ho. 8. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



117 



anoLher, with a tolerably shrewd guee?, that hardy and 

 thrifty Galloway and Kyloes had occasionally been 

 ninde to contribute their mite. Be the course pursued, 

 however, what it may, it was chosen with judgment, 

 followed out with the greatest steadiness of purpose, 

 and has been crowned with complete success. There 

 is at this day, no breed of domesticated cattle in the 

 world, which can compete for a quick return with 

 improved Short-horn, always premising that there ex- 

 ists a market for good beef, and that the stock receives 

 ordinary care and attention. 



It is a regular occurrence in the markets of Darling, 

 ton and Morpeth, to find thorough fat steers sold at 

 twenty.seven to thirty months old, which weigh seven 

 or eight act. siiiking offal, and with which no means 

 have been used beyond the common run of the farm. 

 It is a great mistake which many adopt, when they 

 denominate these cattle a delicate race. They require 

 in ordinary management, no extraordinary pampering 

 in core, although disappointment both in size and 

 form must inevitably ensue, if abandoned and neglect- 

 ed, as we see too many unhappy animals uround us. — 

 It is likewise a common, though equally unfounded as- 

 sirtion that Improved Short-horns are defective as 

 milkers. Many decisive instances of deep milkers 

 might be adduced, but it is quite sufficient to state, 

 that the great dairies of London, frequently containing 

 800 or 1000 cows each, are supplied by the Yorshire 

 and Durham breeders. No doubt, among very high 

 bred Short-horns, cows ore occasionally met with, 

 whose milk scarce suffices to rear their calves, and 

 whose tendency to obesity is such that it is e-ttremely 

 dilHcult to procure from them a calf at all. But it is 

 e<lually true, that in numerous instances, cows of this 

 biLcd yield e.vtrcmely well to the pail. The greot se- 

 cret corisists in keeping steadily in view the tendency 

 of Improved- Sfiort horns to early inaturiiy and the 

 important quality of repaying well for food consumed, 

 cither in beef or dairy produce. The judicious breed- 

 er will take his line. If milk be his object, he will 

 have an eye upon those cows who yield well, and con- 

 'iniics long in mil/c, for be it remembered, that it is 

 iiot the cow With the greatest flush of milk, for a few 

 weeks after calving, which will pay the farmer best, 

 3ut the animal who continues to yield a fair supply du- 

 nng the longest period of gestation. Should the 

 quick production of beef be the desideratum, attention 

 ivill be paid to those animals who exhibit a tendency to 

 iay what they consume upon iheir ribs. It has been 

 doubted by very intelligent men, whether decitlcd 

 milking qualities, can be with certainty transmitted in 

 iny breed. Whether this opinion be correct or not, 

 ihcre is no manner of doubt, that well bred Short- 

 lorns are blessed with aninhercnt quality, which will 

 I repay the breeder in no ordinary measure for food con- 

 ■iumed, just as he may incline, to direct his attention 

 .0 tlic dairy or to the shambles. 



The Ayrshire cattle have in Scotland, acquired a 

 high and deserved celebrity os Dairy Stock. It must 

 DC kept in remembrance, however, that the climate 

 nmi soil of Ayrshire, rendered the dairy a prominent 

 feature in the husbandry of that county. Without any 

 disparagement of Ayrshire stock, 1 must be permitted 

 to give the preference to Improved Short-horns, for 

 Canada. In fact, I verily believe them to spring from 

 a common origin, and although it may be impossible 

 to ascertain the period of migration, there are strong 

 grounds f)r connecting them with the primitive stock, 

 upon the banks of the Tees. In confirmation of this 

 theory, it may be stated, that pure Ayrshire cat'.le were 

 in high favor with the Duke of Montrose, and received 

 from him more than ordinary attention and favor. — 

 The gradual effect of this core was a distinct appro.xi- 

 raatiun to the origiii^l breed ol large-boned, conrsf 



I 



Shorthorns. At a great Cattle Show of the Highland 

 and Agricultural Society of Scotland, held a few years 

 ago in Glasgow, an 0.x (5 years old I think,) was ex- 

 hibited by His Grace, which weighed when slaugh- 

 tered, 1552 imperial pounds, with 180 lbs. of tallow, 

 sinking offal, a heavy, but coarse brute. 



The Dairy is a dclightlul and profitable branch of 

 husbandry, making g»od returns, and particularly use- 

 ful in Cuiuida, as demonstrating to every judicious far- 

 mer, the urgency of securing the aid of a fit helpmate, 

 without whose activity and superintendence all will 

 go wrong. In dairy management, success will inva- 

 riably, and 07ily attend clcanlinese, scrupulous and 

 minute in all the details. Dairy monagement in Scot- 

 land has been much encouraged by the Highland and 

 Agricultural Society. The county of Aberdeen was 

 distinguished for the large quantity and inferior qual- 

 ity of the butter produced. By a change of system and 

 superior attention to cleanliness, the butter of Aber- 

 deenshire quickly rose in the scale, to an equality with 

 the best Irish, and it may perhaps be acceptable to state 

 the mode recommended, and successfully adopted by 

 dairy farmers of that extensive county. 



We arc compelled to omit the remainder till next 

 month. — Eds. 



To the Directors of Agriculliiral Societies in 

 Upper Canada. 



Our sincere acknowledgments are due for the flat- 

 tering encouragement which this poper has received 

 from the friends of Agriculture in Upper Canada; and 

 in order that our labors may e-xert a more general ond 

 effectual influence for the improvement of that Pro- 

 vince, we wish to make one or two suggestions for 

 the consideration of the Agricultural Societies. 



From much observation and inquiry made during a 

 late tour in that country, we are convinced, that with 

 the liberal aid which is rendered by government, much 

 more can eosily be done for the advancement of Agri- 

 culture in that rich province than is done at present. — 

 The principal difficulty which exists is a wantof a pro- 

 per stimulus for the mind. The farjiiers do not rightly 

 estimate the advantages which they possess; or appre- 

 ciate the dignity and importance of their profession. — 

 Their minds are not sufficiently interested in their call- 

 ing, and therefore it is obvious thnt the first thing to be 

 done, should be to persuade them to read on the subject. 

 Let them be often informed what other farmers, and 

 other societies have done, and are now doing in their 

 own and other countries, and they will not long feel 

 indifferent on the subject of improvement, or be con- 

 tented with present attainments. An active spirit of 

 emulation and enterprize will soon be excited, which 

 will effect a most salutary change in the character of 

 their agriculture, and impart new life to their societies. 

 We are convinced from observation and expefience, 

 that no Agricultural Societies ciin long be sustained 

 with much spirit and uselulness, unless the members 

 generally are readers of some spirited ogricultural pe- 

 riodical; and nothing at so little expense would do as 

 much for the improvement of Upper Canada as the ge- 

 neral circulation of a paper, containing interesting in- 

 telligence and valuable essays on improved husbandry. 

 It is admitted thatjsuch a paper cannot be published in 

 that country now with much chance of success, and 

 therefore, at the suggestion of some Warm friends of 

 the cause, we make the following proposition: — If the 

 Directors of the Agricultural Societies will make ar- 

 rangements to ploce the New Genesee Farmer in the 

 hands of each of their members, we will devote a por- 

 tion of the paper to Canadian intelligence, and make 

 arrangements with the Presidents or Secretaries of the 

 different Societies to send us important and interesting 

 intelligence; and also engage the assistance of some of 



the best writers in that Province for the especial bene- 

 fit of our Canadian readers. Our proximity to that 

 country, the facilities for communication, and the si- 

 milarity of so'l and climate, give our paper nearly all 

 the advantages of one published in that country; while 

 our present list of able writers, and the extremely low 

 price ol publication, are advantages which could not bo 

 eciuallcd on that side. Our terms to companies are 

 only forty cents per year; and if they arc paid for out 

 of the funds of the Society, of course two-thirds of the 

 amount conies from government. If it was made a 

 rule, as some have suggested, that when a memlor 

 pays hie annual subscription for the Society, it shall 

 be understood to eutide him to the paper for a year, it 

 would doubtless induce many more to subscribe, and 

 thus greatly extend their uselulness. We are certain 

 that so trifling on amount coidd not possibly be ex- 

 pended in any other way so as to produce as much 

 good to the Societies and to the country at large. 



We hope the subject will receive early attention, so 

 that the Societies can provide themselves with the pre- 

 sent volume complete, as it is very necessary that the 

 numbers be all preserved for future reference. We 

 have personally suggested this subject to the officers of 

 a number of the Societies, and it meets their cordial 

 approbation. They hope that all the Societies will 

 enter into such an arrangement, in order that there 

 may be union of eflcjrt, and a mutual understanding 

 throDghout the province. We shall be happy to hoar 

 from all the Societies on the subject during the coming 

 month. ^ 



BATEHAM &. MARSHALL. 



Rochester, N. Y., July 31, 1840. 



Cleaning Clover Seed—Inquiry. 



Messrs. Editors — One great ilefect in our farming 

 is the insufficient use of Clover, and this is in a great 

 measure owing to the difficulty of getting seed. Ma- 

 ny of us have not a proper knowledge of the necessa- 

 ry machinery or the method of cleaning it; and if 

 you, or your correspondents, can throw some light on 

 the subject, you will much oblige many Canadian 

 readers. Ycurs, &c., S. 



Port Hope, U. C. 



Remarks. — We wish some one of our correspon 

 dents, who is familiar with the process, would furnish 

 an answer to the above. — Eds. 



Making Cheese—Inquiry. 



Messrs. EoixoRs^If some of your correspondents 

 would give the Simplest and best method of making 

 Cheese, they would at least oblige one reader. S. 



Cutting Grafts in Autumn. 



A correspondent writes, "A friend who intends 

 emigrating to Illinois in the month of September, is 

 desirous to be informed if scions for grafting may be 

 cut and transported at that season of the year." 



Grafts may be safely cut at any time in autumn after 

 the shoots have stopped growing and have formed a 

 terminal bud. This taJtes place much sooner on some 

 trees than it does on others. In the hitter part, of the 

 next month, grafts moy in most cases be found, suffi- 

 ciently matured for cutting. They should be wroppcd 

 well in damp moss for carrying, and then buried in the 

 earth till wanted. * 



Correction. 



At page 73, wo said " The yellow bloom of tho 

 Hypozis is only seen on close clays." We had 

 not observed this plont except on close clays, and this 

 agreed With Elliott's observations in the South. Be- 

 sides we had tried it in garden loom where it declined 

 and died. We have since seen it however, on sandy 

 soils. It would seem thot mater is injurious to tho 

 bulb. In loose eub-foils it can dry away, and clnya 

 exclude it by swelling ond closing up, i 



