STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 75 



Qnes. Have yon tried Moore's Arctic? 



Ans. I speak from my standpoint: it is very 'defective in foliage 

 with us. The quality is exceedingly low and it is sort of a dead 

 color and most of the ladies want fruit for culinary purposes that 

 is very attractive. Chase and I were looking over Moore's Arctic 

 and he said, '•! am just disgusted with that. 1 have been talking 

 and selling it all over the country and it is not worth anything. 

 We have got to cater to the wants of the people." 



Qaes. How near to the trees do yon run the gang plow. 



Ans. I don't run the gang plow very near to the trees, about 

 five feet. Run the harrow nearer. "We cultivate both ways with 

 the harrow and only one way with the gang plow. 



Qnes. How far apart do you set your trees? 



Ans. About sixteen feet apart one waj'. and the other way you 

 may have them closer if you wish. You have got to have them so 

 that 3'ou can run your4)ug machine through. That bug machine is 

 so constructed that you can run it between rows sixteen feet apart. 

 Some varieties grow ver3' ui)right and don't need so much room. 

 We have some that are not more than eight feet apart, they are the 

 upright varieties, but I would not advise that, for where you do 

 you have to do high feeding. The Quackenbos takes up as much 

 room as the apple and it is good for nothing. 



Qnes. Are you troubled with black knot? 



Ans. In relation to the black knot. I have studied it quite a little. 

 It has alwaj's puzzled me how it is that it goes right to the heart. 

 You take one just started and 3'ou will find it reaches to the heart 

 of the tree. If it is a fungus how is it that it eats to tbe heart of 

 the tree? It is very much like a cancer, in its nature, it is death. 



Qaes. Is it impossible to restore trees after once attacked by 

 black knot? 



Ans. Not at all. 



Prof. Muxsox : This black knot grows within the tissues of the 

 wood. The part we see is the fruiting portion of the fungus, the 

 plant itself is simply a plant growing within the other plant, the 

 plant itself is within the tissue. 



Mr. WiLLAUD : I find in cutting it out that if you will watch it 

 closely you will find that these little threads run down. We have 

 found that a little kerosene is very effective. I can do these thfnga 

 but I would not give that as advice to others. I won't allow the 

 boys to use the kerosene, t want to do that myself, it wants. to be 



