1862. 



XEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



497 



erts of Africa are very magnificent ; the raised sand 

 is in wavy and rounded lobes, which have a curl- 

 ing motion, like that of smoke ; and both the apex 

 of the entire ])illnr, and the extremities of the lobes, 

 are shaded oti' to a very indefinite outline. The 

 mirage is another very singular feature of the des- 

 erts. The traveller very freciuently sees rising, as 

 it were, before him, some great city or lovely vil- 

 hige ; he hastens onward, full of eager anticipation 

 to receive refreshment, and ever as he goes, the 

 image recedes from his advancing steps, and he 

 discovers, perhaps, only too late, that it was an 

 image formed by the refraction of the sun's rays 

 in a particular direction, upon an atmosphere 

 somewhat hazy and opaque. 



EXTRACTS AUH REPLIES. 

 POSTPONEMENT OF CATTLE SUOWS. 



"Essex" asks the reasons, pro and cnii, for giv- 

 ing up our catUe shows the present year, as has 

 been done by several societies. I am free to say 

 that I have heard no good reason for so doing. 

 What though our country be agitated by intestine 

 commotion ? What though money be hard to be 

 earned ? What though our young men are need- 

 ed on the battle-field ? These reasons, one and 

 all, are not sufficient to justify the abandonment 

 of the ordinary pursuits of life. On the contrary, 

 much greater is the necessity of pursuing them 

 more strictly. Let the middle-aged be called 

 away, the young must stay to provide for the old 

 and the helpless — the women and the children. 

 In any way you can fix it, three-quarters of the 

 whole will remain at home. The project is a mis- 

 taken one, and will never be entertained for a mo- 

 ment by any sound mind. Away with all such 

 fancy stuff. CandoPv. 



September 12, 1862. 



CURE FOR GARGET IN COWS. 



I have been a constant reader of the Farmer for 

 the last ten years, and am so pleased with it that I 

 have caused quite a number of copies to be circu- 

 lated among our farmers. I would not be Avith- 

 out it for double the expense. 



A question has recently been asked, "What is 

 a cure for garget in cows ?" I feel it my duty to 

 answer this question, and it is a sure remedy : 



1. Take a piece of garget that is good, the size 

 of your little finger, make a deep incision in the 

 brisket of the cow, put in the garget and let it re- 

 main. 



2. Take two pounds of sulphur and one of salt- 

 petre, pulverize the latter and mix them together ; 

 give one table-spoonful twice a day in sliorts or 

 meal, the former preferi-ed ; use up this compound, 

 and I will v/arrant a cure. Ed. Keasor. 



Upper Gilmanton, N. II. 



AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS. 



T percei%-e an effort is making in some quarters 

 to divert attention from these to the more pressing 

 and urgent wants of our country. It would seem 

 to me that both can be duly regarded at the same 

 time. All will admit the imperative necessity of 

 doing everything that can be done for the salva- 

 tion of the institutions of our country in their pu- 

 rity ; but does it follow when we are acting hon- 



estlj' for the advancement of agriculture, we are 

 acting adversely to the best interests of the coun- 

 try ? Far otherw'ise would it seem to me. He 

 who learns how to make two spears of grass, or 

 two ears of corn grow, where but one grew before, 

 is the true patriot — in whatever field he may la- 

 bor. * 

 Sept. 20, 1862. 



MAKING ICE BY MACHINERY. 



The following is an account given in the World 

 of a patent improved ice-making machine, manu- 

 factured by 1). Siebe, Lambeth, London. This 

 machine is in actual use in India and Peru, where 

 it produces ice at the rate of from two and a half 

 to six dollars per ton. The principle upon which 

 the machine is constructed is an application of the 

 well-known natural law, that by evaporating fluids 

 the caloric contained therein passes off with the 

 vapor, thereby reducing the temperature of the 

 evaporating body. In tliis process a volatile fluid 

 steam is used as an evaporating agent ; a power- 

 ful pump forms a vacuum, and in its eftbrts to do 

 so assists the evaporation at a low temperature on 

 the one hand, and by pressure, with the assistance 

 of water at an ordinary temperature, reduces the 

 vapor again to fluid on the other hand, thereby 

 using and re-using the same volatile fluid without 

 loss. No chemicals of any kind are used. To 

 talk about making ice in the United States may at 

 first sight seem absurd. I am not so sure that it 

 is so in all localities and under every condition 

 of things. But there is a purpose to which this 

 ice-making machinery is applied which may be 

 deserving of attention in the United States. It is 

 proposed to cool hospitals by this machinery on 

 the converse principle by which buildings are 

 warmed. It has been proved by experiment that 

 this is practicable, the inside temperature of a 

 chamber having been reduced to within six de- 

 grees of the freezing point, while the thermome- 

 ter outside ranged at 90° Fahrenheit. In the pro- 

 gress of the war something of this sort may be 

 very desirable. The machinery for making a ton 

 of ice at a time might be carried on a large wagon. 



Poverty. — Bulwer says that poverty is only an 

 idea, in nine cases out of ten. Some men with ten 

 thousand dollars a year sufier more for want of 

 means than others with three hundred. The rea- 

 son is, the richer man has artificial wants. His 

 income is ten thousand, and by habit he spends 

 twelve or fifteen thousand, and he suffers enough 

 from being dunned for unpaid debts to kill a sen- 

 sitive man. A man who earns a dollar a day and 

 does not run in debt, is the happiest of the two. 

 Very few people who have never been rich will be- 

 lieve this, but it is as true as God's word. There 

 are people, of course, who are wealthy, and enjoy 

 their wealth, but there arc thousands upon thou- 

 sands, with princely incomes, who never know a 

 moment's ]5eace, because they live above their 

 means. There is really more happiness in the 

 world among working people than among those 

 who are called rich. 



Beecher says : "Never chase a lie. Let it 

 alone and it will chase itself to death. I can work 

 out a good character much faster than any one 

 can lie me out of it." 



