No. 5. 



A NDGARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



69 



of iho inflammation, dieorgnniznlion of the pilhoflbe 

 horns was the consequence. The peculiar look of his 

 eye, coneupation, the motions of his heod, and exami- 

 nation; all go to prove conclusively to my mind, that 

 the disease was highly inflamatory, and located in the 

 membnsnes of the brain. His lungs and trunk were 

 affecied sympathetically, and the disease of his heart 

 bed undoubtedly been of long standing. As I am 

 not acquainted with the disease called " Hollow 

 Horn,"' I know not whether this was the disease; but 

 if it was, the treatment generally pursued will prove 

 unavailing. It isa notorious fact, that for high grades 

 of inflammation, no mild means will reduce the circu- 

 lation to its proper standard, and that what is done, 

 should be done quickly, and with o bold hand. For 

 this disease, I would recommend in the first stages 

 copious depletion, the amount of blood taken to de- 

 pend upon the size and condition of the animal; and 

 for an ox, one gallon would be little enough. If the 

 bleeding did not make a sensible alteration for the bet- 

 ter, during the first ten hours, it should be repeated, 

 though not so much as at first. In conjunction with 

 the bleeding, a smart dose of cathartic medicine should 

 1)6 administered, and cold water poured from a height 

 upon the head, once in two hours, during the first 



aliaye of treatment. Boring the horns in this disease 

 ain be of little use, os the matter between the tables 

 )f the skull will not be evacuated by the means; and 

 lurpentine on the head will only increase the inflam- 



I oiation. Providing the original seot of disease isbe- 

 iweenthe tables of the skull and in the horn, boring 

 Jiem would probably afford some relief; but when the 

 >ra>n, or its membranes, are the_ seat, this measure 

 will prove futile. Whether this disease is of frequent 

 jccurrence, I know not; but oxen are valuat)le prop- 

 erty, which was an inducement for me to examine the 

 tnimal, and pen this article, in hopesj it might prove 

 iseful to some of your numerous readers. 



R. R. S. 

 Scipio, April 2lst., 1840. 



For the yew Genesee Farmer. 



Preserving Fence Posts, Wooden Pavements,&c 



Messrs. Editors — Observation has taught me that 

 leached ashes are an excellent preservative of tim 

 ber. I have noticed that the staves of old leach tubs 

 used 20 years since, and left standing partly in the 

 ground, exposed to the full effects of air ond water, 

 are preserved in perfect soundness by reason of the 

 lye with which they are saturated and the ashes which 

 surround them. An oak well crotch, on the premises 

 of S. GiUet, in Avon, had, in 1838, stood 36 years, 

 and was still hard and sound, having been preserved 

 from decay by a quantity of leached ashes being 

 thrown around it, from a leach that stood near. 1 

 have tried the experiment on my own fence posts for 

 15 years, and those which were surrounded with ash- 

 es would be perfectly sound, while others which had 

 no ashes applied would bo entirely decayed. 



I now set my fence posts 2J to 3 feet deep, put two 

 quarts of good house ashes at the bottom, then fill up 

 the hole with small stones and earth to within four in- 

 chos of the surfoce, packing it down firmly with a 

 driver; then fill up around the post with ashes, a little 

 higher than the surface of the ground. This will take 

 less than half a bushel of ashes to a post, at an ex- 

 pense of three or four cents each, and will render the 

 post at least doubly durable. By renewing the ashes 

 at the surface, once in two or three years, either from 

 the house or the aehery, I have no doubt that the Oak, 

 Red Beech, and other kinds of timber, would last as 

 long as Red Cedar. I have 100 rods of board fence, 

 built in the spring of 1839. The posts are Oak, ex- 

 cept a few Chestnut ond the Red Cedar mixed in. I 

 set them according to the above plan, and shall there- 

 fore give the subject a fair trial. Tours, &c., 



HALL COLBY. 

 Greece, one mile west of Roioe's Nvrsenj. 



Pamps for AVclls, 



Messrs. Editors — Water, being one of the most 

 mportant elements which enter into the composition 

 if the onimal and vegetable kingdom, and being in- 

 lispensible to our subsistence, the great Creator has 

 :BUsed it to circulate freely everywhere through his 

 ¥orld which we inhabit. I would, therefore, inquire 

 That are the means generally employed for drawing it 

 rom the world's reservoirs 1 



This question might be answered by a person of but 

 rery limited observation; for you moy trovel from 

 tfaine to Georgia, and, I venture to say, you will not 

 , on an average, one pump to five hundred wells. 

 But you will see crotched trees and well poles, wooden 

 '*' :ianks and gudgeons, chains and buckets, all of which 

 ^ will answer the purpose, if something better cannot 

 '" je obtained. I have myself labored many a year with 

 I" die above-named well tackling, and but recenUy found 

 "'"m easy and rapid method of obtaining water from my 

 < ^'well, which is by means of a Pump. 

 i«l Permit me, through the columns of your journal, to 

 lesl-ecoramend to my farming bretheren, an immediate 

 li^'lreimneiation of well poles, cronks and buckets, and 

 vsnlie adoption of the pump. I am confident that one 

 r.i'lfear'a use of it would more than compensate them for 

 , a liny eitra expense. 



ain I am now using "Minor's hnprnrcd Patent Pump," 

 [liKlnfiade in Rechester, by W. A. Langworthy & Co., 

 and it lifts water with such great facility, that it is 

 ,^;i|inere pleasure to work it, and were it not for appearing 

 , jjijboyish, I am not aut« but I should throw out every day 

 . .jjaeven times os much wai«r «b is necessary. In short, 

 , iJitUthe most perfect and durable article of the kind 

 ^'jjthat I have ever seen. <^;ORRESPONDENT. 

 jjfll Jmrtdf^uaii. Af«rcA2<5. 1610- 



Sunflower Seed— Inquin'« 



A friend in Niagara county asks for information res- 

 pecting the value and use of Sunffower Seed, for ma- 

 king oil or for other purpases. Also, the best manner 

 of cultivating, and the amount of produce per acre. 



The following article, from the Madisonian, is th^ 

 latest information we have seen on this subject: 

 The Helianthns, or Sun-Flower Plant. 



We presume it is not generally known that this 

 plant, which is so often regarded as worse than a use- 

 less cumberer of the ground, is cultivated extensively 

 in some ports of the United States, and turned to a 

 very valuable account in a variety of ways. We have 

 be'bre us a letter from a firm in the interior of Penn- 

 sylvonio, which gives us some interesting facts, which 

 we think worthy of publicity. 



The oil derived from the sunflower scM is pretty 

 well known. Its excellence for fancy painting and 

 druggist use, is sold to be confirmed, and we are even 

 told that it is equal, if not superior, to almond or olive 

 oil for table use. One acre of ground will produce 

 from forty to fifty bushels of seed, sometimes much 

 more. Good seed will produce a gallon of oil to the 

 bushel, and the oil has been sold ot $1,50 per gallon, 

 when flaxseed oil stood at ninety cents. 



The refuse, after th^ oil is expressed, is said to be a 

 valuable food for cattle. 



The leaf is manufactured into eegars, of a mild, 

 pleasant flavor, possessing, it is said, powerful pectoral 

 properties, highly commended by physicians in many 

 diseases of the chest. The leaves, properly cured, 

 will bring from five to fifteen cents per pound. 



The stalk, when stripped of the leaf and seed, may 

 be burnt, and a superior alkali made from the ashes. 



The, eomb of the seed, or properly the filaments of 

 the flo-.ver is excellent feed for cattle or hogs. 



The Helianthua is cultivated in the vicinity of York, 

 Pa., and a gentleman in North Carolina, in 1839, cul- 

 tivated one hundred acres. 



Edging for Borders. 



M. A. W., of Athens, in Georgia, has given us in 

 a late number of the Magazine of Horticulturfl. an in- 

 teresting article on edging for flower beds. After 



enumerating various plants for this purpose, and re- 

 jecting them along with the box, because the ever- 

 green, as he alleges, soon takes up too much room, 

 harbors slugs and other noxious vermin, exhausts the 

 soil by its fibrous roots, and is apt to be winter-killed 

 at the north, and summer-killed at the south. — he pro- 

 poses a new plan: — 



"I planted in the same line, and so close as almost 

 to touch each other, one bulb of ear h, repeatedly, 

 three kinds of Amaryllidca of nearly the some habit, 

 and which multiply by offsets so fost, that they can bo 

 easily obtained in sufficient quantity, viz: Zephyran- 

 thes* Atamasco, Z. rosea, and Stenbergiat lutea. — 

 Early the next spring, my row of Atoniasca flowers, 

 of the most brilliant white, changing to pink, was the 

 admiration of every passer-by. They continued to 

 push forth for several weeks, and for a consider- 

 able time after, their leaves formed as fine a margin of 

 green as one would wish to see. These leaves had 

 scarcely begun to die away, when the flowers of Z. 

 rosea began to appear, and kept flowering nearly all 

 summer. The leaves lasted till late in the fall, when 

 the Crocus like golden flowers of the Sternbergia 

 took their place, and had a doubly cheerful effect from 

 all the adjacent vegetation having " fallen into the 

 sere and yellow leaf." 



We can easily conceive the beauty of such edging; 

 but find in this district insuperable obstacles at the out- 

 set. Sternbergia, lutea, though hardy with us, and 

 remarkable for the rich glossy green of its leaves, in- 

 crease very slowly in the limestone soil of the Gene- 

 see country; and Zephyranthes atamasco fares still 

 worse: we have not had it to bloom more than once 

 before it has declined, and eventually perished. Z. 

 rosea we have not tried, but it appears not to with- 

 stand the severest winters even in Engalnd. 



With all due deference, however, we must think 

 that Box is the best plant for edging in this climate, 

 whatever moy be the cose in Georgia. It is neither 

 damaged by the cold of winter nor the heat of sum- 

 mer; and we know not that any noxious vermin have 

 found a harbor amongst its leaves. Neither ought it 

 to exhaust the soil by its fibrous roots: a spade passed 

 down near it on the inside of the border, would lim- 

 it their extent in that direction; but Box lor edging 

 should be kept in a dwarf state, not exceeding three 

 or four inches in height, ond trimmed to a straight 

 edge like the roof of a building. In this condition it 

 is not found to be troublesome. We hove nothing so 

 permonent that is so easily increased^nothing that 

 has leaves of so fine a green through all the vicissi- 

 tudes of the year. X. 



* Ani.vyllis lute.t. t Amnryllia filamasco. 



New Varieties of the Plant. 



From a late number of Horey's Magazine qf Hor- 

 tiailturc, we learn that Henry Corse, Esq., of Mon- 

 treal, has made the production of seedling plums 

 a study for some years, having raised thousands 

 of seedling trees, with the hope of obtaining some- 

 thing that should excell every existing variety. — 

 To three or four of these he has appended names. — 

 It appears thot his Nota Bena is known as a supo 

 rior plum in some of the collections near Boston; but 

 his Didtator is one of the largest and finest pluma 

 ever produced — exceeding in size the Magnum Bo- 

 num, or Bolmer'a Washington, and equalling the 

 Green Gage in flavor. It is a brownish purple, cov- 

 ered with a beautiful bloom — ^juicy, rich, and high 

 flavored. 



We also learn from the same valuable work, that the 

 Reine Claude Violette — already introduced into one or 

 more collections at Salem, — is one of the (ev; purple 

 plums of which the flavor will bear comparison with 

 that of the Green Gage. Another new variety — the 

 Royal Hytive — also purple, with on exceedingly rich 

 flavor, larger than the Reine Claude Violette, and ri- 

 pening a fortnight or 'three weeks before it, — is in 

 possession of the London Horticultural Society. We 

 I believe both these '.ariirtlea are of French origin. * 



