140 



THE NEW GENESEE PARMER, 



Vol. 



Hints for the Month. 



One of ihe most important thinge during this month, 

 is sowing wheat. In this region, and wherever the 

 Hessian fly is not to be found, sow early; let the crop 

 be iccW put in, — farmers who employ hired men, should 

 see that ploughing is not slighted, and thai narrow, 

 even furrows be ploughed, instead ot cutting shoes of 

 ■oil twice as wide as can be turned over. Let good, 

 tcell cleaned surface drains be cut wherever needed. 



In fattening hogs, let it be remembered, that a great 

 loss always follows the feeding of unground grain — 

 that fermented ewill (hog-porr't-li^e) is much better 

 than unferraonted — and that iiieal boiled in many times 

 ito Julk of water is still better. One item in the man- 

 agement of hogs, from an exchange paper: — "Six 

 pigs of equal weight were put to keeping at the 

 same time, and treated alike as to food and litter for 

 Beven weeks. Three of them were left to shift for 

 themselves as to cleanliness. The other three were 

 kept clean by brushing and currying. These last pigs 

 consumed in the seven weeks, ^cc bushels of peas less 

 than the others ; and when killed, weighed, on an av- 

 eroge, more than two stone /our pounds (32 lbs.) 

 above the others." 



Hogs should now be turned into apple orchards to 

 pick up the follen fruit — some farmers accomplish most 

 of the fattening of their hogs in this way, without in- 

 terfering with the main crop of winter apples. 



Let cattle be loeli liept through autumn — if for fat- 

 tening, the work should be commenced early — and if 

 for keeping, it to important that they should enter win- 

 ter in fine condition. 



Newly seeded grass lands should be very sparingly fed, 

 BO that the young plants may get a secure footing and 

 spread densely over the surface. 



Be careful to cut up corn in season, that the fodder may 

 be good — if a heavy frost should occur before the end 

 of the month, it should be cut before it withers. 

 Corn will ripen much, after cutting, by the nourish- 

 ment it receives from the slowly drying stalks. Top- 

 ping corn should never be practice 1 — it lessens the 

 amount of grain, often several bushels to the acre, — 

 affords much less f:>dder, and requires more labor. 



As much of the plan of operations for next year, is 

 laid now, it is especially important that it be done 

 right. A course of rotation should be always attended 

 to, as this is of the highest importance in practice in 

 order that other Ittbur may not be lost. Manuring is 

 of absolute necessity, but not less requisite than rota- 

 tion — manuring costs money, — rotation costs only 

 careful thought; — and without rotation, a great part 

 of the advantages of manuring, and thorough culture, 

 will be lost. If a hundred dollars a year can be saved 

 by mere thought, without additional labor, it is cer 

 tainly worthy <»r attention ; but many farmers sacri- 

 6ce hundreds by a bad system. 



Let EsEaoY — Neatness — Order, — be the watch- 

 word of the farmer at every season of the year, and 

 iSccesB will follow. • 



The Yellows in Peach Trees. 



All cultivators of the peach tree, should know how 

 to distinguish the effects of the worm at the root — 

 a mechanical injury, from the poison of the yelloics — a 

 contagious disease. 



This name was imposed by the late Judge Peters of 

 Pennsylvania; and though it is sometimes descriptive, 

 yet in other cases, it may mislead, for the tree may 

 be deeply diseased, and yet not yelloic. So it is, per- 

 hops generally, when the niolady first appears in the 

 fruit; and is probably the effects of pollen from an un- 

 healthy tree. In this case, one or two limbs may ri- 

 >i«n several weeks before the other branches, — the skin 

 of»n deeply stained or speckled with red-purple, as 

 well as the pulp; and this may be the only symptom 

 disooverable in thai season. As tho disease irioreRies 



however, shoots protrude from the main branches, of- 

 ten crowded and remarkably attenuated, Buch as no 

 healthy tree ever exhibits. 



When we first Introduced this disease from one of 

 the Flushing nurseries, we were entirely ignorant of 

 its nature; and to preserve a few sorts which had come 

 at high prices, we set some buds from those (lender 

 twigs, into healthy stocks. They took, but commu- 

 nicated the malady, and in about one year they all died 

 together. 



It is supposed that the yellotcs is also taken by heal- 

 thy trees ibrough the i.iotin consequence of their co- 

 ming in contact with infected roots; and of this we 

 could have no doubt, if a transfusion of the juices 

 should take ploce; but our observations favor the be- 

 lief that it is more commonly communicated by the 

 pollen, and perhaps through the intervention of bees. 



As the pulpy part of the fruit is evidently diseased, 

 it is reasonable to infer that the kernel is also tainted; 

 and the early age at which seedlings often die in the 

 infected districts, confirms this opinion. To plant 

 such peach stones in nurseries, is therefore equiva- 

 lent to strewing the yellows over the land. None should 

 be used for this purpose, but such as are procured from 

 the most healthy trees. 



The only known remedy for this disease is to kill 

 the patient. A tree has no stomach into which we 

 can throw medicine; and external applications only 

 smother by closing the pores. Some persons indeed, 

 hove made holes in the limbs or trunk, and filled in 

 mercury or sulphur, — analogous to cutting into the 

 flesh, and cramming the orifice with drugs — but we 

 have nothing to say in favor of the practice. If a tree 

 could be medicated through the spongioles perhaps 

 something might be done; — and some cases of mercu- 

 ry and of salt hoving entered separately into the cir- 

 culation, have been recorded, — but this branch of med- 

 ical practice has hardly commenced. Where only a 

 limb or two appear to be dieeased however, immediate 

 amputation might be tried; yet there would be much 

 reason to apprehend a taint of the tnmk, in conse- 

 quence of the natural descent of the juices. t 



Culture of Fruit— Continued. 



We have already noticed some of the best varieties 

 of the apple, peach, pear, and cherry; and before pro- 

 ceeding to treat of the most successful modes of cul- 

 ture, weehall mention briefly a few of the best among 

 the \pricot, raspberry, strawberry, plum, &c. 



Tje a; ricot is very much neglected by most cultivo- 

 tors of fruit in this region, although it ripens before 

 the earliest peaches, and is little inferior to them in 

 flavor; certainly far exceeding, as a table fruit, the fi- 

 nes', varieties of apples. Its tenderness, and the occa- 

 sional loss of the crop by frost, are the chief objections; 

 but it withstands well, the winters of Western New 

 York, and the fruit is not perhaps more frequently 

 destroyed than the peach, not being cut off in our mil- 

 der regions oftener than one year in four. With the 

 plum and nectarine, it is liable to the attack of the 

 curculio, but is protected from that insect with the 

 same facility and certainty by a little care. 



The Peach apricot stands pre-eminent for size and 

 flavor, often measuring more than two inches in diam- 

 eter. It ripens with the wheat crop, a little earlier 

 than our earliest peaches; and should be considered 

 as indispensible in every fruit garden, though contain- 

 ing but half a dozen trees. The Breda is inferior to 

 the peach apricot, but is earlier, and the crop is perhaps 

 more certain. The jBiacA: apricot is quite distinct from 

 all the other varieties, ond inferior to many in flavor, 

 but it is perfectly hardy, is a great bearer, and ripens 

 its fruit a little before our wheat harvest. Though 

 not admired by some, it still should obtain a place in 

 every collection. 



Among the finest varieties of the plcm, for etf 

 maturity, and for flavor, are the white Primodian, 

 pening in harvest, — the Orleans, ripening soon af| 

 Yellvw Gage, Green Gage, — Bolmar's Wasim 

 ton, remarkable for its size and beauty, but not t ■' 

 vor, — Huling's Superb, superior in size and flavor 

 the last, and Prince's Imperial Gage, which, acco' 

 ing to Manning, is " the most productive and i 

 ble of all plums," a single tree, according to Kenrn 

 in the vicinity of Boston, having produced fruit 

 several successive years, which sold for forty to 

 dollars per annum. 



Among raspberries, the Red Amtwerp, and 

 White Antwerp, are considered as standing at 

 head. Two varieties, known to nurserymen, as 

 Black American and IF/i!(e American, are also extl 

 lent, but need good culture to be as they should; i 

 a native American species, the Rubua atrigosus, p| 

 sesses an excellent flavor, would doubtless be mil 

 improved by cultivation. j.- 



Strawberries. — The Duke of Kent Scarlet, is a I 

 flavored and very early variety; the Roseberry is li 

 and more productive; Keen's seedling is a large, fi 

 and very productive variety; the Methven is more 

 markable for size, than for flavor or productiveneai 

 The red and white Alpine are sweet and of a g 

 flavor, and are chiefly valuable for their consta; 

 bearing through the summer, especially if a little i 

 ded; fruit may generally he picked until severe f 

 sets in. The bush Alpine appears to be inferior to 

 last, both in flavor and productiveness. 



It is certainly a matter of surprise, that so littlt 

 tention is given to the cultivation of fine fruit. ' 

 quarter of the needless expense which is often la\ 

 ed on fine horses, or on fine carriages and harr 

 would procure a constant succession of this most • 

 cioiis, this absolutely bewitching treat, through 

 whole yearly circle! For instance, — apples w 

 supply from the first of the year to the beginnii 

 summer; strawberries, cherries, and raspbcrrie 

 month and a half longer; a;)ncote for a month b 

 and during wheat harvest; and after that the w 

 multitude of delicious fruits, consisting of ap 

 pears, plums, peaches, nectarines, grapes, &c., n 

 give an abundant supply till winter; after whici 

 pies and pears would continue till Bpring,and apph 

 the fruit season of the next year. 



CTo be Continued.) 



The Bassano Beet. 



This Beet is more decidedly turnip-shaped that 

 that we have cultivated; and we have some that 

 sure seven inches across the top. It is quite a fa\ 

 in our family; and some others who have tried it 

 pronounced it very superior. It was sent to us 

 the Rochester Seed Store; was imported from 

 land, and baa grown as freely as any that we hnv 

 er planted. On account of its excellence, we sai 

 seed all that we have now left. 



The Alsike Clover. 



The Alsike clover seed (a present from the Ro 

 ter Seed Store) has grown well. Without a cloi 

 spection it might be mistaken for white clover 

 a neor approach shows it to be a different thing, 

 leaf, indeed, resembles that species ; and its fl( 

 also, though they have more redness, — a part stai 

 erect, while the older parts of the head lop d 

 Like the white clover, it has also a tap root ; bu 

 like it, such of the stems as arc prostrate, do rnr 

 root, as far as we have been able to observe, 

 standing and erect branches, it resembles th 

 clover. 



Its value as an artificial grass in this country, 

 be determined by future observations and experinri 

 It was sown on a fertile soil ; and its erect tttw, 



I 



