626 



KEW EXGLAIH) FARA£ER. 



Nov, 



Lacekated "Wounhs are those in -which 

 the skin and otlier tissues are more or less 

 torn and displaced . They bleed much less 

 than incised wounds, but ia other respects 

 they are far more serious, being more liable 

 to intlame and slough and occasion constitu- 

 tional disturbance. 



The treatment should consist: 1. in re- 

 straining the hemorrhage by the several means 

 recommended for incited wounds ; 2. in re- 

 moving all foreign bodies ; 3. in bringing the 

 parts together as well as may be, albeit there 

 should be no straining with plasters or tight 

 bandages. A cloth dipped in cold water, or 

 a soft poultice, or a puj)py fomentation, may 

 be applied to the wound, according to the 

 feelings of the patient ; and rest, a low 

 unstimulating diet, and a proper attention to 

 the bowels, should be strictly observed. 



Contused Wounds are caused by some 

 blunt instrument, applied with such a degree 

 of force as to break down and destroy the 

 vitality of the tissues. The process of restora- 

 tion is, therefore, (juite different from that 

 which takes place after incised and lacerated 

 wounds. Intlammation, to a considerable ex- 

 tent, must be produced ; sloitr/hing or the sep- 

 aration of dead parts by a process of ulcera- 

 tion will take place, and granulations will 

 arise to fill up the canities occasioned by these 

 separations. 



The treatment of this class of wounds should 

 consist in facilitating the separation of the 

 contused parts by fomentations, poultices, and 

 the like, until the sloughing or sepa,rating 

 process is completed ; and then the fomenta- 

 tions and poidtices must be abandoned, and 

 the parts approximated by adhesive plaster. 

 The wound should now be dressed -with simple 

 cerate, or a salve composed of resin, five 

 ounces : lard, eight ounces ; yelloiv wax, two 

 ounces. The bowels should be kept regular, 

 and if the constitution becomes much debili- 

 tated, wine and other tonics, with a generous 

 and imtritious diet, must be employed. 



ruxcTin?ED Wounds are such as are 

 caused by sharp pointed instruments, like 

 needles, nails, ba.yonets, &c ; and are justly 

 esteemed the most dangerous of all simple 

 wounds. Their treatment should consist in 

 arresting inordinate hemorrhage, if it exists, 

 by the means already described, or by plugging 

 the wound with lint, rags or other similar sub- 

 stances ; and in the prevention of inliamraa- 

 tion by rest, a plain simple diet, purgatives, 

 cold affusions, &c. If, however, as is fre- 

 quently the case, there is much severe pain, 

 nurm wafer or vapor will be the best local 

 application until the pain has abated. 



Poisoned Wounds are those caused by 

 the sting of bees, wasps and other insects ; 

 the bite of the rattlesnake, copperhead, and 

 other venomous reptiles ; the bite of mad 

 dogs, and other rabid animals ; and the prick- 

 ing or cutting of the hands with knives and 



other instruments used in the dissection of 

 dead bodies. 



For the sting of bees and other poisonous 

 insects, cold wet clay, a piece* of moistened 

 tobacco, or a little diluted aqua ammonia, are 

 excellent remedies. 



For the bites of serpents and other veno- 

 mous reptiles, the first thing to be done is to 

 aj)ply a lifjaturc tightly about the limb as near 

 to the wound as possible, and behceen it and 

 the heart. Then cut out the bitten part, and 

 suck the wound, bathing it freely to encourage 

 bleeding. But if a aipping-gJass be at hand, 

 that instrument should be applied over the 

 wound for a few minutes, when it must be 

 taken off, and the bitten part removed with 

 a knife. The glass should then be re-applied, 

 in order to promote the flow of blood. The 

 internal remedies proper in such cases, are 

 powerful stimulants, such as brandy or other 

 spirituous licjuors, ammonia, &c. 



Gunshot Wounds are such as are caused 

 by the discharge or bursting of fire arms. 

 They combine the characteristics of both con- 

 tused and punctured wounds, and should 

 therefore be treated on the same general prin- 

 ciples. 



It is not presumed that everj' person will 

 regard himself as competent to treat all sorts 

 of woimds in the human subject. None but 

 educated surgeons should attempt to manage 

 those of a severe character ; and yet, all per- 

 sons ought to know what are the general prin- 

 ciples of treatment, and what to do in an 

 emergency ; and all farmers should be quali- 

 fied and prepared to treat successfully the 

 wounds from which their domestic animals 

 are liable to suffer. J. H. Stedjian. 



West Brattleboro, Vt., 1871. 



LATE SWARMS. 



Every bee-keeper who allows his bees to 

 swarm naturally will have more or less late 

 swarms — swarms that will not gather suflicient 

 honey to winter on. If such swarms are hived 

 and not rnn back into the parent stocks, they 

 will of course make several cards of comb, 

 gather a small amount of honey, and the queen 

 will lay more or less eggs. Hence in the fall 

 there will be some brood in the combs, some 

 honey, and all the requirements on a small 

 scale for the building up of a good colony : 

 but the honey harvest being past, they cannot 

 labor, and must all perish during winter. 



The question is — what is the best way to 

 dispose of the late swarms ? Some will say 

 they should always be run back into the pa- 

 rent stocks ; but it is not always done. The 

 bee-keeper has been exceedingly busy, and 

 has found it less trouble to put them into an 

 empty hive, and when fall comes he has sev- 

 eral stocks in the condition described above. 

 Others would advise the taking up of such 

 stocks and using the honey ; but the small 

 amount of honey will not pay for the waste of 



