1867. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



543 



Sixteen Cows— From Oct. 27 to Nov, 16. 



The Bisteen cows, in this trial, gave 146.40 lbs of milk 

 daily. lu 20 days their yield was 2,928 tts. The cost of 

 keeping, for each cow, was the same as in the last trial, 

 making, for sixteen cows, $22.88 for 20 days. Cost of 

 milk, a fraction over 7.81 cents the gallon of ten lbs. 

 The gain of weight was 433 lbs. 



Eleven Cows— From Nov, 16 to Dec, 6. 

 Eleven cows, in this trial, gave, daily, 100.08 fcs of 

 milk, or in ro days, 2,001.60 lbs. The same cows con- 

 sumed, the httcen first days, while at grass, 1,32C lbs of 

 corn stover, and in the five days in the barn, they con- 

 Bumed 1,059 lbs of corn stover. In 20 days thev con- 

 sumed — 



2,379 00 lbs corn stover, estimated |c 4f lb . . . . $11 89 

 15 days iu pasture, estimated 7c ^ day 11 55 



Cost of keeping eleven cows 20 days . . . .$23 54 

 Cost of milk, in this trial, 11.71 cents the gallon often 

 fta. Gain iu weight 86 lbs in 2d days. 



Seven Cows— From Dec. 6 to 26. 



_ Seven cows, iu this trial, gave daily, 61.01 lbs of milk: 

 in 20 days thoir yield was 1 200.20 lbs. They consumed— 

 2,754.1)0 lbs husks and corn stalks ic #■ lb , . . ,$13 77 

 2,800.0u lbs roots (t carrots and i ruta bagas,) Jc #" lb 14 00 



Whole cost of keeping seven cows 20 days . $27 77 

 Cost of milk in this trial, 22.75 cents the gallon often 

 fts. Loss of weight in 20 days 38 lbs. 



Kecapitulation of the Eighteen Trials, 



Number of days embraced in all the trials ... 360 



Average number of cows milked daily 15.72 



Whole gain in weight of all the cows 3,43o' 



Whole loss in weight of all the cows 2,010 



Balance of gain 1420 



Average milk daily from each cow, in lbs . . . '. '. 15 84 

 Total flow of milk fr.ini all the cows in fcs . . 89,643.23 



Total cost of feed of all the cows $759 30 



Total cobt of feedr gallon of milk of ten lbs . , .08.47 



Daily cost of keeping each cow in barn 24.30 



Daily cost of keeping each cow at past4.ire . . . ,07.15 

 Daily cost, five days in barn, fifteen in pasture . . 10 65 

 Daily cost of keeping each cow during all the trials 13 41 

 Average number of days after calving .... 144 11 



In this country, the cultivation of wheat on 

 old lands ia often found less profitable than 

 some other common crops. As most of the 

 mineral ingredients requisite for the vigorous 

 and healthy development of the plants have 

 been exhausted by previous crops, the straw, 

 as well as the grain, suffers for want of the 

 needed aliment, and is, of course, imperfect in 

 its structure, and consequently liable to disease. 



By liming old lands, or dressing them liber- 

 ally with ashes, in conjunction with a moder- 

 ate dressing of putrescent animal or vegetable 

 manures, they may be made to produce good 

 wheat and at small expense. The action of 

 the lime and ashes, if supplied in sufficient 

 quantities, tends to render soluble the other- 

 wise insoluble phosphates contained in the soil, 

 and also to hasten, to a considerable extent, 

 the fermentation of insoluble humus, Silex, 

 or the earth of flint, so essential iu the forma- 

 tion of wheat straw, is likewise decomposed 

 and rendered susceptible of appropriation and 

 assimilation by the action of both mineral and 

 vegetable alkalies— lime and ashes. 



FRANCE A WHEAT COUNTBY. 

 According to the Eevue des Economistes, 

 the entire extent of surface appropriated in 

 France to the cultivation of wheat, is two 

 thousand eight hundred leagues. Of every 

 hundred acres appropriated to cultivation in 

 that country, forty are devoted to this grain. 

 It is asserted that the quantity of wheat pro- 

 duced in France exceeds the aggregate pro- 

 duct of the same grain in the British Isles, 

 Sweden, Poland, Holland, Prussia and Spain, 

 The annual consumption of wheat per head, 

 on an average, in France, is between six and 

 seven bushels ; in the British Isles, between 

 five and six bushels ; in Spain, between four 

 and five ; in Holland, between two and three ; 

 in Prussia much less, and in Poland and Swe- 

 den comparatively little. 



Spain, next to France, is the greatest wheat 

 growing country in Europe. Her soil is al- 

 most equally as fertile, and abounds in those 

 mineral ingredients upon the presence of which 

 in the soil, the success of the wheat crop is in 

 a great measure found to depend. 



For the Kew England Farmer. 

 CHEMICAL TEHMS.— No. V. 

 Stdphur is an article familiarly known. It 

 is very combustible. At a temperature a little 

 above that of boiling water, it is melted and 

 converted into a brown fluid. When in this 

 fluid state, it is easily crystalized. If sulphur 

 is heated to about four times the temperature 

 of boiling water, it boils and is converted into 

 a brownish vapor,— sulphur fumes,— thus show- 

 ing that it is volatile. If these fumes are con- 

 ducted through a tube into a jar, which is kept 

 cold by water or ice, they are condensed in 

 the form of a soft yellow powder, known as 

 flowers of sulphur. This process by which a 

 volatile substance is evaporated, and again 

 condensed into a solid is called sublimatTon, 

 In this way sulphur is purified from the earthy 

 matters which are found with it in its native 

 beds. These, not being volatile, are left be- 

 hind after the process of sublimation. 



If sulphur be heated in the open air, or 

 touched with a red hot body, it burns with a 

 blue flame. During this process, one part of 

 sulphur unites with two parts of oxygen, and 

 forms a gas, called sulphurous acid. Then if 

 one part more of oxygen be added to this gas, 

 it becomes a liquid, the common sulphw-ic acid, 

 or oil of vitriol, as it is called, from its heavy 

 oily consistence. The weight of common con- 

 centrated sulphuric acid is to water as 184 to 

 100. Sulphuric acid is very important in the 

 arts and in agriculture. It is manufactured 

 on a large scale, by converting sulphurous acid 



