294 



THE BEE-KEEPEUIS- HE VIEW'. 



out. It is only thus that the experimental 

 stage can be safely passed and the perma- 

 nent superiority of foundation es.ablished. 



The same course was pursued this year as 

 last to determine tlie amount of wax in the 

 comb drawn out from the several samples 

 of foundation tested. First a section of 

 comb made from each of the samples of 

 foundation to be tested was selected, the 

 honey was extracted and the combs then 

 thoroughly washed and dried. Then each 

 comb was trimmed to a given thickness, 

 about half an inch, and with a tool somewhat 

 after the fashion of a small cake cutter a 

 circular piece was cut from each comb. At 

 a temperature of about 80° F, all this was 

 done nicely and with apparent exactness. 

 These pieces were secured primarily for the 

 weighing test. This test was made at the 

 laboratory of Dr. Kedzie of the Agricultural 

 College and the samples of comb were hen 

 used by Dr. Beal for measuring the thick- 

 ness of the septa of each by means of the 

 micrometer. Septa from the same sections 

 as these pieces of comb were taken were used 

 for securing the measurements taken at the 

 establishment of A. I. Root of Medina, Ohio. 

 These combs and septa were designated by 

 letters of the alphabet. which were used with 



significations as follows : 



A. Van Deusen's flat-bottom foundation. 



B, E, H, L, O, R each stands for founda- 

 tion made on the Given press with the plates 

 set so closely that some of the septa of the 

 foundation were pierced with small holes by 

 the close pressure of the dies. 



C, F, I, M, P, S. The Given. 



D. The Hunt. 



G. The Given-Hunt. 



K. The Root. 



N. The Dadant. 



Q. The Root-Hunt. 



The weighing resulted as follows : 



Weight in grains : A, 1.8635 ; B, 1.9882 



C, 1.9G04 ; D, 1.8816 ; 



G, 2.2938 ; H, 1.8270 ; 



L, 1.8012 ; M, 1.8685 ; 



P, l.g572 ; Q, 1.8408 ; 



E, 1.6889 ; F, 1.8618 



I, 1.9509; K, 1.6245 



N, 1.6615; O, 1.8013 



R, 1.7010 ; S, 1.8625. 



The tables showing the thickness of the 

 septa of the several sorts of comb in ten 

 thousandths of an inch here follow. Three 

 or four measurements of each specimen 

 were taken. The figures are given in detail 

 that the differences and ditficulties may be 

 seen. After getting Dr. Real's first measure- 

 ment the results seemed to call for verifica- 

 tion, so I secured a second which is also 

 given. 



MR. boot's MBASUKEMENTS. 



ABCDE FGH IKLMNOPQRS 



80 60 60 80 65 60 7'i 60 65 55 60 70 50 60 60 70 60 60 



70 60 60 70 60 70 70 50 65 50 60 60 6o 70 70 60 50 40 



70 55 70 60 70 70 80 65 70 60 60 60 60 60 55 70 50 60 



80_ 60 70_ 70_ 70_ 60 70 6 70 65 60 60 50 80 65 70 50 6 



Total 300 235 260 280 265 260 290 235 270 230 240 250 320 270 250 270 210 22 



Average 75 59 65 70 66 65 73 59 68 58 60 63 55 68 63 68 53 55 



DB. seal's FIB8T MEA8UBEMENT. 



ABCDEFGH IKLMNOPQRS 



20 .17 .14 .15 18 .15 .17 .12 .17 .13 .14 .11 .11 .10 .115 .11 .13 .12 



In Millimeters. .20 15 -15 .16 19 .1^5.19 .14 .17 .13 16 .12 .12 .11 .11 10.14 .12 



. 20 .16 .19 19 2o 21 _. 4 .17 .1 7 .14 .17 .U .115 .12 .13 .12 .14 .13 



Average iii Mill. . 20 .16 .16 .166 19 .175'Tl66'7l43 17 .133 .156 .123 115 .11 .118 .11 -136 .123 



Av. in 10,000th in. 78 63 63 68 75 69 66 56 67 52 62 49 45 43 46 43 54 49 



DR. BEAl's second MEASUREMENT. 



ABCDEF GHIKLMNOPQRS 



95 70 80 90 65 100 60 75 80 60 80 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 



In 10,000th inches. 9J 75 70 65 70 70 55 60 80 60 70 60 50 45 60 47 60 55 



100 55 70 70 55 65 63 50 60 6^) 60 50 50 50 50 47 55 55 



Total 28 5 200 220 225 190 235 178 185 220 180 210 16i) 150 1 45 160 144 175 170 



Average ,. 95 67 73 75 63 78 59 62 73 60 70 53 50 48 53 48 58 57 



THE GENERAL, AVERAGE. 



ABCDEFGH IKLMNOPQRS 



Root's average 75 59 65 7i> 66 65 73 .59 68 58 60 63 55 68 63 68 53 55 



Seal's 1st average 78 63 63 66 75 69 66 .56 67 52 62 49 45 43 46 43 54 49 



Beal's 2nd average 95 67 72 7 5 63 78 59 627360 70 53 50 48 53 48 58 57 



Total 248 1 89 200 211 204 212 198" 177 208 17 0"l92"l 65 150 159 1 62 159 165 161 



(leneral averaere 83 63 67 70 68 71 66 59 69 57 64 55 .50 53 54 53 55 54 



