ISO 



THENEW GENESEE FARMER, 



Vol. 1 



already compelled by hunger lo plunder ware-houses 

 and comladen vessels;" and "exceedingly severe 

 sufferings are apprehended on the part of the working 

 population in England and Scotland." 



3d. That "although money in England is exces- 

 sively plenty, and interest on short time very low, yet 

 stocks are depressed; capitalists declining investments 

 on long time, in anticipation that the drain will bo so 

 heavy fur the purchase of bread stutTs, as to produce, 

 within a few months, a great scarcity of money, and 

 corresponding high rates of interest." And some are 

 even predicting that " the bank of England, (whose 

 vaults were never better filled.) will be compel 

 led, before another harvest, to suspend specie pay 

 ment, in consequence of the very heavy call for money 

 to send abroad for grain 1" 



4th. That " the crop on the Continent of Europe 

 generally is so much below an average, that, at the 

 best, they will have nothing to spare." And 



5th. That " Russia and her dependencies are suf- 

 fering/rom famine to that degree that the Emperor 

 has opened his ports to bread stuffs, duly free, from 

 nil parts of the world 1" That Odessa, and the re- 

 gions bordering upon the Black Sea, (the very coun- 

 try from which we have for many years in succession 

 received such large quantities of wheat,) are mow 



shipping rye from New York to save tJteir people from 

 stunalion I 



My object, Messrs. Editors, in troubling you wilh 

 my cogitations upon this subject, is to endeavor lo 

 convince our farmers that all our surplus will be need- 

 ed in Europe, and of course will be exported: and 

 that die price ichich ice shall obtain, icill very much tic- 

 pcmi vpon the degree of our confidence in the winter 

 and spring vuirkets. 



From the best information I can obtain, I am of the 

 opinion that more than three-fourthe of our farmers 

 intend to thrask and sell their wheat as soon as possi- 

 ble; — all acting upon the now popular opinion, that 

 the fall market and the first pi ice are the best. Now, 

 would not this be extremely unwise 1 



Thrashing machines have vastly increased in num- 

 bers and facility since last fall. Put these all in opera- 

 tion as soon as practicable, and our mills would soon 

 be glutted. These would, before the first of October, 

 pour such quantities of flour into New York, as to not 

 only ruinously overstock the market, but create a false 

 and mischievous impression in market as to the actual 

 amount of our crop. In this state of business, of 

 course prices would give way, and as these should de- 

 line, in the same ratio should we increase our dili- 



;;ence till we should divest ourselves of an article, 

 growing every day worse and worse: not considering 

 that by our own folly and lack of reasonable confi- 

 dence, we had made our own markets and reapl their 

 ruinous fruits. 



To conclude, Messrs. Editors, I will hazard an opin- 

 ion, which I confess is worth but little at the most, 

 and by which I woidd be sorry to mislead any one, — 

 that every farmer in " the Geneece Country" who will 

 nanfully resolve to hold on to his wheat for a dollar a 

 bushel till the first of July next, and will also take good 

 beed to avail himself of the dollar the/rs( time it is of- 

 fered, will find his granary empty on or before, (and 

 probably long before,) the day specified. 



If we would manage as well in selling as our custo- 

 mers will in buying; or as the English did last year, 

 in draining from us so many hundred thousand bushels ■ 

 of wheat, in so artful a manner that we scarcely knew 

 they were getting or even wanting any at all, it would 

 be a saving to us of twenty-five cents per bushel on 

 our whole crop; but " a word to the trise is suffi- 

 cient;" — and " though thou shouldest bray afoot in a 

 mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his 

 foolishness depart from him." 



CenterfieU, Ont. CO., August 90, 1840. 



plate.,L— Ficr. L 



•'^^^' sSS^jT ""^SP^F* ■^XV6t'* -^^^t" s^^vi T- -^^St" I 



"'v^f!'? ^7 ^^b s;^;:^ ^^^ -^^ 



IMPROVED BEE HOUSES AND BEE HIVES- 



A constant supply of good honey, is, with most families, a source of much grati- 

 fication, and its production for the market can bo made a source of much profit. 

 The keeping of bees has of late been very much neglected by farmers generally, 

 owing to tho difiiculty of protecting them from the bee-moth or worm. Much 

 ingenuity has been displayed in constructing hives in such a manner as to b< 

 proof against the moth, and at the same time admit of the honey being obtained 

 when desired without destroying the bees. Several kinds of hives are now in use 

 in diSisrent parts of the country, which answer these purposes more or less per 

 fectly. We have never seen, however, any kind of bee house or hive which ap- 

 peared to ve M possess so many advantages as the one we are about to describe, 

 invented and patented by John Seart.e, Esq. of Franklin, N. H., and which w 

 believe is considerably used in some of the Eastern Stales. Mr. S. has exhibited 

 in this city, models of his house and hives, and several gentlemen contemplate 

 erecting them, 



Tho above cut (plate I,) represents the bee house, or apiary, a building 10 feet 

 by 20, and about 8 feet high. This size is calculated to hold 36 hives ; but of 

 course the size of the house can be varied as desired. The hives are placed ii 

 two tiers along both sides, and across one end of the house. The foUowing speci 



fications, with the plates, will afford a tolerably correct idea of the construction of 

 the bee house and hives and the management of the bees. 



Specification. — I construct a building as follows, to wit : 10 feet by 20, or of 

 any required dimensions, to stand two feet above the ground, on posts : to be two 

 stories high, 4 feet each, with a tight roof ; frame without stitds or braces ; board- 

 ed perpendicularly and plastered ouLside and in, to exclude insects and regulate 

 the temj)eraturc. Another covering of wood may be added. The floor to be 

 double, with a coat of lime mortar between. A floor of cement, tin, or other 

 smooth metal, to be laid adjoining the walls, (except at one end, where is to be n 

 door, for the convenience of the proprietor,) liir the hive to set on, 2J feet wiHe for 

 single ones, and 34 feet tor double ones ; or it may be of wood, covered with a 

 white-wash of salt, quick lime and sand. Over this, at the height of lour f et, is 

 10 be a scaffold of similar width, and materials for another tier of hives. The bees 

 are to pass to and from the hive, through a spout, about ten inches long, of 1 J 

 inch stuff, six inches wide : grooved out two inches wide and 3 deep in two placet, 

 leaving a margin J inch wide in the centre to support the covfr, which is lo be 

 made oljthe same breadth. This spout is to pass from the hive through the wills 

 iif the building, sloping at an angle of twenty-two degrees until it projects one 

 inch, a, plate 1, fig 1, and rests on the lighting-stool, h, which must be equally 

 sloping, and into which the lower end of the spout must be sunk to the top of its 

 floor, the upper end fitted to the lower surface of the cement, or metallic floor, 

 three inches from the inside of the walls ; at which place a perpendicular mortise 

 must le made, through the cement floor, 4i inches long crosswise of the spout, 

 and one inch wide. The angle or space reinsining in the grooves of the spout be- 



