•OI-. X»II NO. 19. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 



149 



|9 experiment sliould be remnle from nny other 

 ifield. Cultivate both in the usual way, until 

 pbaerve the tassels of the early kind beginning 

 ish. Then carefully cut out all the tnsaols of 

 i early kind — do nothing to the late kind. 

 'zh carefully and cut out all tassels as they 

 |ar from this kind. When the corn is ripe, se- 

 |all the guc.d ears of the early kind for the next 

 I'g plaritiii;T. Plant this selected seed in the 

 |l way the second year, and when ripe, select 

 lioBt eara of the earliest npenin?. You will 

 |in these ears a variety of grains in shape and 

 r. Select those that suit you. All the grains 

 iproduce a small cob and early corn; but some 



e grain on the cobs may be small and inferior 

 tthe orifrinal parent ; therefore on this, the 



year, select the grains. Generally this tliird 

 iling will establish the variety ; but llie better 



ii to continue to select your seed every year. 



may now select seed with a view to increas- 

 ijie number of ears to the stalk; but take care 

 iroid selecting small cars simply because there 

 •nany on the stalk. If you tind a stalk with 

 5 full-sized ears, it is better to take them than 

 2 from a stalk with four small ones, 

 y these means, corn is susceptible of almost 

 degree of improvement and change of charac- 



»nd I am fully satisfied that there is no one 

 ch of agriculture that would so well pay for 

 labor and attention required. 



Seedling Apples from E. Otis, Kiltery, Me., nol 

 yet in eating. 



From Win. Kenrick, superior Maria Pear, new 

 variety. 



For the Committee, 



JOSEPH BRECK. 



From the Albany Cullivator. 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. 



Salurdny, Oct. 28, 1843. 



"he show of fruit was very fine. 

 "roin the Pomological Garden, Salem ; eight 

 les of Urbaniste, three do., of the true Maria 

 isc, and one each of the following Pears, viz : 

 IT Edward (very magnificent,) Belle of Flanders, 

 .e's Russet, Q.ueen of the Low Countries, 

 insylvania, Sullivan, Huguenot, Frederic of 

 irteniburg, Dumorlier, Belle Lucrative, Compte 

 Lany, Surpasse Virgalieu, St. Michael, Capiau- 

 nt, Fulton. 



^rom J. L. L. F. Warren ; Seedling Peach, two 

 rs from stone : Pears — Doyenne Blanc, Buffum 

 I Napoleon, and fine Porter Apples. 

 From W. Oliver ; Poire Agriculturale, very 

 lly cracked. 



From J. F. Allen, a most superb Urbaniste Long 

 Ben nf Autumn, fine Seckel and Brigman's Byrne 

 ars; fine Black Hamburg Grapes. 

 From H. Vandine ; large specimens of Coe's 

 Iden Drop Plums. 



From S. Pond, two dishes Maria Louise Pears, 

 le of the Dix, one of Urbaniste, and one of su- 

 rb Bcurre Diels. 



From James Munroe, Calabasse Pears. 

 From J. Holmes, fine Quinces. 

 From J. A. Kenrick, extra fine Quinces, weigh- 

 y 12 oz. 



From Samuel Walker, Mons. Le Cure Pears. 

 From iloscs Winslow, handsome Isabella 

 rapes. 



From W. Oliver, a seedling Grape, resembling 

 e Black Hamburg in flavor. 

 From J. Lovctt, 2d, extra fine Seckel Pears. 

 From J. Slickncy, extra fine Louis Bonne de 

 •rsey Pear. 



From S. E. Chubbuck, very beautiful St. Mi- 

 lacl's Pear. 



From 8. W. Cole, Quince Apples, a " down 

 ist" seedling. 



PLOWING GREEN SWARD FOR SPRING 

 CROPS. 



M what season of the year should green sward he 

 turned over for a crop of corn or potatoes, with 

 the (rrealest amount of economy in view to the 

 cultivator ? 



Messrs. Editors — That all grass lands intended 

 for corn or potatoes, or any other crop, should be 

 plowed in the spring, we have many scientific and 

 practical men who will correspond to the fact. 

 One man will advise me to plow my green sward 

 almost the first thing in the spring, as soon us the 

 Host is BufHoienlly out to admit the plow, and ad- 

 vances all his judicious and stable reasons for so 

 doing. Another advises to delay plo>ving until a 

 day or two before planting, and to delay planting 

 as long as possible, that you may have a good crop 

 of grass to turn in, which will serve as manure. 



In illustration of this principle, when I was 

 travelling, the last summer, through the State of 

 Massachusetts, in the month of x\ugU3t, I fell into 

 conversation with a gentleman, who remarked that 

 a friend of his recommended to him some potatoes 

 of an extraordinary quality, and offered him some 

 of them to plant, but he declined the offer, remark- 

 ing that he had occupied all his ground, and used 

 alThis manure ; ami also, that being then very late 

 in June, he doubted whether they would come to 

 any thing, if planted. His friend replied, that if 

 he had a piece of green sward to spare, to do as 

 he had done, viz : to turn the turf over as evenly 

 as possible, and drop the potatoes in every other 

 furrow while plowing, turning the sod directly up- 

 on the potatoes — the vegetable matter in the sod, 

 by its decay, answering the purpose of a coat of 

 manure. He performed the experiment as recom- 

 mended, and was so well pleased with the present 

 trial, that he ordered his men to obtain twelve 

 bushels more and plant them in the same way. 

 This conversation was about the 17th of August, 

 when he informed me that the vines had com- 

 pletely covered the ground, and that he never saw 

 a more flourishing field of potatoes any where in 

 his life. The soil is a dark, gravelly loam, some- 

 what inclined to clny. 



Another scientific and practical agriculturist, 

 equally wise in his own judgment, tells me by all 

 means to turn over my green sward in midsummer, 

 immediately after haying, for a crop of corn or po- 

 tatoes on the following season, and in the spring 

 cross. plow and harrow, which will make your field 

 as easy to cultivate as one which has been plowed 

 for two or three years. 



Still another says, there is but one time only 

 when grass lands should be turned over, and this 

 should be the last thing done on the farm in the 

 month of November. Plowing at this season, has 

 many advantages ; the team is in a belter condi- 

 tion for plowing at this season than at any other ; 

 it is a time, too, when the farmer can plow the 

 moat ground at the least expense; and by plowing 

 at this season, the action of the frost upon the soil 

 tends to pulverize and make it mellow for culliva- 



tion, as well as to destroy the larve of injurious 

 insects. 



That this subject, or when is the best time to 

 plow grass lands, with the greatest economy of time, 

 labor and manure, or capital, to the cultivator, i% 

 attended with many difficulties to be answered, I 

 am fully aware. Almost every farmer has as many 

 difl"erent kinds of soil to plow and cultivate, as he 

 has crops growing ; and as one kind of soil will 

 not produce good wheat while another of a difle- 

 rent quality will bring it to perfection, so I believe 

 that the right time for plowing one kind of soil, is 

 not, as a matter of course, the right time for plow- 

 ing n« kinds of soil. Hence the following que- 

 ries : 1. When is the best time to plow dry, grav- 

 elly soils for a crop of corn or potatoes, with the 

 greatest profit to the cultivator, from the least ex- 

 pense of labor and manure ? 2. When is the best 

 time to plow moist, heavy, gravelly soils, with the 

 greatest profit, from the least expense, &.c. 



The science of agriculture has, in my opinion, 

 advanced to that state in which its diff"erent branch- 

 es, like that of plowing, shoulu be tested by actual 

 scientific experiment. 



I hove ndvanced these opinions on this subject, 

 Messrs. Editors, that I may, if possible, through 

 the medium of your agricultural journal, induce 

 some one, if not many, of its useful and highly 

 intelligent contributors to advance their opinions, 

 practice and experience on this subject, that there- 

 by I may enlighten my own mind, and that the re- 

 sult may be the means of usefulness to many of 

 our intelligent and practical farmers. 

 Yours, &-C. 



Yankee Farmer. 



JVeM7 York, Sept. 20, 1843. 



Churning Butter. — Every good house-wife 

 knows that at limes, for some peculiar causes, (most 

 generally extra sourness or bitterness of the cream,) 

 much difficulty is experienced in making the cream 

 into butter. A lady writer in the Indiana Farmer, 

 recommends the following course in such cases. 

 We have (says the Western Farmer,) for years 

 used soda or salteratus for the same purpose, and 

 found them usually successful : — 



'' I wish to inform my sister buller-makers, of 

 the means I used, which so successfully removed 

 the difficulty. I churned, perhaps, three hours, to 

 no purpose, and then tried to think of something 

 that I had read in the Indiana Farmer, or some 

 other periodical. I could not remember precisely, 

 but 1 recollected the reason stated, was the cream 

 being too sour. I then thought of soda, (peorlash, 

 I presume, would do as well,) and dissolved a large 

 teaspoonfiil in a pint of warm water, and as I 

 poured it in, churning at the same time, it changed 

 in a moment, and gradually formeu' into a beauti- 

 ful solid lump of sweet butter." 



Dignity of Labor In many portions of Europe, 



to labor is dishonorable. In this country, it is hon- 

 orahl^tf, lor here an idle man is a nuisance. An au- 

 thor says : "The American motto is industry. La- 

 bor is honorable — idleness is dishonorable ; and I 

 care not whether it is the labor of the head or of 

 the hands, for they mutually aid each other. Let 

 me, however, exhort those who are devoted to in- 

 tellectual pursuits, to cherish on their part an exal- 

 I ted and just conception of the dignity and value of 

 manual labor, and to make that opinion known in 

 their works, and seen in their actions." 



