1867. 



NEW ENGLAND FARRIER. 



51 



with the tops spread far enough apart to pre- 

 vent the vines from running from one pole to 

 the other, and to make the tops of the poles in 

 the yard an equal distance from each other. 



The next thing is to plough, commencing in 

 the centre between the rows, and turning the 

 furrows from the hill until you get near enough 

 to each row, then turn and plough the furrow 

 the other way ; after that reverse the furrow, 

 turning toward the hill ; the rest can be done 

 with the cultivator or hoe, keeping the ground 

 clean and mellow. Put the vines around the 

 poles from right to left, and tie with the yarn 

 ravelled from an old stocking. This is full of 

 kinks and will stretch and not damage the vine 

 as it grows. The hops are generally ready to 

 pick the last of August or first of September. 

 From ten to fifteen hundred pounds is the yield 

 per acre." 



PKOVOST MARSHAL GENEBAL'S RE- 

 PORT. 



The report of this officer which has just ap- 

 peared, is full of interesting statistics. The to- 

 tal enrollment under the Act of March 3 (the 

 year is not given), was, in the loyal States, 

 2,264,063 men, not including 1,000,516 then 

 under arras. Under the Bureau 1,120,621 

 men were raised at a cost of $9.84 per man. 

 Before the Bureau was organized, 1,356, .593 

 cost $34.01 per man. The deserters arrested 

 and returned to the army numbered 76,526. 

 As to desertion the rej^ort says : 



It appears, beyond dispute, that the crime 

 of desertion is especially characteristic of 

 troops from large cities, and of the districts 

 which they supply with recruits. The ratio 

 per thousand of desertion to credits through- 

 out the loyal States is 62.51. In the State of 

 New York it rises to 89.06, and in the small 

 States near New York City it is still higher. 

 In New Jersey it is 107 ; in Connecticut, 117.- 

 23 ; in New Hampshire 112.22. Yet the gen- 

 eral ratio of New England is but 74.24; the 

 ratio of Massachusetts being 66.68, that of 

 Vermont 51.75, and that of Maine 4.390. In 

 the West, where large cities are rare, the av- 

 erage ratio sinks to 45.51. 



It is probable that a more minute examina- 

 tion of the statistics of the anny than has yet 

 been made, would reveal the fact that deser- 

 tion is a crime of foreign, rather than native 

 birth, and that but a small proportion of the 

 men who forsook then' colors were Americans. 

 It is a notorious circumstance that the great 

 mass of the professional bounty-jumpers were 

 Europeans. In general, the manufacturing 

 States, as, for instance, Massachusetts, Con- 

 necticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New 

 Jersey, rank high in the column of desertion ; 

 and this result is to be attributed not only to 

 the fact that such States are dotted with towns 

 and cities, but to the secondary fact that these 

 towns and cities are crowded with foreigners. 

 The respectable and industrious part of this 



population did, indeed, produce a mass of 

 faithi'ul troops ; but with these were mixed a 

 vast number of adventurers, unworthy of any 

 country, who had no alfection for the Republic, 

 and who enlisted for money. 



It is singular, and at first sight, a puzzling 

 fact, that two extreme AVestern States, Kansas 

 and California, are distinguished, respectively, 

 by the higji ratios in desertions of 117.54 and 

 101 .86. But it must be remembered that more 

 than half the male population of Kansas en- 

 terecl the service, and that, consequently, its 

 contingent contained an unusually large per- 

 centage of men whose presence was necessary 

 to the subsistence and protection of their fam- 

 ilies. In further explanation of this fact, 

 something may be attributed to a lax state of 

 discipline natural in border regiments, serving 

 for the most part in a somewhat irregular de- 

 fence of their own frontiers. As for Califor- 

 nia, it is to be observed that a portion of the 

 contingent of that State consisted of men levied 

 in the large cities of the East, or of adventurers 

 from all quarters of the globe collected in the 

 cosmopolitan thoroughfares of San Francisco. 



The most fruitful source of casualties in the 

 regular army is desertion ; it reaches the high 

 ratio of 244.25 per thousand, while in the vol- 

 imteers it is but 62.51. The inference is irre- 

 sistible that the men who enlisted in the regu- 

 lar service were far inferior in character to the 

 troops furnished by the States ; and it will 

 probably be found, on examination, that they 

 were more commonly levied in the large cities, 

 and embraced a far larger proportion of for- 

 eigners. The regular service did not secure 

 that noble class of native-born soldiers which 

 local pride and State patriotism poui'ed into the 

 volunteer organizations. 



The casualties of the entire military force of 

 the nation during the war of the rebellion, as 

 shown by the official muster rolls and monthly 

 returns have been compiled, showing, among 

 other items, 5221 commissioned officers, and 

 90,868 enlisted men killed in action, or died 

 of wounds while in service ; 2321 commissioned 

 officers, and 182,329 enlisted men who died 

 from disease or accident ; making an aggregate 

 of 280,739 officers and men of the army who 

 lost their lives in service. 



From carefully prepared tables, it appears 

 the proportion per thousand which each loyal 

 State, or group of States, furnished to the 

 mortality list was as follows : Maine, 44.37 ; 

 New Hampshire, 44.27 ; Vermont, 58.22 ; 

 Massachusetts, 47.76; Rhode Island, 22.34; 

 Connecticut, 35.48 ; New York, 35.68 ; New 

 Jersey, 25,21; Pennsylvania, 31.75; Dela- 

 ware, 25.63; Maryland, 17.04; District of 

 Columbia, 3.62 ; Ohio, 36,55 ; Indiana, 30.01 ; 

 Ilhnois, 34.80 ; Michigan, 44.82 ; Wisconsin, 

 42.01; Minnesota, 25.33; Iowa, 45.44; Kan- 

 sas, 61.01; Cahfornia, 12.34; West Virginia, 

 37.90; Kentucky, 25.10; Mis.souri, 21.74. 



The general average for the groups of States 

 was as follows : New England States, 44.76 ; 



