488 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Oct. 



to undress, to dress over again, to teach, to scold 

 a little, to reck, to cuddle, to put to sleep, to im- 

 agine that something is somebody — all the future 

 of woman is there. Even when musing and prat- 

 tling, while making little wardrobes and little 

 baby clothes, while sewing little dresses, little bod- 

 ices, and little jackets, the child becomes a little 

 girl, the little girl becomes a great girl, the great 

 giri becomes a woman. The hi-st baby takes the 

 place of the last doll. — Victor Hugo. 



DOMESTIC KECEIPTS, 

 To Preserve Crab Apples. — Take off the 

 stem and core them with a penknife, without cut- 

 ting them open. AVeigh a pound of white sugar 

 for each pound of prepared fruit ; put a teacup of 

 water to each pound of sugar ; put it over a mod- 

 erate iire. When the sugar is all dissolved and 

 hot, put the apples in ; let them boil gently until 

 they are clear, then skim thera out and place them 

 on flat dishes. Boil the syrup initil it is thick ; 

 put the fruit in whatever it is to be kept, and when 

 the syrup is cooled and settled, pour it carefully 

 over the fruit. Slices of lemon boiled with the 

 fruit may be considered an improvement ; one 

 lemon is enough for several pounds of fruit. Crab 

 apples may be preserved whole, with only half an 

 inch of the stem on ; three-quartei's of a pound of 

 sugar for each pound of fruit. 



Brown Bread. — The Comptes Rcndus of the 

 French Academy of Sciences of Paris contains a 

 very long paper, which is of some scientific and 

 more practical interest, on the art of making 

 bread. It appears that the bran of ground wheat 

 contains an active principle of ferment, which has 

 hitherto not been rightly understood by chemists, 

 and to which the name of cerealine has now been 

 given. 



This ferment can, we are told in the paper be- 

 fore us, be neutralized by the application of glu- 

 cose, employed in a peculiar way ; and being neu- 

 tralized, the greater part of the bran becomes 

 transformed into good flour. In other words what 

 is called in France bread of the second quality, 

 which the common people are obliged to eat on 

 account of its cheapness, (though they do so with 

 a certain degree of repugnance,) can be done away 

 with, and bread equal to that of the first quality, 

 which is consumed by the better classes, can, with- 

 out increase of expense, be substituted for it. 



Thus the new system seems to bo of great utili- 

 ty, and it is desirable that our bakers should in- 

 quire into it. The bread produced is represented 

 to be very palatable and wholesome. In the course 

 of the experiments which the new ])lan necessitat- 

 ed, a curious chemical fact was discovered — name- 

 ly, that tlie dark color of bread of the second qual- 

 ity is not caused, as has always been supposed, by 

 the presence of bran in the flour, but by a pecu- 

 liar fermentation of the flour. 



Syrup of Lemons. — Clarify three pounds of 

 lump sugar, then pour into the syrup, wliile at 

 weak candy height and boihng, the juice of eigh- 

 teen good lemons and the peel of three, grated. 

 Let it boil together for three minutes, strain it 

 through a lawn sieve, and bottle it. When cold, 

 cork it down tight, to keep for use. This syrup is 

 ready for lemonade, punch, ices, jellies, etc., with- 



CATTLE MARKETS FOB SEPTEMBER. 



The following 13 a summary of the reports for the four weeks 

 ending September 18, 1S62 : 



NUMBER AT MARKET. 



Cattle. 



August 28 2194 



September 4 2492 



" 11.... 2756 

 " 18... .3005 



Sheep and Shvtes and Lire 



Lambs, Pi^'S. Fat Ilogg. 



7593 480 800 



8635 315 1000 



6620 900 1200 



64S4 400 1000 



10,447 



29,332 2095 



PRICES. 



Aug. 28. Sept. 4. 

 Beef cattle, northern,^ lb. 4 ige^ 4 gej 

 Sheep and lambs, in lots.$2i:ff3i $2^fl3| 

 Swine, stores, wholesale. .4^^ 55 4.3'g5^ 



" " retail 5 §6 5 (g6| 



Dressed hogs 4Jn4J (g4j 



Sept. 11. 

 4 @6J 



$2is3i 

 31341 

 4 ,@6 

 3JS4 



4000 



Sept. 18. 

 4 @6i 



$2iS3i 

 4 ® 5 

 4JS5i 

 4(S4j 



Remarks. — Most of the Northern oxen at market, tliis month, 

 were ordinary, grass-fed bullocks, and none have been sold for 

 anything over 63^0 ■tf lb., and only a few pairs at that price. A 

 choice few of the Western steers have been sold for 7c, 2S tt> 32 

 ^ cent, shrink. The butchers generally hope to gain something 

 on the shrinkage allowed for the best Western cattle. A gain of 

 2 #■ cent, on the shrink is nearlyequal to '.jC on the price ^ lb. 



It will be noticed that the number of cattle has increased about 

 300 ^ week, for the last four successive weeks, or from 1649 at 

 market August 21, to 3005 reported September 18. The number 

 of Western cattle has rather declined during this time. The in- 

 crease, therefore, has been in the stock from the North and East, 

 and consists of the lighter quality of beef cattle and of stores, to- 

 gether with not a few animals which do not seem to belong to 

 either class^neither fit for the shambles, the pasture nor the 

 stall, and which make drovers much trouble, as nobody wants 

 to buy them. The poorer qualities of beef have consequently 

 declined in prices, during the month, with an increasing dull- 

 ness in trade. At the same time the first quality of beef has 

 found ready sale and pretty uniform prices. 



The mutton market, so far as live stock is concerned, has been 

 very steady, with many symptoms of improvement, although 

 prices have not materially changed. The price of wool encour- 

 ages farmers to keep sheep instead of cattle. 



Quite a number of working cattle have been sold during the 

 month. Few oxen sold at higher prices which were not good beef. 

 Prices from §55 or $60 to $115 or $120 ^ pair. 



The market for milkers is still considered dull by the dealers, 

 especially for those of ordinary goodness. Really good milch 

 cows, however, sell readily at fair prices. Cows with young 

 calves are sold at all prices from $20 to $50. 



The business at the swine market in Brighton has been small 

 during the past month, and indeed for the last six months. Pur- 

 chasers have been afraid of the disease. 



Postage Stamps. — The United States postage 

 stamps, which are now coming so freely into cir- 

 culation, besides having the amount of their value 

 in figures upon the upper corners, may be readily 

 recognized by their colors and vignettes, which 

 are as follows : — 



Amount. Vignette. Color. 



1 cent Franklin Blue, 



3 cent Washington Pink. 



5 cent IcITersou Chocolate. 



10 cent Washington Green. 



12 cent Washington Black. 



24 cent Washington Lilac 



30 cent Franklin Yellow. 



90 cent Washington Blue. 



I^ Lake Superior copper production has now 

 reached to an amount more than half as great as 

 the Cornwall mines of England. The average pro- 

 duction of the latter is about 13,000 tons ; that of 

 Lake Superior, for liSlU, is 7450 tons. Tlio i"prease 



