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personally, who practie-es that methoil, 

 and who keeps 150 or more colonics, 

 thinks so, and makes a success of it. 

 3. Yes, quite a number. — A. B. Mason. 



1. In an exclusive top-storing hive, 

 a shallower frame is preferable. 2. 

 Many make side-storing a success. 3. 

 Yes. — G. L. Tinker. 



Mr. (i. M. Doolittle uses the Gallup 

 fitinies, and he is one of the most suc- 

 cessful comb honej' producers that we 

 have. He will, no doubt, answer this 

 query, having full experience witli 

 such" a frame. — P. L. Viallon. 



1. Yes ; that is to say, tiering-up for 

 the Gallup frame is to tiering-up for 

 the shallower frame, as the Gallup 

 frames for comb honey is to the shal- 

 lower frame for comb honey. 2. No. 

 3. Not by many, so far as 1 know. — R. 

 L. Taylor. 



1. I judge so. 2. I should say that 

 side-storing was a bad thing, if it were 

 not that Mr. Doolittle practices it. But 

 then you should tier up in either case. 

 — C. C. Miller. 



1. It is the best method over any 

 depth of brood-frames. 2. No, no ; do 

 not waste any time in drudging 

 tlirough the side-storing fallacy. 3. 

 No. — James Heddon. 



1. I think that it is better adapted 

 to a shallower frame. 2. I do not 

 think that any gain can be made by 

 side-storing. 3. Not to any great ex- 

 tent. I will say, however, that I speak 

 oidy from the stand-point of my own 

 locality. — J. E. Fond. 



1. It is not so well adapted. 2. I 

 have some bees on frames 12 inches 

 deep, but I have after many experi- 

 ments abandoned side-sti.ring for the 

 ■tiering-up" method. 3. I know of 

 some of the best apiarists and honey 

 producers wlio use the Gallup frame, 

 but not many. — J. M. Shcck. 



1. I think not ; but the ditl'erence is 

 not so very great, as some think it is. 

 The disadvantage is mostlj- in the com- 

 paratively small surface over the deep 

 frames. 2. " Side-storing"' is entirely 

 too much fuss, to be adopted by prac- 

 tical apiarists. 3. Not by many. A 

 few good bee-keepers still use the little 

 bee-gumish looking Gallup hive. There 

 is a great deal in use. — G.W.Demaree. 



1. Probably not quite, yot there are 

 good points enough about this frame 

 to more than make up for this lack. 2. 

 Better results can be secured with any 

 frame if worked on this plan, and es- 

 peciallj' is this true of the (iallup 

 frame. 3. Ask Prof. Cook. There are 

 very successful apiarists who use 

 frames of widely different patterns, 

 but the frame most in use in this coun- 

 try, is the Langstroth. However, the 

 size of this has not been kept strictly 

 pure, for there are about as many of 



A. I. Root's modiUcation in the coun- 

 try, as there is of the " standard." — G. 

 M. Doolittle. 



Tiering up is the most desirable 

 method, and for that the shallower 

 frames are more desirable. Side-stor- 

 ing, it is generally admitted, requires 

 more labor and attention, though 

 many successful apiarists practice it 

 regularly. The Langstroth frame is 

 generallj- used, and only a very few 

 use Gallup-frame hives. — The Editor. 



MAY FLOM^ERS. 



May shall make the world anew 

 Golden sun and silver dew — 

 Money minted in the sky- 

 Shall the earth's new garments buy. 



May shall make the orchard bloom ; 

 And the blossoms' fine perfume 

 Shall set all the honey-bees 

 Murmuring amony the trees. 



May shall make the bud appear 

 Like a jewel, crystal clear, 

 'Mid the leaves upon the limb. 

 Where the robbin lifts his hymn. 



May shall make the wild flowers tell- 

 Where the shinins snowflakes tell ; 

 Just as thouah each snowflake's heart, 

 By some secret, magic art. 



Were transmuted to a flower 

 In the sunlight and the shower. 

 Is there such another, pray, 

 Wonder-making month as May ? 



—St. Nicholas. 



EVOLUTION. 



Tbe History of Evolution in 

 Bee-C'iilture. 



Bead at the ProgrcsKive Bee-Keepers' Convention 

 • BY GEORGE B. HAGGART. 



Science and centuries change. The 

 authority of to-day is but the founda- 

 tion of discord in another age. The 

 development in any branch is not 

 however lost, the principles serving as 

 retainers until mind-showing defects 

 points out the inmost pi'inciples and 

 searches the utmost depths. Grand, 

 may be christeneil that subject and 

 that science which meets approval so 

 in.stautly that the adverse and conflict- 

 ing mind may grasp the true theory, 

 and reconcile all opposition. 



Development was made in apicul- 

 ture in early times, but conjecture had 

 taken the place of fact in leading de- 

 tails, until 1712, when the mathema- 

 tician of Nice, Maraldi, invented the 

 glass hive, enabling naturalists to study 

 more closely the in-door life of the 

 bees. Then we lind Reaumur, Schirach 

 and Huber leading on the science, and 

 later our noted and highly-honoinl 



Langstroth's toil has gained the prin- 

 ciples we utilize to-day. In this, as in 

 all other attempts, there is no un- 

 paralleled story of the might of these 

 winged-foes when unting their forces 

 against a common enemy. 



They have had many a triumph 

 since the day when Moses desei'ibed 

 how the Amorites, who dwelt in the 

 mountains, came down and chased the 

 Israelites " as the bees do." 



Even the great Mohammedan em- 

 peror, when attempting to carry off 

 the brazen bull from sacred Mt. Aboo, 

 was attacked by " a legion of wild 

 bees," which could not stand the in- 

 vasion of their sacred home, and de- 

 scended in clouds from the mountain 

 heights, put the whole army to flight 

 in the place known to this day as the 

 " Vallej' of the Bees." 



Let ns turn back through the ages. 

 Let us turn over eighteen centuries — 

 eighteen leaves. Where is apis mel- 

 lifica ? " And his food was locusts 

 and wild honey." 



Back an(jther quarter of a centurj-, 

 and we hear those songs which so 

 charmed the ears of the Roman war- 

 riors. Allandro Augustus sang to the 

 shepherds and heathen gods who 

 watched the fate of Rome. The words 

 of Virgil, the king of Latin poets, even 

 Publius Virgilius Maro. Three years 

 he toiled, and the results were the 

 "Eclogues." Seven years he toiled, 

 and the results were the " Georgics." 

 Eleven years more, and the " Aeneid " 

 appeared. In the " Georgics " he first 

 sings of Husbandry, then of Foresti-y, 

 third of Cattle, and last of the Culture 

 of Bees. And in the words of Cooper, 

 " In 277 lines of the finest of heathen 

 poetry." 



One quarter of a century before; the 

 Christian era, the rude apiculture 

 (rude as it must have been) is praised 

 in the Latin tongue — in the noble lan- 

 guage of ancient Rome. He proposes 

 tlie subject, then shows the proper 

 station for the hives, the management 

 of the swarms, and later, the battle 

 between two discordant " kings " of 

 the hive, as it is literally translated, 

 antl as the were evidently called in 

 those early times. He gives the dis- 

 eases as they then understood them, 

 and the remedies that should be ap- 

 plied, in case they raged among the 

 bees. These are his opening words: 

 "Next I will set forth the celestial gift 

 of ;crial sweet. Marcenas pray listen 

 to this part of the Georgics. I will 

 sing to you of the admirable spectacle 

 of a little being, of their mighty 

 leaders, of all their kinds in all sta- 

 tions. This is forsooth, a subject 

 small, but the instruction is not low. 

 First, a seat and stand sliould be 

 sought for the bees, where the o])ening 

 is not to the winds ; for the winds pre- 



