IT'. THE WORLD'S MEAT FUTURE 



selecting the polled offspring and breeding tlie.se to other 

 Shorthorn bulk. This grading up was continued until the 

 polled offspring was brought to the fifth cross which contained 

 96| per cent or more of Shorthorn blood, and which qualified 

 for entry in the Polled Durham herd book. The resulting pro- 

 geny resembled the Shorthorns, but were rather leggy, lacked 

 a thick smooth covering of flesh, and inclined more to the dual- 

 purpose type of animals. These cattle could be registered in 

 the Polled Durham herd book, but were not eligible for regis- 

 tration in the American Shorthorn herd book. 



The double-standard Polled Durhams were secured by using 

 purebred Shorthorn cows that were either natural muley or 

 had undeveloped horns, for breeding to Shorthorn bulls. The 

 double-standard Polled Durhams are purebred Shorthorns, 

 and can be registered in either the Shorthorn or the Polled 

 Durham herd books. The double-standard Polled Durhams 

 were bred chiefly from the Gwynne, White Rose and Young 

 Phyllis families of Shorthorns. 



This breed is similar to the Shorthorn in every way except 

 that it is hornless. It is a comparatively new breed of cattle, 

 and has not become so popular as the older breeds, but it is 

 increasing in popularity. They will do well under the same 

 conditions which favour the production of good Shorthorns. 

 Some breeders have developed the dual-purpose qualities in 

 the animals, with the result that there is considerable variation 

 in type. 



The Hereford 



The Hereford ranks next to the Shorthorn in numbers in 

 the United States of America. Their popularity is constantly 

 increasing, especially wheie cattle are raised under range or 

 pdverse conditions. Asa" rustler " the Hereford is surpassed 

 by no breed of beef cattle, and they have been* recognised as 

 responding readily to a favourable environment as well as 

 being able to thrive under adverse conditions where other 

 breeds would not do so well. On scant pastures and on the 

 range where waterholes are far apart the Hereford has shown 

 its merit. The bulls are active, vigorous, prepotent and very 

 sure breeders. 



