126 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



producer troubling himself but slightly with 

 the home market, the bulk of his honey is 

 shipped to dealers in the large cities. 



In Vermont the transfer is made to Bos- 

 ton and other eastern cities in butter cars 

 which run through to certain points on cer- 

 tain days. Any size of crate rides safely in 

 such a car. Potato cars have also been util- 

 ized in carrying a few hundred pounds of 

 honey. 



Extracted honey requires entirely differ- 

 ent treatment from that given comb honey. 

 We prefer, for shipping honey in bulk, one- 

 half barrels. Such a package is easy to han- 

 dle, and dealers prefer it to full sized bar- 

 rels. We have put honey into forty-gallon 

 casks, but the work of loading required 

 three men. We decidedly prefer the smaller 

 package. 



Our home trade has changed considerably. 

 Where we formerly sold "on draught" into 

 all kinds of utensils, we now sell almost ex- 

 clusively in tin pails. The sizes are two, 

 five and ten pounds ; and five of the five 

 pound are sold to one of either of the other 

 sizes. It is the popular package with us. 



These pails are also a popular package to 

 put on sale with grocers. We deliver two or 

 three dozen at a time, and they are usually 

 sold before granulation takes place. Glass 

 is not a popular package in this market. 

 For shipping pails to a distant market we 

 make a crate holding one dozen five pound 

 pails. We prefer to ship in the candied 

 state : then there is no danger of leakage, 

 and the purchaser liquifies it before deliver- 

 ing it to his customers. 



We think the proper, way to popularize 

 honey is to put it upon the market in a 

 package most convenient for the people to 

 utilize. A pail never comes amiss ; even if 

 there are a dozen of them around there will 

 be some use for them ; and that is one rea- 

 son why so many like to purchase our honey. 

 And, should we go out of the honey l)usi- 

 ness, that is the way in which it would b« 

 purchased by the 



Ramblek. 



Cases of DiflFerent Sizes Needed ; Grading 



the Honey ; Marking Weights on 



Cases ; Shipping; Barrels for 



Extracted Honey. 



B. A. BUBNETT. 



IDITOR REVIEW.— On page 111 we 

 read an article entitled "From the 

 Hive to the Honey Market." I do not 

 see that we can offer any objection to 

 any portion of the article, unless it be the 

 urging of the small case on all the producers. 

 This market is accustomed to any size case, 

 and it is true that some classes of trade pre- 

 fer cases containing twenty pounds or thirty 

 pounds up to forty-eight, giving as a reason 

 that in supplying small dealers tliey can sell 

 a large case just as easily as one containing 

 ten to twelve pounds. But this class of trade 

 can Vje met with the crate similar to that of 

 which you have a cut on 112. It is not a fact 

 that honey put up in these crates always 

 reaches destination without injury, but it 



usually comes in better shape in some such 

 crate than without. Where honey can be 

 loaded into a car that goes through to point 

 of destination, and is billed to team track, 

 so that consignee can unload honey into 

 spring wagons, there is seldom any breakage 

 provided that cases have Ijeen properly 

 fastened in such a way as to prevent their 

 falling or shifting by jolting of car. To do 

 this it is not always necessary to have 20,000 

 pounds, but take one end of car and load 

 three or more thousand pounds, as the case 

 may be, and fasten it by boards and nails so 

 that it may remain in the position you de- 

 sire. 



As concerns the contents of case, it should 

 run evenly. Placing a well filled section 

 next to the glass attracts attention, and if 

 the other sections in the case correspond, a 

 sale usually follows of one case or the entire 

 shipment as the needs of the purchaser may 

 require. It is often as easy to sell one hun- 

 dred cases as one case, and in selling the 

 entire consignment it often happens that 

 not more than one to three cases are opened, 

 and the lot sold on them as samples ; hence 

 it is liighly advantageous to the shipper to 

 mark such cases as may not properly repre- 

 sent the whole, and advise the consignee by 

 letter just what is contained in the different 

 cases and how marked. 



The gross and tare should be marked on 

 the end of each case with lead pencil, as it 

 enables the merchant to check weights, and 

 when the shipper's weights are found to be 

 correct the lot is sold by them, and not re- 

 weighed. Where it is not convenient to get 

 weight of case when full, the tare or weight 

 of the case should be marked on end, tlius 

 saving the removal of the honey by mer- 

 chants to ascertain weight. Very little dark 

 comb honey is sought for, and it should be 

 kept for bee stores or extracted. 



We quite agree on your choice of packages 

 for extracted honey ; the barrels should con- 

 tain four to six hundred pounds, and be 

 made of oak or whitewood — never pine, as it 

 flavors the contents. Great care should be 

 taken to get barrels thoroughly washed out ; 

 if package has been previously used either 

 for honey, alcohol, syrup or any kind of 

 merchandise, steaming or scalding is neces- 

 sary. It may seem strange to many readers 

 but we have had honey come in new pack- 

 ages — and probably because they were new 

 peoi)le sui)posed them clean — and simply 

 removed the l)ung and filled with honey. 

 Result, packages, when opened, were found 

 to contain honey, sawdust and shavings. 



Chicago, 111., June 2(), 1890, 



Carniolans. 



A. LOWMASTEB. 



f PRESUME the first Carniolan queens 

 brought into tliis country, were those I 

 imported in 1882. Ever since then I 

 liave been importing and breeding 

 Carniolans. 



The workers are silver gray in api)earance. 

 The thick fuzz of the abdomen is disposed 

 in light colored bands, and, as dark drab is 



