THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



95 



building the comb, for the foundation used 

 in the sections was either thin or extra thin, 

 and I am almost sure that only small starters 

 were used. 



Bef Jr3 closing, I wish to say somethinti 

 about putting sections on the hives — a mat- 

 ter closely related to the foundation ques- 

 tion. I much prefer ^^iugle depth wide 

 frames for the purpose, to any other arrange- 

 ment. The combs in them are built out 

 quite evenly from end to end, and from the 

 center of the super outward, leaving the few- 

 est unliuished sections. The sections are 

 kept cleaner, and separators can be used in 

 them to better advantage than in any other 

 arrangement. They possess another impor- 

 tant advantage that I have never seen noted, 

 and which will appear further on. 



If a swarm of bees is given single depth 

 closed end frames tilled with foundation, 

 and without a bee space above the frames, 

 the combs will be broadly built to the top 

 bars except at their ends. At the ends of 

 the frames, passage ways will be left here 

 and there through the combs, and there is 

 almost sure to be one of these at each upper 

 corner. These bee passages are a necessity 

 under the circumstances. But if a bee space 

 is left over the frames the bee passages will 

 be more limited in extent, and the upper cor- 

 ners of the frames are apt to be tilled with 

 comb, for the necessity for passage ways at 

 these places no longer exist. If hanging 

 frames with bee spaces over, as well as un- 

 der, and at the ends of the frames, had been 

 given the swarm, the frames? would have 

 been filled with comb except at their bottonj, 

 and then the bees would try to till up the bee 

 space above the frames with comb and would 

 in time build brace combs in tlie bee spaces 

 at the ends of the frames at their upper parts. 

 I have found that bees lirin,-; their combs well 

 down to the bottom bars, except towards tlie 

 entrance, if there is a bee space of not less 

 than % of an inch under them 



Now, as each section is really a closed end 

 frame, and as such frames are not as well 

 filled with comb as hanging frames are, it 

 seems to me that we should, as much as pos- 

 sible, apply the priucii>les of the latter to our 

 surplus arrangements for securing comb 

 honey. 



To do this, wide frames are a necessity. 

 By means of their top and bottom bars, we 

 get deeper comb ranges ; and this in con- 

 nection with a bee space above and below 

 the frames will give al>outall the advantages 



of deep bee spaces in encouraging the bees 

 to thoroughly build their combs to the top 

 and bottom bars of the sections. By having 

 a bee space at each end of the uprights of 

 the wide frames, and a continuous passage 

 way on each side .f the separators, and 

 through the uprights, and into the bee space 

 at each end of tlie frames : the bees will be 

 encouraged to build their combs out evenly 

 from end to end of the frames, and to prop- 

 erly build them to the upriglits of the sec- 

 tions. If these passage ways were as deep 

 as the sections it would be difficult to crate 

 the sections when filled with com , and sup- 

 port the separators. Insets in the sections 

 and the bars of the frames would probably 

 answer the purpose. I am confident that we 

 may yet be able to get as well filled sections 

 by using only starters, as we now do with 

 full sheets of foundation. I have noticed 

 that bees finish up sections more evenly 

 from end to end of wide frames when there 

 is a bee space between the ends of the frames 

 and the super case, than when there is not. 

 Who knows what improvements may be 

 made in the direction of better comb ho^ ey 

 supers ? 



^VHITE House Station, N. J., Mar. 7, ".)4. 



The Same Colony is Not "Best" Every Year; 



Grading Honey Objectionable ; Clarifying 



Wax ; Dipping Boards : Adulteration. 



B. TAYLOK. 



Nor mail nor bee is worth a moniout's yiewinf; 

 Except they each continue in well doing. 



^ r/DITUR Review, 



JIj in commenting 

 oil an extract from 

 my article in Glean- 

 ings regarding the 

 policy of replacing 

 queens that the api- 

 arist considers in- 

 ferior, you express 

 a desire to know 

 upon wliat grounds 

 I condemned the 

 queen in question. I 

 condemned her because the colony failed to 

 do average work during the season. The 

 olony containing the queen marked for 

 execution made little or no surplus and did 

 not swarm. It never seemed to have a large 



