82 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



SPRAYING AND ITS RESULTS. 

 By Prof. W. M. Munson, State College. 



The one great drawback to fruit culture in many sections of the 

 State is the trouble from disease and insect attacks. And some of 

 you know that I am getting to be quite a crank on that subject. 

 For two or three years, as a part of my duties iu connection with 

 the experiment station, I have been undertaking to combat the 

 disease causing scab on apples. The difficulty is you take such an 

 apple as that, for instance that has only one spot on it, and put it 

 in the cellar and keep it till February, you are likely to have a 

 fruit something like that (showing a badly diseased apple.) The 

 point is that apples which are attacked by this apple scab fungus 

 will not keep as well as perfect fruit. The scab will develop in 

 the barrel. This defect is caused by a fungus whose spores are 

 distributed by the wind and we have no means of controlling it> 

 except in individual orchards. As the result of the work of several 

 experiment stations we have a means of controlling this growth. 

 For several years we have been conducting experiments in this 

 line, and I will first call your attention to the results of the experi- 

 ments of the present season which was not a very bad season as it 

 was quite dry, and during such times the scab does not develop as 

 in wet seasons. The case taken for comparison was from Mr. 

 Pope's orchard. (He here used a chart showing the different mixt- 

 ures used, and the effect of each.) 



Another mixture called the Bordeaux mixture because it was first 

 used in Bordeaux, France, we find the best mixture which we have 

 used. The solution is very much modified from what was given a 

 few years ago. Six pounds sulphate of copper, four pounds quick- 

 lime and fifty gallons of water. It is highly important that this 

 sulphate of copper be dissolved in a wooden vessel. If it is dis- 

 solved in an iron vessel or a tin one, it will corrode it. It has 

 been a question whether Paris green might not be a preventive of 

 apple scab Paris green, as you may know, is arsenite of copper. 

 We thought that it might prevent the scab and so we added the 

 Paris green in one case to the Bordeaux mixture, but we found no 

 benefit from the use of this double mixture. 



This table shows the result during the present year, and this 

 table shows the results obtained during three years, 1891, 1892 and 



