VOT 



X .11. so 10. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



75 



jroviny, and tlie way prcpnred for an advance 

 nny of the prpsent breeds. 



Believiii;:, ns we A«, that it is to ekiliriil cross- 

 of the iniprnved pure stocks with oiir heel na- 

 i anifiiaU-, we are to look f.jr the earliest na well 

 the ()erTn»nent itiiproveinent of our herds, and 

 bmldinrr up of an American breed worthy of 

 name, the importance of introducinp: and pre- 

 ying animals which shall serve as the basis of 

 i improvement, forces itself upon us at once, 

 e breeders of improved stock can scarcely at- 

 h too much importance to pedi^^ree, as in that 

 ne have thev proof of the endurance of the valu- 

 e qM.ilitic8 of the animals they breed ; and the 

 fidonce of the public once shaken on that point, 

 iny deception practiced, will be most unforlu- 

 e, as seriously tending to check the iniprove- 

 ;il of our domestic stock. — Albany Cult. 



From the Farmer's Cabinet. 



FRUIT TREES, 

 rhe very superior apples which are grown in 

 State of Ohio, have attracted the attention of 

 se who have had an opportunity of examining 

 m : they are said to be finer and fairer, and are 

 duced in greater abundance than those of simi- 

 kinds in the Atlantic States. The orchards 

 also said to possess a much more youthful ap- 

 rance. Some have supposed that their supcri- 

 y arose from soil and climate, but it would be 



I to consider whether the difference does not 

 e from their much more recent derivation from 

 dlings. The early settlers in the West, carried 

 h them seeds of various kinds, and amongst 

 ui apple seeds of the most esteemed varieties ; 

 se were planted, and produced numerous seed- 

 r varieties, more or less differing in character 



II those ihey were taken from, as is generally 

 case, in consequence of the mixture of the 



len of different kinds, during the period of flow- 

 .ig. Those of a very superior character, have 

 :n extended and propagated by grafting, so as 

 furnish the fine fruit of the West, and the infe- 

 • sorts suffered to run out and decay. The cel- 

 ated horticulturist, T. A. Knight, reasoning 

 n the fact that many fine varieties of the apple 



greatly degenerated or disappeared, thinks he 

 ustified in the conclusion, that " all plants of 

 ! species, however propagated from the same 

 ck, partake, in some degree, of the same life, 



1 will attend the progress of that life in the hab- 

 of its youth, its maturity, and its decay ; though 

 y will not be any way affected by any acciden- 

 injury the parent tree may sustain after they 

 delatched from it." If this theory be sound, 



i there seems to be but little difBculty in recon- 

 ing it with our observations on the gradual dis- 

 learance and decline of some of our most es- 

 med varieties of fruits, it would be well to re- 

 t to more recent seedling varieties of valuable 

 ts, to renovate our orchards. 

 The age of an apple tree should be dated from 

 ! period of planting the seed, and not from the 

 le of inserting the graft or applying the bud to 

 ! stock. Knight supposed the age of the apple 

 e to be about two hundred years, and of course 

 >se esteemed varieties which were introduced 

 this country by the early settlers, and which 

 re probably not then young varieties, may be 

 pected to disappear rapidly. Hence the iinpor- 

 ice of introducing valuable seedlings from the 

 est. It is to be hoped that the cominj season, 



the Western nurserymen will forward either the 

 trees or gnfts to a market in the Atlantic States. 



The quince tree is much shorter-lived than the 

 apple, and the most common mode of raising it is 

 from suckers ; the consequence is, that we are con- 

 stantly growing old trees that produce imperfe'-t 

 fruit, and that in small quantities ; when, by rais- 

 ing them from the seed, young and vigorous trees 

 would be produced, th.it would repay us with abun- 

 dance of fine, fair fruit. The quince from the seed, 

 will produce fruit in five or six yenrs. 



It would be well to consider whether budding 

 of peach trees of the same variety, for twenty or 

 thirty years, without resort to seedlings produced 

 from the stones, may not be the cause of gome of 

 the infirmities of that most valuable fruit. It is 

 questionable whether the extreme length of life of 

 a peach tree is more than thirty or forty years ; if 

 so, the system of budding without resort to seed- 

 lings, should not be extended over more than half 

 that period. 



The foregoing suggestions have been thrown 

 out with the view of inducing some of our able and 

 experienced cultivators of fruit trees to take the 

 field, and give us through the pages of the Cabinet, 

 the result of their observation and experience on 

 this very interesting subject. Poma. 



WHOLESOME TRUTHS. 



Keep it before yourself, young mun, that indus- 

 try and good morals wjll be your best passport in 

 i;ood society, and the surest means of ensuring you 

 the respect of those whose respect is desirable. 



Keep it before yourself, young lady, that kind- 

 ness of heart, a sweet disposition, and an even 

 temper, will make you an ogreeable companion 

 with the old and the young — fit you to become a 

 good mother, and, with a knowledge of household 

 duties, a good wife. 



Keep it before yourself, young man or woman, 

 that in a choice for a partner for life, you should 

 look well to the habits and disposition of each oth- 

 er. That a young man with a cigar in his mouth, 

 and cane in his hand, and his brains (?) running to 

 hair, may do very well for a beau to some silly 

 miss, but is not to be compared witli the plain, un- 

 pretending youth, whose heart is right, and whose 

 common sense will not allow him to ape the dandy. 



That young lady who is all "accomplishments," 

 who can sing a little, dance a little, thumb the pi- 

 ano a. little, and look fascinating any time, may fill 

 a place on the sofa, and be the belle of a ball room ; 

 yet if she cannot make a pudding, roast a steak, 

 and darn a stocking — if her accomplishments are 

 all for show and none for use — then, ten chances 

 to one, the young lady who has got a knowledge 

 of household affairs, who has been brought up by 

 a sensible mother, and ia well learned in the actual 

 duties of life, will make a better wife, and a pleas- 

 anter and happier home. 



Keep it before yourself, farmer, that you should 

 return to the earth at least as much as you take 

 from it — that you should make your land richer 

 each year, nor let it wear out — that you should 

 have a neat house, large barns, and show that it 

 is your ambition to " make two spears of grass 

 grow where but one grew before." 



Keep it before yourself, merchant, that a " nim- 

 ble sixpence is bettor than a slow shilling;" that 

 one price for goods, or dealing with every person 

 alike, is the right way to secure custom. 



Keep it before yourself, mechanic, that punctu- 

 ality is a virtue — that work promised, should al- 



ways be done at the time, and well done — and 

 then you need give yourself no fears of a want of 

 business Stlected. 



MILK AND RAILROADS. 



There is scarcely an article that can be named, 

 so essential to the health and comfijrt of families, 

 as milk, and it is believed there is no one in which 

 more gross impositions have been practiced on the 

 consumer. The account given by Mr Colman, of 

 the milk used in New York, cannot bo pronounced 

 an exaggeration ; and we know no good reason 

 why that account should be applicable to that city 

 alone. But a brighter day is dawning on the 

 dwellers in cities, so far as milk is concerned ; 

 and the venders of swill slop, cold water, and art), 

 ficial milks, arc finding their business seriously en- 

 dangered. This is being brought about by the in- 

 fluence of railroad.", which, spreading a net-work 

 over the country, and centering in the cities, bring 

 the farmer or dairyman, residing .50 miles from the 

 city, within a few hours ride, and enable him to 

 offer his products in the best possible condition for 

 competition. This effect was first e.\tensively felt 

 in Boston, in the reduction of the price and better- 

 ing the quality of the milk, though that city had 

 never been forced to use such scandalous stuff as 

 was sold in some other places for milk. At the 

 present time, a large portion of the milk used in 

 that city, is received by the railroads from country 

 dairies. The same beneficial results are beginning 

 to be felt in New. York. By the New York and 

 Erie railroad, the milk of the cows fed on the sweet 

 pastures of Orange, and the rich dairies of Ulster, 

 is brought within four or five hours of Now York. 

 As was expected, a spirit of rivalry has been ex- 

 cited among the old milk-men against their new 

 competitors, and some insinuated that the Orange 

 county milk could not be kept sweet so long, un- 

 less some deleterious chemical preparation was 

 added. The following account given by an Or- 

 ange county farmer, of the manner in which their 

 milk is prepared for market, satisfactorily accounts 

 for its keeping so well, since pure milk, quickly 

 cooled, and kept at a low temperature, will be 

 sweet for a long time, even in warm weather. 



The cows are milked early in the morning at 

 Goshen and its vicinity, the milk put into cans con- 

 taining from 60 to 75 quarts, into which a tin tube 

 filled with ice is inserted, and the milk stirred un- 

 til the animal heat is expelled. It is then sent by 

 the railroad, and arrives, a distance of 80 miles, at 

 the milk depots, which are numerous in the city, 

 in four and a half hours. The tube filled with ice 

 is again inserted, and the milk thus kept cool and 

 sweet until sold. It can be afforded to the public 

 at four cents per quart, of which the farmer gets 

 two cents per quart, and is well satisfied, as it 

 yields more than butter at 25 cents per pound. 



When we recollect the vast influence which this 

 method of supplying milk to cities has on their 

 health and expenditures, and the advantages it af- 

 fords farmers of an easy and profitable mode of 

 disposing of this part of their produce, the mutual 

 benefits of quick and certain modes of communica- 

 tion between city and country, become strikingly 

 apparent. — Jllb. Cult. 



A gentleman asked a lawyer how he could pun- 

 ish his servant who had stolen a canister of valua- 

 ble snuff. " I am not aware of any act," replied 

 the lawyer, " that makes it penal to take snuff. 



