58 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



Vol 1. 



(iardfu IK'Cbi. 



Common Long Mood. — This variety is most com- 

 monly cultivated and well known. When true and 

 perfect, the roots are of good size, long, smooth, and 

 of a uniform dark red color outside and within. — 

 From some causes, however, not well understood, it is 

 very opt to degenerate, and lose its t:uo form and color, 

 even when great rains are taken in the selection of 

 roots for seed. So that it is extremely difficult to ob- 

 tain seed of perfect quality. 



lA>na Dark Blood. — This beautiful variety was first 

 seen by the subscriber in the London market, last Sep- 

 tember. It is there suld principally for garnishing dish- 

 es of meat. &c., on the tabic, on account of its rich 

 deep color. The roots are not quite as large or as 

 long as the comnnn long blood: but the lleah is finer 

 and of a mnch deeper color. The tops and lenves nre 

 mall, and of uniform deep red color. A good supply 

 of the seed was obtained, and it is believed it will prove 

 a valuable acquisition to our gardens. 



Superb Dark Blood. — This seed was obtained at 

 the Highland Society's .Agricultural Museum and 

 Seed Store, Edinburgh. It is said to be still darker 

 than the preceding; roots and tops rather smaller. 



Enrhj Bnssano Beet. — This is an entirely new vari- 

 ety, the seed of which is from the same source as the 

 last. The roots are round or turnip-shaped; of a bright 

 red color outside, and pure while within; fleeli fine, 

 sweet and tender. It is of q\iick growth, and will 

 probably be found a very superior early beet. 



EnrUj Blood Turnip. — This variety is pretty well 

 kinwn in this section, aiul generally esteemed for ear- 

 ly tabic use, The roots are short and round, of fin'? 

 texture and deep blood color. Unlike most of the ear- 

 ly bests, this variety is not apt to become hard or 

 sticky, but is equally good for late or early use. 



Eiirhj Long lied. — This is a very handsome and 

 good early beet, well calculated for market gardeners. 

 The roots are large, long, and of a bright red color, 

 but arc apt to be:ome coarse and hard when old or 

 overgrown. 



Early lied Scarcitij — Similar to the preceding; but 

 rather earlier, and not quite so long and handsome. 



Earhj While Scarcity. — Like the while sugar, but 

 more early, rniher smaller, and of finer texture — ex- 

 cellent for greens and early use. 



I>!irge White Green Top Carrot. 



This is a new variety of the Carrot, recently intro- 

 duced (rom France. The roots are large, smooth, and 

 white, exce|)ting the up|)er part, which stands out of 

 tho ground, and is green. I first saw them at the 

 Horticultural Exhibition at Canterbury, (Eng. ) where 

 a premium was awarded them. Mr. C. N. Bemcnt 

 exhibited half a dozen of these carrots at the Albany 

 Horticultural Fair, Inst fall, where a preinium was 

 awarded them. They are said to be sweet and good 

 for the table, and they will probably prove a valuable 

 kind for stock. 



Long Altriiisrham Carrot. 



When genuine, this is a largo handsome carrot, and 

 in England is commonly considered the moat profitable 

 kind. The roots arc of a finer texture than the 

 orange variety, and have a smaller heart. The upper 

 part of the roots grow above the surface of the ground, 

 and are of a greenish color. This variety is very apt 

 to sport and degenerate, so that it is difficult to ob- 

 tain it genuine, even when care is taken to lelect the 

 roots for seed. 



New Species of Birds and Quadrupeds. 



Many of our readers will recollect the notices 

 which appeared from time to time in the Genesee 

 Farmer, relative to the enterprising young naturalist, 

 John I(. Ti>inn..tcnd, who went in company with 

 Professor Nullall up tho Missouri, and across the 

 Rocky M>unlain9 to the Western Coast, visiting the 



Sandwich Islands on their way home. He has since 

 published a volume of Travels, but the number of co- 

 pies printed was too limited to supply the demand, 

 and we have failed to procure one. A letter written 

 about lw6 years ago by one of his friends, however, 

 mmediately after a visit to this distinguished traveller, 

 is now lying before us, from vshich we learn the fol- 

 lowing particulars: — 



"I saw two Condors which he had killed and (k'U- 

 ncd — they are male and t'enmle. The male meiAires 

 twelve feel" across the wingo — the other nine feeu — 

 Except a young one, these are the first specimens bro't 

 to this country. 1 also saw some fine wolf skins of a 

 new species, and various other (juadrupcds. He discov- 

 ered about t/tirty new species of birds on the Western 

 Con.-il and on the islarids. Twelve of these have been 

 figured by Audubon in his splendid work on Ornithol- 

 ogy, but the descriptions were written by J. K. T., 

 wlio has forwarded twelve more new species. 



"Near Fort William, on a branch of the Columbia 

 river, he saw a inummy, and her preservation was 

 complete, although she had been suspended on a large 

 tree for twenty years iti a canoe. 



*'Among--it a great variety of accoutrements and 

 uttneils, I saw a splendid dress of bird-skins and fea- 

 thers, beautiful stone pipes carved out ot a kind of 

 slate, and a stone adze thjt would cut the hardest oak 

 with expedition. — But there is not room in a letter to 

 give even an idea of his curiosities, natural and arti- 

 fiicial." t 



*Ue.-!iiiareIiJiin gave tiie wings of the Condor a streidi of 



eigh'cen feell 



Betardiiig the bloom of Fruit Trees. 



Apricot and peach trees tmm more frequently render- 

 ed unl'ruitful by the buds starting to grow early in win- 

 ter, and then perishing by the intense cold that fallows. 

 We had a remarkable instance of the truth of this re- 

 mark, a lew years agi. About mid- winter, a thaw 

 came on, and continued several days, with so high a 

 temperature, that most of the buds swelled, except a 

 few near the tops of the trees, which were more re- 

 mote from the reflected heat, and the buds on some of 

 the low branches which were enveloped in snow-drifts. 

 In regard to the latter more especially, the appearance 

 in summer was very singular, for those limbs were 

 loadoJ with fruit, while there was very little on other 

 parts of the tree. 



But whether the winter or the spring be most fatal 

 to the buds, it has been considered by some gardeners 

 a good application of labor to cover uj) the snow round 

 the tre:e with straw, or litter from the birn-yard, in 

 order to chill and retard the ascent of the sap; and on 

 sandy soils we have had strong testimony in favor of 

 it efficacy. It bas been suggested, however, that too 

 much credit has been allowed to these exi)crimenl8, 

 and, as a proof, it is stated that a rose standing on the 

 outside of a Green House, had a stem that bloomed 

 ini the inside while its roots were exposed to the froat 

 and snow of winter. From this circumstance it has 

 been argued that peach buds would start in warm air 

 if the roots were cased in ice. 



The following fact, however, bears the other way: 

 A year ago one of our apple trees had several cords of 

 wood piled round it, on end, and the pile remained 

 there until the spring was past. The consequence 

 was that the tree was a full fortnight later in coming 

 into bloom. | 



Itliscellaueous Items. 



Economy is generally despised as a low virtue, tend- 

 ing to make people ungenerous and srljlsh. This is 

 Irac of avarice ; Imt it is not so of economy. — L. M. 



ClIlLI). 



Black-lead for Stoves. — Mix powder of black-lead 

 with a little common gin, or the dregs of red Port 

 wine, [would not pure alcohol be better?] and lay it 

 on the stove with a piece of linen rag; then with a 

 clean, dry, and close, but not hard brush, dipped in 

 dry black-lead powder, rub it to a beautiful brightncPS. 

 This will bo found to ju'oduce a much finer and richer 

 varnish on tho cast iron, than either boilinj the black- 



lead with small beer and soap, or mixing it with white 

 of an egg, &c., which ore the methods commonly 

 practised. — Domestic Encyclopedia. 



Indian Cake.— ^Johnny Cake.'\ — One quart of sifted 

 meal, two great spoonfuls of molasses, two ^ea-spoon- 

 fuls of salt, a bit of shortening half as big as a hen's 

 egg, stirred together; make it pretty moist with scald- 

 ing water, put it into a well greased pan, smooth over 

 the surtace with a spoon, and bake it brown on both 

 sides. A little stewed pumpkin, scalded with meal, 

 [much] improves the cake. Split and dipped in but- 

 ter it makes a very nice toast. — Frugal Housetcife. 



The above, it will be perceived, can be made in tho 

 absence of milk; and a lady of our particular acquain- 

 tance who has tried it, assures us of its excellence. — 

 She has also furnished us with the following: — 



Dough Nuts. — Nine pounds of flour, three of sugar, 

 two of butter.one quart yeast, and one table-spoonful of 

 of cinnamon. The yeast, (or two tea-cups of hop 

 emptins,) with one quart of the flour, and three pints 

 of water, should be mixed at night, and the rest of the 

 ingredients added in the morning. After standing 

 several hours to become light, they are fried in the usu- 

 al way. Aflthey absorb less fat the hotter it is, and 

 as a small quantity of fat becomes sooner cooled as 

 they arc thfown in, the more they are fried in the leea 

 they will absorb. 



To remove Ink Spots. — Ink spots on the pages of a 

 book maybe removed by washing them with a solu 

 tion of oxalic acid in water, and aftcwards with pure 

 water. Oxalic acid being a poison, caution is reqtii- 

 red in using it. We have in this way completely re 

 moved fresh ink spots on books and left the type fair 

 and white, and old ink spots have been nearly oblitera- 

 ted. 



Frosted Feet. — The troublesome inflammation and 

 insupportable itching produced by freezing the feet, 

 we have found to be very effectually removed by tho 

 application of oil of peppermint. 



Ardent Spirits for Rats. — It is said that an inn- 

 keeper, who was much trijjibled with rats, observing 

 the efTeets of spirits upon hie biped customers, resolved 

 to try the same experiment upon the rats. He accord- 

 ingly made an alluring preparation of alcohol, set it 

 in his cellar, and waited the event. The next morn- 

 ing he fonnd fourteen of these interesting little fel- 

 lows lying around the vessel. He pursued the plan till 

 he eflectually routed them. " 



Boots. 



My boots have no holes in them, and yet when I go 

 into the snow, the cold strikes right through them, and 

 my feet become damp. 



Have they been well greased ? 



Yes — but I don't like to soak them so much with 

 grease as to soil my socks as soon as I put them on. 



Well, there is a way to avoid all that, 1 lately applied 

 grafting w^ax to my boots, and now no water can pass . 

 through the leather — my feet are kept dry, and of 

 course much warmer. 



How is grafting wax made ? 



Two and a half pounds of rosin, one of becs-wa-x, 

 andone of tallow, melted together, makes a fine batch. 



But will it soak into the leather ? 



Not unless the leather is made very warm. It must 

 be made much warmer than when we apply tallow, 

 (be careful not to burn it) and then it will readily soak 

 in. One, two, or three coats, may be applied imme- 

 diately one after another. 



May I communicate this for the iViia Genesee Far- 

 mer? 



I am willing, but I am not certain that it is new. 

 The " fishermen of Marble Head," or some others- 

 down east, have long had a way to render their boots 

 i mpervious to the water, but 1 believe they use fish oil 

 instsad of tallow. 



