262 



NEW ENGLAND FAEJNIER. 



Junk 



perienee ; or at least a more careful eye. Most 

 all sawed shingles have a rough side, and a 

 smooth one, i. e., they are sawn from the bolt 

 somewhat across the grain of the wood ; the 

 grains lapping one over the other on the sides 

 of the shingles should be laid so that the water 

 will run over and not into them as it flows from 

 the roof; in other words, lay them "right side 

 up with care." If perfectly dry, they should 

 be laid about one-eighth of an inch apart, to 

 give them room to swell in wet weather ; and 

 should have but one nail in each shingle. 

 Here is where most persons fail. In nailing, 

 it is often said that we cannot nail shingles too 

 well. "That's so," Messrs. Editors, but we 

 can, and there is danger of nailing sawed shin- 

 gles too much. Where they are naUed down 

 too close they retain moisture, and conse- 

 quently rot sooner than they would if one nail 

 only were used in each shingle, which gives 

 them a chance to curl up a little, and admit 

 the air to circulate on the under side. _ I have 

 had much experience, not only in Maine, but 

 in other States, in this matter of shingling, and 

 I find that the most practical or experienced 

 builders prefer the aliove method of laying 

 loosely, all kinds of sawed shingles. To make 

 the most durable roof with such materials, I 

 would have it first covered with narrow boards, 

 put about three inches apart, across the rafters 

 and then lay the shingles on them as I have 

 described, and I doubt not that it will pay to 

 immerse them in lime-water, as suggested by 

 Mr. Mansur. — C. Butterjield, in Me. Farmer. 



RAISING PEAR TREES. 



Dr. Van Moxs, of Belgium, has written a 

 letter to a correspondent of the Magazine of 

 EorticuUure, in which he describes a new 

 mode of obtaining pear trees, wliich if reliable, 

 will result in increasing the number of trees 

 indefinitely. We suggest to all who are trans- 

 planting pear trees to make experiments ac- 

 cording to the process described below, as it 

 will cost little or nothing to do so. 



But if the fact be, as he describes, why have 

 not hundreds of us who haw been digging up 

 pear trees for the last twenty years, and leav- 

 ing portions of their roots in the ground, found 

 them springing up and making fine trees ? Let 

 us try it. The Dr. says : — 



"I now propagate for myself and intimate 

 friends the most choice varieties of pears, 

 which 1 obtain by means of the roots. Not a 

 single one fails in this new process. It is im- 

 material in what manner thisy are set out. 

 This nutliod 1 discovered accidentally, in con- 

 setiuence of some roots on which 1 intended to 

 graft other kinds of pears, being thrown on 

 the ground and covered with a little earth, to 

 preserve them until used lor that purpose, and 

 which were lost sight of and forgotten until 



the next spring, when all of them sent up 

 stocks, which, in the autumn, were as tall as 

 those raised from the seed of two years' 

 growth. They can be set out in the spring as 

 well as autumn. If I had sooner known this 

 method, I should not have lost a single one of 

 my new varieties of pears, for roots could have 

 been taken from all the kinds in my large plan- 

 tation at the time of its destruction. 



Such roots should be selected as have one 

 or more terminal fibres, and those that are 

 often cut off or left in the earth when a tree is 

 transplanted succeed well. They cannot be 

 too small, but should not be larger than the 

 finger. The wounds at the large ends of the 

 roots should be covered with the same compo- 

 sition to protect them, as in grafting. They 

 must be set obliquely." 



^VOOL TARIFF. 

 The following, we believe, is a correct state- 

 ment of the comparative rates of the tariff of 

 June 30, 1864, and of the new act of March 

 2, 1867. 



Old Rates. New Rates. 

 Clothing Wools, value ) 3 j^^ 



12 cts. ]ir lb. or less. ) ^ 



Clotbiiig Wools, value \ 



over 12 cts. and not S 6 cts. per lb I 10 cts. per ID. ana 



over 24 cts. > | 11 per ct. ad val. 



Clotbing Wools, value ^ j^ ^ j^^ I 



over 24 cts. and not ^^qI^ 



over 6Z cts. ) '■ } 



Clothing Wools, value ) 12 cts. per lb ) 12 cts. per lb. and 



over 32 cts. per lb. ( and 10 pr ct. \ 10 per ct. ad val. 



'''ITllc'IrTe^s ^e!- lb* | ^ ctB. per lb j 3 cts. perpound. 



^ o^^r lYcttpJ-^'lb*' i 6 <=*«• P- 1^ I « ^'^- P- P--d- 



*Carpet Wools, as Donskoi and other Russian, Cor- 

 dova or Spanish, Valparaiso, Egyptian and East India 

 Wools compare as above. 



Combing Wools, as Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire, 

 Canada Long Wools, Alpaca and Goat's Hair, compare 

 precisely as Clothing Wools. 



In reply to a correspondent who criticises 

 the new law rather severely, and who says "it 

 must take a pretty fine sight to see where the 

 great advantage to the wool groAver of the new 

 tariff act comes in," the editor of the Ohio 

 Farmer advances the following facts and fig- 

 ures in justification of a more hopeful view of 

 the subject : 



Of the 56,000,000 pounds of wool imported 

 in 1866, only about 150,000 lbs. or less than one 

 pound in oOO, cost over 2-1 cents per lb. in the 

 port whence exported ; tlierefbre, nearly all 

 tiie wool imported last year paid but ;> to 6 cts. 

 per lb. duty. Mestiza, all fine South Ameri- 

 can wools, imported in 1866, cost in Buenos 

 Ayres 10 cents per lb., and paid a duty of 3 

 cents per lb. Wools from the Cape of (iood 

 Hope cost about 14 cents per lb., and paid 6 

 cents per lb. duty; these two classes compris- 

 ing nearly \ of all the wool imported. The 

 old tariil', fixing the duty at 10 cents per lb. 

 and 10 per cent, ad valorem, on wools costing 



