening the cell, the contents are "stringy," 

 it is anotlier "indication," and any bee- 

 keeper who has had the disease to fight, 

 will, upon seeing this symptom, be very 

 likely to take off his coat and examine every 

 brood comb in the apiary. 



If but few diseased cells are found, they 

 may be cut out, and further evidences wait- 

 ed for ; but don't stick a knife into a dis- 

 eased cell and then use the same blade to 

 trim a comb in a healthy colony. Any tool 

 so used must be thoroughly disinfected with 

 boiling water, or its equivalent in some other 

 way, before it is again used ; otherwise it 

 may infect a healthy colony. 



Foul brood may disappear during a good 

 flow of honey, only to reappear when the 

 honey is reached that was stored while the 

 disease was in progress. Should it reappear, 

 the treatment advised in your opening ar- 

 ticle would be the proper one. 



The disease may be kept in check, but sel- 

 dom cured, with disinfectants. Keep it in 

 check, in this maimer, until swarming- time, 

 then put the bees in a clean hive with start- 

 ers of foundation only. 



In my experience I have never succeeded 

 in raising a queen from an infected colony. 

 On the principle of avoiding unnecessary 

 risks, I would not knowingly buy or sell a 

 queen raised in an apiary infected with foul 

 brood ; still, if no infected honey were sent 

 with her, I cannot see how any danger could 

 come from using her. 



East Saginaw, Mich. 



Jan. 21, 1890. 



The * Bee-Keepers' 4- Review, 



PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 



¥. Z. HUTOHINSON, Editor & Proprietor. 



TERMS:— so cents a year in advance, two 

 copies for 95 ceuts; three for $1.35; five for $2.00; 

 ten or more, 35 cents each; all to be sent to one 

 POST OFFICE. In clubs to different post offices, 

 NOT LESS than 45 cents each. 



FLINT, MICHIGAN, FEBRUARY 10, 1890. 



THE BEABING AND SHIPPING OF QUEENS TO BE 

 THE NEXT SPECIAL TOPIC. 



This is a large subject to be handled in one 

 issue of the Review ; but, if our correspon- 

 dents will be as brief and concise as we are 

 going to be in this leader, it can be done. 

 We wish queen breeders to tell us how they 

 rear (lueens for the market. Begin with the 

 first step in the spring and go over the whole 



ground as briefly as possible. Tell how the 

 cells are secured — how they are hatched — if 

 a lamp nursery is used ; if so how it is man- 

 aged — if some other method is employed 

 describe that — how nuclei are started, the 

 bees, combs and brood secured, and the bees 

 made to stay — how the young queens are 

 introduced — what kind of shipping cages are 

 used — what kind of candy is used to provis- 

 ion cages — how queens are induced to begin 

 laying during a dearth of honey, etc., etc., 

 etc., — in short, go on and describe the meth- 

 ods used, giving such information as would 

 have been gladly received when beginning in 

 the business, but has since been learned by 

 experience. Go into detail as much as is 

 necessary, and we will try and iirint all the 

 valuable articles received, even if it becomes 

 necessary to add extra pages. 



BEE ESCAPES'. 



When bee escapes were first discussed, they 

 seemed to us like "too much machinery." 

 If the bees would only store the honey, it 

 seemed as though getting it away from them 

 would be little trouble. It must be admitted, 

 however, that getting the bees off the combs, 

 in raising either comb or extracted honey, is 

 no small i)art of the labor. If we can go 

 through the apiary and slip a honey board or 

 hive cover fitted with a bee escape beneath 

 the sections or extracting supers that are 

 ready to come oft', and next day find them 

 free from bees — all the smoking, puffing, 

 blowing, shaking and robbers left out — it is 

 no small advantage. Nearly all bee escapes 

 work upon the same principle, tliat of the 

 cone; but they have been much simplified 

 since their introduction. We received one a 

 few days ago from Mr. E. C!. Porter, of Ijbw- 

 istown. 111., that pleases us as well as any we 

 have seen. It is made of perforated tin 

 instead of wire cloth, and is only ''m of an 

 inch in height, hence can be used under a 

 honey board. It would be necessary to first 

 cover the honey board with a piece of oil 

 cloth, cutting a ''s hole through the cloth and 

 honey board to allow the bees to enter the 

 escape. This esc;ipe could also be fittLtl info 

 a honey board or a cover. It strikes us that 

 the place to use bee escapes is in the cover. 

 Have some extra covers fitted with bee es- 

 capes, then it will not be necessary to disturb 

 the honey board nor the lower tiers of unfin- 

 ished sections : simply raise that part of the 



