98 



THE NEW GENESEE E A R M ER, 



Vol. 1. 



Culture of Fruit. 



Among the best varieties of the poor which have been 

 proved in Wettem New York are the following:— 

 The LiUle Musk, (or PrimitireJ ripens at early 

 wheat harvest, it is small, yellow, with red next the 

 Bun, of a pleasant, hut not high flavor. The tree ia of 

 vigorous growth and is an abundant bearer. Its early 

 maturity renders it well worthy of cultivation. The 

 Madeleine, (sometimes called Me harvest pear,) ia 

 the earliest first rate fruit which ripens. It fellows im- 

 mediately the preceding. It is of about medium size, 

 green, with a slight tinge of yellow when ripe, flesh 

 white, with a slightly acid and very agreeable flavor. 

 The tree is very rapid in growth. The early Rousse 

 let ripens about two weeks later — rather small in size, 

 russetly brown, like the Seckel, which it somewhat 

 resembles in flavor, though greatly inferior. Except 

 with good cultivation, and eaten ripe from the tree, it 

 is hardly a first rate fruit. Nearly the same time the 

 Skinless ripens, which though not very high-flavored, 

 is one of our best early pears. It is rather small, ve- 

 ry smooth and thin skinned, with a juicy and sweet 

 flesh and is a very abundant bearer. The Jargonelle is 

 rather large, with a slightly acid and excellent flavor, 

 and though ripening later than the Madeleine, may 

 be classed with it in excellence. The September is 

 one of our best autumn pears, possessing a sweet and 

 remarkably agreeable flavor. The fruit has been 

 somewhat subject to mildew, but in every instance 

 we have seen, it appears to have resulted from neglec- 

 ■ ted cultivation. The Seckel is well known to culti- 

 vators of fine fruit, and for richness and delicacy of 

 flavor, stands unrivalled among American pears. The 

 tree is small, and the fruit small and uninviting in ap- 

 pearance, as commonly cultivated. To obtain the 

 fruit large, and in perfection, the ground ehou'.d be 

 rich, and the tree pruned to a more open head than 

 usual. The Virgalmi, (known also by the names of 

 xhe Butter pear, St. Mich<il, and a dozen others, ) is 

 one of the very best of our late fall pears, nnd is well 

 known among cultivators. It appears, in AVestern 

 New York, to have lost none of its orignal excellence, 

 though the variety is said to have "run out" in some 

 parts of New England. The Napolcan, one of the 

 new Flemish pears, promises to be one of our best 

 autumn pears, being not inferior to the Virgnlieu. 



Robert Manning, of Salem. Mass., who has given 

 more attention to the culture and proving of fruit, es- 

 pecially of pears, than any other mon in America, 

 says the Amirc Joannet ripens about ten days before 

 the Little Musk, to which it is superior in size and 

 flavor. It consequently deserves general cultivation. 

 He also mentions the following, among those he has 

 proved, as fruits of uncommon excellence: — Wil- 

 liams' Bon Chretien, Dearborn's Seedling, Antlreics, 

 Belle Lucrative, Surpass Vcrgallcu, Petrc, Urbanisic, 

 Marie Louise, Passu Colmetr, (early winter,) Eastern 

 Bmrre, (late winter), and others. 



Among the best peaches, and which also afford a 

 succession from harvest till frost, are. Early White 

 Nutmeg, which is a very small peach, and cultivated 

 only on account of its early ripening; Early Ann, a 

 little later, much larger, and far superior; Tillotson's 

 Early, a very early variety of the Red Rareripe, Ear- 

 ly York, Noblesse, White Imperial, (new seedling^ 

 While Rareripe, Red Cheek Malocoton, Royal Ken- 

 singtoji, Yelloio Alberge, Malta, President, Lemon 

 (or Kenneily's) Cling, Old Newington Cling, Old 

 Mixon do., ond late Heatli. The latter, to ripen well 

 and attain perfection, should be in a warm situation, 

 and the fruit, while small, should be thinned on the 

 branches to six inches asunder. Without the former 

 the fruit may not ripen before early frost; and without 

 the latter it may be smoU and without flavor, but 

 with it we have seen trees bearing fruit averaging from 



If taken 



two and a half to three inches in diameter 

 in before frost, they will keep till winter. 

 (To be Continued. ) 



Tuscany wneat. 

 Mkssrs. Thomas & Batehvm— According to your 



request, I send you an account of the Tuscany wheot 

 which I have raised the three years past, and some of 

 which was sold in your city last fall. 



In the fall of 1837, Mr. Abram Ilanford, of Scotts- 

 ville, gave me 7lbs. of seed wheat, which he bought in 

 New York, from a vessel that hod just arrived from 

 the Mediterranean wiih a cargo of wheat, nnd had a 

 small parcel of this kind on board. I sowed it on the 

 18th of September, 1837, on a clay soil, after corn, 

 once ploughed and well harrowed. On the 10th of 

 June following it headed out, and on the IGlh of .July 

 I harvested it, and thrashed out 207 lbs. of uncommon 

 fine large wheat. In harvesting I perceived that there 

 were four varieties in small quantities, and I was care- 

 ful to separate them; and the next fall I sowed 

 each kind by itself. In the spring following I found 

 that two of the varieties would not stand the win- 

 ter, but were mostly killed, so I did not preserve 

 them. The other two, one a bearded and the other a 

 bald variety, stood the winter well. The bold was 

 much the larger quontily, and this I sowed on o very 

 bod fallow; the soil a stiflT cloy, broke up very late, 

 leaving it in hard lumps. This was the only piece of 

 land I had which was not in the immediate vi- 

 cinity of some other wheat; and I wished to keep it 

 quite separate: besides I did not mean to give this any 

 better chance than other wheot. But at harvest I found 

 I hod lost considerable by not showing this kind more 

 favor. On thrashing I hod 40 bushels of fine large 

 wheat. 



I sowed ten acres of this wheat the middle of Sep- 

 tember last, and on the 28th of May it was nil heoded 

 out. The crop now looks finely, (although sown ra- 

 ther too thin,) and I have no doubt will be fit to har- 

 vest by the lost of June. It stonds our winters well, 

 ond is considerably earlier than the common wheat, 

 which is a great advantage to our farmers os it will be 

 less liable to injury from rust. Its growth is much 

 larger and stronger than other wheat, nnd the berry is 

 very large nnd of fine quality. I will send some of it 

 to the Rochester Seed Store when thrashed, and I 

 have no doubt that nil who exomine it will pronounce 

 it superior to any other wheat in the country. 

 Respectfully Yours, 

 W. T. CUYLER. 

 Woodlands, near Moscow, June, 1840. 



with its double duties, gave the manufacturers enor- 

 mous profits. But peace took ploce, the double duty 

 come off, ond foreign competition wos about to ruin 

 the young manufocturer, when the generous South 

 consented to the tariff of 1816. Even Mr. Calhoun 

 tells us that " he nt that time had the simplicity to con- 

 sent to a tarifTof protection." 



But it is too much the custom of our northern farm- 

 ers to decry and undervalue the southern planter; 'tis 

 true the people of the slave states are great sinners, 

 but we rend that those were not the greatest sinners 

 "on whom the tower fell." 



Without the cotton of the South, our country would 

 make but a slim figure in the mercantile world. 'Tis 

 doubtful whether we should have had a single rail 

 road or atlantic steam ship to this day, if the South 

 had made no cotton. New England is shrewd enough 

 to understand her interest — the South is her great cus- 

 tomer — it is the only goose she has which loys a gol- 

 den egg. 



The South is very sensitive on the subject of tariff: 

 we con only hope that her present poverty and great 

 embarassments will make her of a better mind, and 

 open her eyes to the best interests of the nation. Mr. 

 Calhoun has long made free trade his hobby, and nev- 

 er man had a hobby who wns better able to defend it. 

 His inventive genius nnd graphic mind can always 

 make the " wrong appear the better reason." 



The probable continuance of low prices for all the 

 necessaries of life, must give a great spur to manu- 

 facturing enterprise. This will be quite as legitimate, 

 and less hazardous than a highly protective tariff", with 

 high prices, induced by an inflated, unstable cur 

 rency. S. W. 



Seneca co. 



June 7th, 1840. 



A Protective TaritT. 



Messrs. Editors — I see that some of the corres- 

 pondents of the New Genesee Farmer advocate a high 

 tariff on foreign fabrics, in order to encourage home 

 manufactures, and create that market for the products 

 of our own agricultute which cannot be found abroad. 



Hezekinh Miles, the great champion of a protec- 

 tive tnriir, is dead, but the good he did to our cotton 

 manufactures lives after him. He was in favor of free 

 trade with all nations, so far as they would receive our 

 raw material and bread stuffs in payment for their 

 manufactures and staples, but no further. Had this 

 nation adopted his rule, instead of running in debt 

 ,f!200,000,000 to foreign nations, we should have es- 

 caped both panic and revulsion, with the consequent 

 appalling deterioration in morals which they hove 

 engendered. 



As long ago as the first embargo, in reply to the 

 complaints of New England in Congress of the ruin- 

 ous elTect of that measure on her commerce, the lan- 

 guage of the South was, "goto manufncturing." — 

 New Englatid did mannfacture, the non-intercourse 

 gave her protection, and the war which succeeded, 



For the Ntu Genesee Farmer. 



A Durable Cider Press. 



Messrs. Editors — 



Having occasion to repair the Cider Mill in 1835. I 

 found the press which had been constructed in the old 

 fashion, very much out of repair. The posts, though 

 under cover, would rarely stand more than two sea- 

 sons ;" I concluded to put up two presses with iron 

 screws. The new press I made after my own fashion, 

 nnd though much laughed at while constructing it, 

 because of its novelty, I hove had the pleasure of seeing 

 it overcome all opposition, nnd become a decided fa- 

 vorite. 



The bed pieces, and beam, arc accoiding to your 

 fancy as to size. The beam should be a very heavy 

 one, else it may spring. The beam is framed to the 

 centre sill by two 4 inch hard- wood scantling at each 

 end, ns near the outside ss possible. In the centre is 

 nnother piece of scantling at each end 3 by 4 to serve 

 as a guide for the follower. I then took two bore of 

 iron, an inch and a quarter square, for each end. Upon 

 the upper end I made heads, and fastened the lower 

 one with a key. A plate of iron was put upon each 

 end to prevent the rods from drawing into the wood. 

 These rods were put through the beam and sill on each 

 side of the centre scantling, and ns nenr the posts ns 

 possible. They kept the frnme together when making 

 the press. The posts kept the henm up, and protected 

 the rods. The screws were of iron, and were worked 

 wilh a bar about seven feet long. This press was in 

 operation five years, and never cost one cent for re- 

 pairs. It wns token down the winter post, and every 

 part as sound and ns good as when first put up, except 

 the sills — and they would have stood some years yet. 



If any of your readers should have occasion for n 

 new press, I think they will find this much the mos' 

 durnble, and the cheapest. 



Respectfully yours, 

 Darien, June IT: 1840. T. 0. PETERS. 



