38 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



II. Systems Depending on Reproduction Wholly or 

 Partly from Sprouts (Coppice). 



a. Simple Coppice. — A stand of hardwoods is cut 



clear and reproduction from sprouts almost 

 entirely relied upon. This system is usually 

 managed on a very short rotation. 



b. Coppice with Standards. — The bulk of the area 



is occupied by sprouts cut on a short rotation. 

 Mingled with them are thrifty trees allowed to 

 grow through one or more rotations of the 

 coppice. 



c. Pole-Wood Coppice. — An eyen-aged stand of 



sprouts and trees from the seed, combined, is 

 allowed to grow to pole-wood size (40 to 70 

 years of age), and then reproduced in part by 

 sprouts, in part by natural seeding. 



Combination of Silvicultural Systems 



The various systems are very frequently combined. 

 It is particularly common to combine systems of natural 

 reproduction and systems of clear-cutting with arti- 

 ficial reproduction. Thus, a portion of the stand may 

 be reproduced naturally, and then the balance clear- 

 cut and replanted; or patches may be clear-cut and 

 restocked with certain species, and then the rest repro- 

 duced naturally. The forester uses that method, or 

 combination of methods, which will best meet the 

 requirements of the forest and its management. 



