180 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



merited by seedlings. In this way, many hardwood 

 stands, which are cut at an age when sprout reproduction 

 is uncertain, are followed by surprisingly good second 

 growth. Usually, however, fires run over the ground 

 at frequent intervals, or cattle are allowed to graze 



Fie;. 38.— A Stand of Hardwoods, Composed of Trees of Sprout 

 and Seedling Origin, after the First Cutting under the Polewood 

 Coppice System. Southern New York. 



through the woods; and at the time of cutting there are 

 very few 7 seedlings, or none at all, so that the succeeding 

 stand is composed chiefly of the shoots from such stumps 

 as mav retain their sprouting capacity. There are wide 

 gaps between the clumps of sprouts, and the stand is 

 inferior in form, quality, and yield to the previous one. 



