670 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER; 



Dec. 



acres, or that are under fifty acres each, some 

 idea may be had as to whether the farming is 

 as productive in its results as in other sections. 

 If we have figured correctly, the average pro- 

 duct per acre in 186-t amounted to some $24. 

 The highest annual produLit of cheese sold 

 from the county has been a little above 

 18,000,000 pounds. In l8Gi the cheese crop 

 was only a little over 13,000,000 pounds. 



AMOUNT OF BUTTER IN MILK. 



With the view of learning the amount of 

 bu<tt;r to be obtained from a given quantity of 

 milk, I have recently tried the following ex- 



Seriment at my creamery in Oaondago County, 

 I. Y., whtre I receive milk from thi'ee hun- 

 dred cows. 



The milk delivered at the factory on Satur- 

 day evening, July 30th, and Sunday morning, 

 July 31st, amounting to 5729 pounds, as soon 

 as received, was run into deep cooler pails, 

 and these were set into the tank of spring 

 water. The temperature of this water is main- 

 tained at a uniform temperature of 53 degrees 

 by the introduction of an inch stream of water 

 from the spring. 



In this vat the pails remained for about 

 thirty hours, when they were removed in 

 order that, by a free exposure to the atmos- 

 phere, the milk might be soured. It might 

 have produced a better result if the pails had 

 been allowed to remain immersed in the water 

 until the milk became loppered, but we feared 

 that so long an exposure of. the milk and 

 cream to such a degree of cold would cause a 

 bitterness cf flavor to the cream and the butter 

 made therefrom. * 



When about forty-eight hours old, the milk 

 having soured and thickened, the cream was 

 removed and kept until the next day. On 

 Wednesday churning was done in large dash 

 churns operated by steam power. From this 

 5729 pounds of milk there was produced 232 

 pounds of butter. This shows an average of 

 21 G9-100 pounds of milk as being required 

 for a poundof batter, very closely meeting 

 the opinion generally held, that two and a half 

 times as much milk is used in making a pound 

 of bu ter as in producing a pound of Ctieese 

 At the season of the year above named a yield 

 of one pound of cured cheese from ten pounds 

 of milk is very satisfactory. This would 

 have produced 573 pounds of cured cheese 

 from the milk used in this experiment, which 

 gave me 232 pounds of butter. 



Chees3 at that time was worth 14 cents a 

 pound. Butter to pay as well as cheese at 

 tbis price, would need to sell at fully 35 cents 

 a pound, allowing that the material used in 

 miking ai'.d packing butter cost one half cent 

 per pound more than those required for 

 cheese. 



From this loppered milk, which in my case, 

 went to the pigs, there is sometimes made a 

 kind of cheese used mainly by the German 



Jews. The curd is heated to a high temper- 

 ature, is not salted, but is placed in small bags 

 holding about one-hilf a pound, and subjected 

 to moderate and long continued pressure. 

 When removed from this pressure, the cheese 

 is cone shaped, two sides being flattened, salt 

 is rubbed upon the outside and the curing is 

 done in a cool damp place, as is the case with 

 Limburg cheese. There is small demand for 

 this kind of cheese, and if there was a large 

 demand, the prejudice of the Jews will allow 

 them to eat only that which Jewi-h hands havg 

 made. — Gardner B. Weeks, Syracuse, N. Z., 

 in Western Rural. 



FALL MANAGEMENT OF BEES. 



All honey for market shoulfj go this month. 

 Any honey leaking from the glass boxes should 

 be wiped away before packing. Paste heavy 

 paper over the opening, to keep out dust and 

 insects. The cases to carry it in should be 

 small, holding about fifty pounds, as men- 

 tioned last monih. Boxes should not be 

 packed one on the other, and the cases, in- 

 stead of being just twenty-six inches long, by 

 a foot wide, may be made to suit the size of 

 box, varying from that length, if need be, 

 one inch or two wider or long^er. An exact 

 fit should be made so that no sliding can take 

 place in the cases. In handling, never allow 

 the case to drop, even one inch, never slide it 

 on the floor, allowing it to strike on something 

 solid, breaking the combs, ruining their 

 beauty, and wasting the honey. Give the 

 carriers to understand that these things rnust 

 be observed, and if they are, it will go safely. 

 Send by canal when practical. Until bee- 

 keepers are convinced of the necessity of re- 

 moving all infected colonies by this time in 

 the season at least, we must expect a continu- 

 ation of the spread of the disease. We will 

 not discuss its origin ; we know it is conta- 

 gious; we know too if put out of the way oa 

 its first appearance, that it cannot spread. 

 Bees must not be allowed access to a particle 

 of the contents of such hive until purified. 

 The hive may be cleansed for further use by 

 thorough scalding or exposure to the weather 

 for one winter. Those who wish to get their 

 bees in larger hives can do it better now than 

 in severe cold weather. It is much less 

 trouble to transfer than one without experi- 

 ence would suppose. 



The experience the past summer, of Hazen, 

 Novice, Hetherington, and Quinby & Root, 

 indicates that if our bees pay us liberally, we 

 must be liberal to them. Provide plenty of 

 room, convenient of access, which room we 

 propose to supply with furniture in sh;ipe of 

 artificial comb ready for use, never doubting 

 that our industrious little friends will bhow 

 their sense of indebtedness, by immediately 

 acceding and using it to the best advantage. 



Our bee-men, with small means that can af- 

 ford room for only a few combs and bees. 



