THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



49 



necessary that every correspondent should 

 touch upon every poiut brought up, but let 

 each write upon those points upon which he 

 can shed the most light. And let all who 

 write give us their best thoughts and honest 

 convictions, regardless of whether they agree 

 with the views we have expressed. 



EXXRMOTED. 



ADVERTISING BATES 



are fifteen cents per lice, (Nonpareil space) 

 each insertion, with discount-i -ts follows: 



On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent. ; 6 

 times, 15 per cent.; 9 times, 25 per cent.; 12 times, 

 35 per cent. 



On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent.;6 

 times, 20 per cent.; 9 times, 30 per cent.; 12 times, 

 40 per cent. 



On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent.; 6 

 times, 30 per cent.; 9 times, 40 per cent.; 12 times 

 50 per cent. 



ChaflF Versus Dead (?) Air. 



I VERY little while somebody asks why 

 a hive with double walls not tilled with 

 chaff is not equally as good as one 

 with the walls chaff packed. Bro. Hill asks 

 the question in the last number of the Guide. 

 On page 521 of Ciieshire's Bees and Bee 

 Keeping, Vol. II, may lie found the follow- 

 ing explanation : — 



" Some years since, I made experiments 

 on hive walls. I took a number of tin 

 chambers, each holding twelve ounces of 

 water. After tilling with water at 200", they 

 were placed in boxes, representing different 

 descriptions of hive sides, all of which had 

 been before carefully brought to a uniform 

 temperature, and then the time occupied by 

 each in falling through a certain number of 

 degrees was noted. For this, very delicate 

 thermometers were used, and the calcula- 

 tions based on Newton's Law of Cooling. 

 The following results were made clear : If a 

 hive side of '^k inch pine have its protective 

 power represented by one, that of a double 

 side with one inch dead (V) air space would 

 equal four, while the same jvoodeu sides 

 packed tightly with chaff would equal ten. 

 It has been argued that air is a better non- 

 conductor than any solid substance, and, 

 therefore, is better than any form of pack- 

 ing ; but the fallacy lies in this, that the so- 

 called dead air is not dead but circulating. 

 It rises against the inner skin of the hive, 

 and falls where it touches the outer, and so 

 is ever acting as a distributor of heat. In 

 the same way, a man in bed might argue 

 that the air is a better non-conductor than 

 the bed clothes, in which he would be per- 

 fectly correct ; but if he were to add, ' I 

 shall, therefore, be warmer without them,' 

 universal experience would contradict his 

 conclusion. The bed clothes are useful be- 

 cause they prevent the circulation of air, 

 and that next the body, being warmed, is 

 imprisoned instead of passing away for cold 

 to take its place. Further experiments 

 proved that cork-dust (a waste product used 

 for packing Spanish grapes, as sent to this 

 country ) , in lieu of the chaff packing, gave a 

 non-conductivity to be represented by four- 

 teen. The cork has many advantages ; it is 

 perfectly effective even with poor carpentry; 

 it is not liable to mildew, and if it becomes 

 damp, it does not droop down between the 

 wooden skins, as chaff would do." 



HE WHO TOOTETH NOT HIS OWM HORN, HIS HORN 

 SHALL NE'ER HEAR TOOTED. 



SOMETHING NEW, 



Our 1890, 16-paKe Circular of Ree-Keepers' Sup- 

 plies, etc. Bees and Queens very low. Address 

 JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill Mo. 3-90-tf 



Please mention the Reuieut. 



Jl JdX^LiKJ W Xl<*3 X J to use when 

 speaking of the bees reared by L. L. Hearn, 

 Frenchville. T> f^ Tt "B^ ¥^ <C "T*" i^ the 

 W. Virginia; XV i^ A/ JL/-C'»3 -■- if term to 

 use when describinu' the drones; and the men who 

 "got left" at the last Midi, statfi fair, because the 

 "other fellow " had /^"D'CCMXT^'T^ 

 these bees, felt the VDXV^'-'A^ HiS A ■ 



Tested queen, $2 00 



Selected, tested queen, 3.00 



Untested queen, in May, : 1.25 



Untested queen in .June, and after, 1.00 



Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. 

 S.9()-tf Please mention the Review. 



Every 



Bee-keeper 



SHOULD TRY 



The Success Hive 



Trxie 



To Its 

 NAME. 



Safe winterer, easy in manipulation, durable, 

 cheap, and, for large yields of honey, is imsur- 



passed. 



Sections, Section Cases, Couili FounMon, 



and all apiarian supplies, at greatly reduced 

 prices. Send for new circular8,free. 

 L. H. & W. J. VALENTINE, 



(Successors to S VALENTINE & SONS^ 



4-89-tf 



Hagerstown, Wash. Co., Md. 



EAt^LiY QUEE^IS. 



I will be prepared to ship pure Italian queens, 

 bred from my non-swarming strain, by April 10. 

 Price $1.U0. 



These bees are gentle, prolific and fine honey 

 gatherers. 



Satisfaction and safe arrival guaranteed. If a 

 queen shoiUd, by accident, prove wortliless, I 

 will gladly replace her. 



5?. B. WIIalilAlVrS, 

 3-90-tf Box 72, ' Winchester, Tenn. 



Please mention the Reuietv. 



The Revised Langstroth, and Dadants' 



Foundation. See Advertisement In Another Column, 



