roi.. xvn, NO. 43. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



341 



r mould can contain. It is ^iven off in such 

 ititv tliat (iecny is rapidly hastened. All the 

 9 of putrefaction, therefore, rapidly take plnce. 



qii.ititity of mould being small, nothing holds 

 volatile purls — they escape and are lost. Now, 

 moil sen.-^e and practical foresight have stepped 

 ere, from time iinmeniorial, and taught mankiiid 



necessity and the utility of preventing the 

 ce of the volatile and most valuable parts of 

 decaying animal substances, by covering them 



itii eailh, soil, &,c. These imbibe the escap- 

 virtue or strength, and become rich and fer- 

 ing. It remains to stale, that every pound of 

 lal carcass can impregnate ten pounds of vege- 

 2 mould ; or, taking our arable soils as they 

 .Uy occur, one pound of flesh, tish, blood, wool, 

 I, &c., can fertilize three hundred pounds of 

 men louin. 



ou will see, therefore, reader, how little you 

 ! now lo learn of the necessity of saving every 

 g in the shape of animal matters, and convort- 

 them to nianure, by turning them into your 

 post heap. It is to be remarked, that the dry 

 is of animal Bubstances undergo the process of 

 ,y very slowly, when left to their own action, 

 jl, hair, t^ncks, horn-shavings, &c., or even 

 her chips and curriers' shavings, bear long ex- 

 ire, and seem quite indestructible. They yet 

 rich in all the true virtue of manure. They 

 t something to bring this out, to set them a 

 king, to bring on fermentation. Well, on this 

 1 wo may lay down two rules ; the first is, that 

 tried atiiong a heap of fermenting matter, that 



miinicates a similar change to these dry, ani- 



substnnces. This is slow work. The second 



is, that if these dry matters are buried in the 



among the roots of growing plants, then these 

 more powerfully than termentation, and the dry 

 stances are converted to manure with a speed 

 ch may be called quick, compared to the fer- 

 iting process. 



"he practical lesson to be drawn from these 

 erences of action between the fleshy and horny 

 ts of animals, is, that when you want a quick 



short action of manure, to use the fleshy and 

 d parts : where you want a more slow and per- 

 lent action, to commence and long last after the 

 t is over, to use the dryer and harder parts. 

 f now we turn to the other division of mould, 

 I from vegetables, we find it lacking in the very 

 ig wliich was superabundant in animal mould, 

 at thing is volatile alkali. The great mass of 

 retahie mould is always impregnated, but al- 

 ys slightly charged with volatile alkali. There 

 liot enough of the flesh and blood forming ele- 

 int in vegetables to hasten the decay of vegeta- 



matter, or to convert them after decay into rich 

 nure. Now here, again, not science, but prac- 

 il common sense steps in, and did step in long 

 ), and as she taught mankind the necessity of 

 ling soil or mould to the decaying animal mat- 

 , so here, to enrich vegetable mould, she teaches 



t animal matter, or that which is its representa- 

 s, alkaline salts, must be added to vegetable 

 uld, to make it actiV'!. It is not the mould alone 

 ich plants want. We have seen all along how 

 ;ure provides a certain amount of salts in her 

 gin mould : we by cropping e.xhaust these faster 



n the mould. We have tons of that, yet our 

 Ids am barren. They want, as has been ex- 



ined, salts. 



[Concluded in our n«t.] 



For the Mew England Fanner. 



TMK WART ON PLUM TREES. 



Mr Hrfck — Sir — The disease called the ' wart ' 

 in plum trees, is, I believe, generally ascribed to 

 an insect. This ascription is doubtless correct, 

 but there are some facts connected with the pro- 

 gress of this disease, for the existence of which 

 none of the theories advanced — not even except- 

 ing that of the ■' Insectarians," is adequate fully to 

 account. 



I have noticed that of many trees standing in a 

 certain lot, not a single unproductive tree has been 

 injured or cvin attacked by this disease; while of 

 the residue, not an individual has escaped. On 

 another lot, four trees, in cultivated soil, have been 

 ruined after a course of several years' bearing ; 

 while in a green-sward yard, on the same premi- 

 ses, and within six rods of the former, four trees 

 are standing which have for years been unproduc- 

 tive, and also unharmed by the disease. The lat- 

 ter have uniformly blossomed abundantly, but have 

 cast unripe fruit, — one for a period of nearly thirty 

 years, and the reinainder for about ten or twelve. 

 The general appearance of these trees is, neverthe- 

 less, heallhy, and the bark smooth, and free from 

 schirrous protuberances, wounds and moss. Can 

 any one explain ? W. 



PREPARATION OF CLOVER SEED. 

 We have received two communications from Jo- 

 seph Warbasse, of Newtown, N. J., on his mode of 

 preparing clover seed for sowing, by which the 

 writer calculates he makes a saving of one-half 

 he seed required. Mr Warbasse's process seems 

 to be predicated on the assumed fact, that ordina- 

 rily more than one-half of the seed sown does not 

 germinate, either from the want of moisture to 

 swell it, or of gypsum, the presence of which he 

 considers essential to stimulate the germinating 

 principle. Mr Warbasse is probably right in say. 

 ing that one-half the clover seed sown does not 

 come up ; and he is strengthened in his supposi- 

 tion that much of it remains dormant in the soil, 

 by the fact he states, and which is of common no- 

 toriety, that plaster sown upon light lands, will 

 bring in clover, where no seed is sown at the time. 

 Mr Warbasse's remedy for the evil is, to saturate 

 and swell the seed thoroughly in soft water, to 

 which a small quantity of salt is added, and after 

 it has become well saturated, to coat it with gyp- 

 sum, &c., the efl'ects of which seem to be to pre- 

 vent the escape of moisture which the seed has 

 imbibed, and thus insure its germination and 

 growth A further advantage may be, that the 

 salts impart fertility to the soil which comes in im- 

 mediate contact with the seeds, and causes a more 

 vigorous growth. Such seems to be the philoso- 

 phy upon which Mr. W.'s practice is founded. Wc 

 give the process of preparing the seed in his own 

 words : 



" The seed is to be made thoroughly wet with a 

 strong pickle from your pork cask ; let it remain 

 in a heap one day ; then spread it about one or 

 two inches thick on a dry floor, and in a few days 

 a crust of salt will be formed on each grain. When 

 you wish to sow it, moisten it again with pickle, 

 spread it over a floor, and put on about three quarts 

 or more of plaster to a half bushel of seed ; mix 

 it well, and keep it moist in a cellar until you sow 

 it." — Yankee Far. 



SELECTIONS 

 From the London Hardeners' Chron. (f Jie;rirul. Gaz. 

 To CoRRKSi-oNPENTS. Vines. — " R. W." — The 

 check which takes place at the extremities of your 

 vine shoots after the latter have grown from G to 

 12 feet, is probably occasioned by want ot sufti- 

 cient moisture at the roots. 



Onion*. — " A Subscriber." — Guano is an excel- 

 lent manure for onions. To a bed 20 yards long 

 and 4 feet wide, you may apply 25 lbs. It being 

 of a hot burning nature, must be well mixed with 

 six or seven times its bulk of good light soil. The 

 onions may he sown in drills, about nine or ten in- 

 ches apart, drawn lengthwise of the bed. 



Jhparagus. — For manure, guano mixed with 

 sea-salt, and applied in a liquid form, has proved 

 most beneficial. 



Temperature for Cucumbers in Hot beds. — A 

 thermometer plunged into the mould of the bed, 

 about three inches deep, should indicate 80° of 

 heat, which is a safe temperature for the plants. 



firuit Trees. — "Abdalon." — Your npple.» and 

 pears are for the most part subject to canker They 

 are old varieties. Your soil has doubtless its 

 share in causing the disease ; but you had better 

 get new kinds. If you cannot procure rich loamy 

 soil, the sward of any soil will certainly prove 

 beneficial. We would still advise you to cut 

 away all unsound wood. Lime will bo best ap- 

 plied in a quick state, early in spring. It should 

 be spread over the surface of the ground, and dug 

 or forked in so as not to injure the roots. 



Jlnalysis of the Raspberry. — The following is 

 the analysis of the raspberry, which I extracted 

 from some work, but the authority I neglected to 

 note down : 



Silicic acid, 0.25 



Phosphate of lime, 3.65 



Carbonate of lime, 3.40 



Potash, 5.24 



Soda, 0.50 



Ox. manganese, 1.00 



14.04 

 It was stated that the raspberry most generally 

 springs up where fields had been burnt over, and 

 also by the sides of decomposing stone walls. — 

 )f. P. Keane. 



" Ought Potatoes to he Cut or Planted Whole ?" 

 — I am in the habit of planting five or six acres of 

 potatoes yearly, and for the last two years I have 

 planted the greater part with whole potatoes, and 

 find they produce as good crops as cut seed, with 

 this great advantage — I have scarcely a potato 

 that misses growing ; whereas with cut seed, I 

 have often had a great loss from dry rot. When 

 taking up the general crop, I pick out for my seed 

 potatoes those of a uniform size. I plant in rows 

 two feet apart, and one foot apart in the row, and 

 have had exceedingly good crops. — .4. C. Horn- 

 castle. 



Beware of little expenses- 

 sink a great ship — franklin. 



-a small leak will 



Truthful Sentiment. — We live in the midst of 

 blessings, says a late writer, till we are utterly in- 

 sensible of their greatness and of the source from 

 whence they flow. We speak of our civilization, 

 our arts, our freedom, our laws, and forget how 

 large a portion of all is due to Christianity. Blot 

 Christianity out of the page of man's liistory, and 

 what would our laws have been .' wiiat our civili- 

 zation ? 



