72 THE CHINESE SUGAR-CANE. 



understood, white sugar (refined) may be made 

 direct from the juice. The onl^^ difficulty in this 

 manufacture consists in the fact that large man- 

 ufactories alone can produce the best qualities at 

 low cost ; and not until such factories can be 

 established in districts capable of supplying the 

 necessary quantities of canes can the best results 

 l)e obtained. In the mean time, we will give 

 such necessary directions for the manufacture of 

 sugar from the juice of the sorgho as may be 

 best availed of by the small operator. 



'' When the grower intends to make sugar, he 

 should pinch off the seed-heads before they are 

 fully formed, or, indeed, as soon as they appear, 

 thus causing the plants to give a larger yield of 

 stronger juice. A cheap and effective mill for 

 expressing the juice may be made of three roll- 

 ers, arranged like the ordinary sugar-mill for 

 West India use, but of small size. Two of 

 the rollers should be on a horizontal plane, with 

 a third roller above, and all geared to the same 

 speed. Such a mill will separate much of the 

 juice, and it may be used by hand or other 

 power, as preferred. The great art of sugar- 

 making is to get the largest quantity of crystals 

 and the smallest of molasses or syrup, and this 

 will depend in a great measure on the rapidity 



