100 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Feb. 



other things, to the prejudice in some of the West- 

 ern States against educated farmers. He thought 

 the farmer could find little or no useless learning, 

 and advocated his studying the Latin and Greek 

 classics, and in fact the classics of all nations, Eng- 

 lish, French, German, &c. 



The time for closing the meeting having passed, 

 Gov. Andrew announced the subject for discussion 

 at the next meeting — Crops, and the Profits and 

 Economy of their Cultivation. Adjourned. 



Fur the New England Farmer, 

 INJURED APPLE TREES. 



Mr. Editor : — I saw an article in your paper 

 from your New Bedford correspondent respecting 

 the loss of his Baldwin apple trees. 



He undoubtedly grew them too fast. When 

 they grow fast, they grow later in the fall, hence 

 the danger of growing them too fast. 



In the winter of 1830-31, thousands of apple, 

 peach and cherry trees were killed. There was no 

 frost to stop their growing, and on the first or sec- 

 ond day of December it froze up tight ; the sap 

 being up, it started the bark and killed thousands 

 of the finest growing trees, and those that grew 

 the most suffered the most. 



Some months since, your Sandy River corres- 

 pondent made inquiry of the reason of his apple 

 trees having been injured on the south side. I 

 have never known apple trees that were properly 

 cared for and judiciously managed, to be injured 

 on the south side. But I have known the difficul- 

 ty take place, and as I have supposed, from three 

 causes. 



1. From want ot nourishment; the body of the 

 tree being exposed to the sun, I have supposed 

 the heat of the sun penetrated through the bark 

 and dried it so as to stop the flow of sap, and the 

 worms always get in. 



2. Cutting off too much ; the same difficulty 

 takes place from an overflow of sap. 



3. When the spi'outs are allowed to fill up the 

 top or middle of the tree, the top branches are de- 

 prived of nourishment, and the same difficulty 

 takes place. I have merely stated the reasons, as 

 they have appeared to me, as the cause of the dif- 

 ficulty spoken of, but I cannot say that I am sure 

 of it. Daniel Leland. 



East Holliston, Dec. 26, 1861. 



American Pomological Society. — We learn, 

 says the Journal, that the President of this na- 

 tional association, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, has 

 appointed September 17, 1862, for the commence- 

 ment of its ninth session, wliich is to be held in 

 Boston. This institution was established in the 

 year 1848, and has held meetings in the cities of 

 New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati and 

 Rochester, and has exerted a powerful influence 

 in systematizing and advancing the science of Po- 

 mology throughout the Union. In conjunction with 

 this appointment, the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society have ordered its annual exhibition for this 

 year to take place on the same week. 



EXTRACTS AND REPLIES. 



CULTURE OF WHITE BEANS. 



Will some of your kind contributors be good 

 enough to give me a little (or a good deal) of in- 

 formation in regard to the cultivation of white 

 beans on the following points, viz : 



1. Are they a tolerably certain crop ? 



2. From what causes are they most liable to 

 suffer injury ? 



3. AVhat kind of soil is best adapted to them ? 



4. What is the most approved method of cul- 

 ture ? 



5. What is the average yield from a bushel of 

 seed? 



This, perhaps, is asking a good deal ; if so, 

 please excuse it. I have never taken the liberty 

 before, but while my hand is in, 



6. I must ask you, as a further favor, to give me 

 the title of a standard work on farming — one that 

 will be a real help to a new beginner. 



A Subscriber to Monthly. 

 Jan. 15, 1862. 



Remarks. — 1. "WTiite beans are very suscepti- 

 ble to frost — aside from this, they are as sure a 

 crop as any we cultivate, when properly managed. 



2. From poor land, want of manure and proper 

 cultivation. The almost universal practice is to 

 crowd the white bean crop off" to some arid sand 

 plain, or gravelly knoll, the poorest piece of land 

 on the farm, throw in a little chip dirt or some- 

 thing equivalent, and then expect a crop of beans ! 

 Fortunately, such expectations are not often veri- 

 fied. On a proper soil, with generous manuring 

 and good attention, a paying crop of white beans 

 may always be expected. When planted early and 

 kept rapidly growing they will rarely be injured 

 by autumnal frosts — indeed, they will usually be 

 fit for harvesting in August. We are not aware 

 that they are injured by insects of any kind except- 

 ing the grub or cut-worm which sometimes at- 

 tacks them. Sometimes a slight rust takes them, 

 but not often, in our climate. 



3. The soil best adapted to their growth is a 

 rich gravelly or sandy loam. In England, it is 

 said, strong clay soils and heavy marls are best — 

 and those may be good if thoroughly drained — 

 but here we think any of our good Indian com 

 land is best. The sandy barrens where they are 

 usually placed, are no better for beans than for 

 our other farm crops. If they are liighly manured, 

 and the season is a moist one, a good crop would 

 probably be the result. 



4. Plant in hills or drills, and leave the rows 

 two and a half or three feet apart, so as to allow 

 of their cultivation with the horse. If the soil is 

 good, and well manured, great care must be ob- 

 served not to seed too highly. If in drill, the 

 ])lants should not stand nearer than six inches 

 of each other — and if in hills, three or four plants 

 are enough. 



5. Do not know. On such land, and with such 



