1870. 



NEW ENGLAND FAR:MER- 



29 





RUSTIC GATEWAY AND LOUNGE. 



The good workman, it is said, never com- 

 plains of his tools. A trained artist will draw 

 a tolerable likeness of any object with pen and 

 ink, a common lead pencil, a bit of charcoal, 

 or a heated poker. Why, then, may not far- 

 mers and gardeners employ the materials 

 within their reach to express their sense of the 

 beautiful ? Why should they resort to painted 

 boards whenever they wish to build an orna- 

 mental gate, bridge, or seat ? Even our house- 

 builders and furniture makers have discovered 

 that the natural veins or fibres of wood, even 

 of our own bird's-eye maple, are fully equal to 

 the more expensive imitations of the "grain- 

 ers." Why may not, then, the gnarled trees, 

 the crooked sticks and roots, so abundant on 

 our premises, be made to express an idea of 



These plans are not working models, but sim- 

 ply outlines, to be varied and filled up accord- 

 ing to circumstances, the materials on hand 

 and the taste of the builder. In many places 

 such structures would look better, and more 

 harmonious than elaborate carpenter work and 

 gaudy paint, however expensive. 



RL"3TIC BRIDGE. 



the mind as well as subserve a more practical 

 purpose ? 



To illustrate this principle we copy this 

 month from the Rural New Yorker a plan of a 

 gateway designed to separate the garden from 

 the lawn or front yard, in connection with a 

 rustic side seat, and also of a bridge over a 

 brook or ditch. The bridge is made by spring- 

 ing poles and fastening the ends on each bank. 



CHEESE FACTORY APPARATUS. 

 In reply to an inquiry for the cost of the 

 implements, &c., to manufacture 300 or 400 

 gallons of milk per day into cheese, Mr. X. A. 

 Willard says in the Western Rural : — 



I. A vat holding 500 gallons with heater 



underneath will cOst at the manufactory about 



$200. The above price will include smoke 



pipe, elbow, whey strainer, syphon, etc. For 



curd knife, presses, and hoops, say 



$50 to $00 more. 



II. It is not customary in New York 

 State for manufacturers to purchase 

 the milk used in cheese manufacture. 

 The manufacturer usually has no pe- 

 .' " cuniary interest in the milk. lie is 



employed at a salary, or at a fixed rate 

 per pound of cured cheese. When the 

 manufacturer works by the pound, he 

 gets from sixty-three to seventy-five 

 cents per hundred pounds (cured chfese), 

 and furnishes all the labor for manufacturing, 

 care of cheese, &c., furnishing also his own 

 board and that of his assistants. Wiien a 

 cheese maker is employed at a salary, board, 

 &c., are usually-furnished by the proprietor, 

 who also employs whatever other hel]) is re- 

 quired. 



The salaries of cheese makers vary accoid- 

 ing to their skill, and the amount of bu^ines8 

 to be done. In large factories the head 





