No. 10 



ANDGARDKxXER'S JOURNAL. 



151 



ot' Fayclte, ^vho raised one hundred nnd ibiriy bush 

 els in one season. 



Clover likes a calcareoua soil, it grows veil on stiff 

 clays, not Jestitiue of lime, but it grows larger on a 

 ricb sandy loam. 



Tlie larger sort of clover being a later species, 

 yields its seed only with the first crop. It ripens 

 about ihe middle of August S. W. 



Wulc'loo, ScHccu CO., S'cpt. 10. 1840. 



From the Farmers* P'isiter. 

 Scotch Ilusbdinliy. 



The secret of the success of British Agricnhiire, is 

 Vic proper dirision and applicatiun of cxpmsc and 

 labor. Until the Highland Agricultural Society was 

 formed in Scotland, in 1781, that country was as pottr 

 m its agriculture, as may well be conceived. The 

 face of Scotland, in the middle of the last century, 

 was " as black as a howling wilderness;" up to that 

 time, all the manure used upon the farm was put up. 

 on a little patch; no wheat of consequence was rais- 

 ed; the oat crops were full of thistles and weeds: and 

 there was no rotation of crops. But by the concen- 

 trated elfortsof the members of the Highland Socie- 

 ty, means have been sought for obtaining and apply- 

 ing all the valuable manures, and bone dust has been 

 brought from foreign countries; the turnip husband- 

 ry has been gradually introduced, with other green 

 crops — which, in that country, ore subftitutes for our 

 Indian corn crops — rotations of five or six years is 

 practised, and the price of rent per acre, of lands be- 

 fore the improved cultivation of little value, has been 

 raised to eight ten, and twelve dollars, in the most 

 distant parts of that country, where the businees of 

 raising cattle is almost c.vcUisively pursued. The im- 

 provements of steam carriage, by land and water, 

 have bi ought the most distant counties of Scotland 

 near to the Smithfield cattle market of London, and 

 that country is now said to be richer in her arable 

 lands than any other part of Great Britain. 



The perfect system of British farming is worthy of 

 our attention, an immcnso saving is realized in every 

 large establishment from this system — the arrange- 

 ment and system of the Lowell manufacturing estab- 

 lishments were copied from those of Manchester, so 

 far as the condition of the two countries would admit: 

 and the great farming establishments of Great Britain 

 are conducted with as much order and system aa are 

 the manufacturing establishnienls: every man, every 

 beast, every tool, has its place, and no lime is lost in 

 the day's work of any man. Horses are generally 

 used, and perform with the plough or harrow, or oth- 

 er implements, much of the work that is done in this 

 country by hand: a team of horses and a man are cal- 

 culated to do xhz work of fifty acres of land, while the 

 crops requiring the hoe in Scotland, are attended by 

 females and children. The potatoes are planted and 

 dug by the plough, and in almost every crop, which 

 here requires the hoe, there the work is done by the 

 plough. 



The expense of human labor is less in that country 

 than in this. The annual cost of a pair of working 

 horses is set down at seventy pounds sterling — that of 

 a man to drive them, thirty pounds, the whole cost of 

 the team being two pounds ten shillings stciling an 

 acre. This team labors every working day in the 

 year, is well kept, so that the horses are worn out on- 

 ly by age. It works its regular hours every day, nev- 

 er varying; these are, ten hours in the summer and 

 eight hours in the winter, and this regularly secures 

 to the farmer a full equivalent for the cost of his labor. 

 —Hun. huac Hill's Address. 



A Good Farmer. 



One of the finest farms in the cnmty of Philadel- 

 phia, is that belonging to our friend General Castor, 

 situate in O.xford township, near the pleasant borough 

 of Frankford; and we may hardly add, that one of 

 the most skillul, persevering, and successful agricul- 

 turists within thesame limits, is the proprietor of that 

 form. We saw standing last week, one of the most 

 beautiful fields of about twenty acres of wheat we ev- 

 er beheld, which would average at least five and twen- 

 ty bushels to the acre. His oats, — some of them at 

 least, — look like a forest of young oaks, and we ven- 

 ture to say has seldom ever been excelled. Some of 

 the stalks of which, now in our office, measure up- 

 wards of six feci. Of hay, the General will cure a 

 larger quantity than perhaps any other farmer iir Fenn- 

 Bylvania, — for we believe, and it is indeed so estima- 

 ted by others who are better judges than ourself, that 

 not less than thrc^ hundred tons will be obtained 1 



These immense crops however, are not obtained 

 from poor bind and light manuring, and by trusliug 

 the operations of the farm to the superinlcndenec of 

 oibeis; for the old General is too good a husbandman 

 to fall into any such fatal error. Manure is a|)plied 

 with an unsparing hand, — indeed, scarcely one thou- 

 sand dollars per annum, would cover this item of ex- 

 pense; while the eye of the master, which Dr. Frank- 

 lin says will do more than both hands, is ever on the 

 alert, in directing the various duties of his rich and 

 beautiful plantation. — Germtinlotcn Tdcgraplt. 



nIea>^llrillg Corn. 



The following rule for nsceitaining the quantity of 

 shelled Corn, in a Irouse of any dimensions, is by Wil- 

 liam Murray, Es p, of South Caiolina, and was read 

 before the St. John's Colleton Agricult\iral Society, 

 and communicated by them for publication in the Sou- 

 thern Agriculturist. 



"Rule — Having previously levelled the Corn in the 

 house so that it will be of equal depth throughout, ascer- 

 taining the length and breadth and depth of the bulk; 

 multiply these dnnensions together, and their products 

 by 4, then crif off one figure Irom the right of this last 

 product. This will gi\e so many bushels and a deci- 

 mal of a bushel of shelled Corn. \i it be required to 

 find the quantity of ear Corn, substitute 8 for 4, and 

 cut olT one figure as before. 



Eiamplc. — In a bulk of Corn in the ear, measuring 



12feetlong, 11 feet broad and 6 feet deep, there will 



be 316 bushels and 8 tenths of a bushel of shelled 



Corn, or Gti'i bushels and U tenths of ear Corn, as: 



12 12 



11 11 



132 

 6 



7!)2 

 4 



132 

 6 



792 

 8 



31 C, 8 633,6 



The decimal 4 is used when the object is to find the 

 quantity in shelled Corn, because that decimal is half 

 of the decimal 8, and it requires two bushel of ear Corn 

 to make one of shelled Corn. In using these rules n 

 half a bushel may be added for every hundred, that a- 

 mount of ears results from the substitution of the dec- 

 imals. — Anir. paper. 



Tomato. 



The following is extracted from the Bjltimore 

 Morning Sun. 



" But we were discoursing on the nutritive quali- 

 ties of the tomato. This is a vegetable which de- 

 serves a far more general use. We know of no ar- 

 ticle that grows in our region of country that is more 

 healthful. It is well known that this I'act has procu- 

 red for the plant a medical standard. We doubt this 

 has not been entirely overrated. The idea started by 

 a certain medical gentleman several years since, was a 

 proof of this, and very likely grew out ol the circum- 

 stance of the healthful effects of a tomato diet, during 

 the prevalence of miasmiitic diseases, which afi'ect the 

 bilary organs in a greater or less degree — these being 

 the clas? of diseases in which physicians most gene- 

 rally resort to calomel. But there can be no mistake 

 as to the tonic effects of the vegetable under notice; 

 and we feel justified on the word of a medical friend, 

 in recommending it to the use of those debilitoted 

 from the ravages of disease peculiar to the warm 

 months — we mean those allccting the bowels. It 

 strikes us thot if tomatoes, prepared with large quan- 

 tities of stale bread and liberal use of salt, in the ordi- 

 nary stewing mode were adopted as the food for chil- 

 dren laboring under or recovering from "summer 

 disease," the result would be highly gratifying. The 

 experiment is well worth the testing. Of course un- 

 restrained indulgence in their use must not be allowed 

 by the parents." 



Piii7it your Tools. — Every farmer should he provi- 

 ded with a small quantity oi' the coarser kind of paints 

 — a few paint pots and brushes and paint oil. It is 

 very easy to mi.x them, and by keeping a small sup- 

 ply, he might keep his implements always in a good 

 state of preservation. The expense would be trifiing, 

 and the trouble next to nothing; and besides it is 

 wisely ordained that we can neither sow nor reap with- 

 out trouble. The greatest of all troubles must be that 

 of having nothing to do. To have a place for every 

 tool on the farm, and to keep them all painted and in 

 good order, and when not used, protected from sun 



and air, ought to be an amiuing as it is undoubtedly a 

 binding obligation on every farmer. — Am. Farmer, 



Foreign Sugars. 



According to the Report of the Secretary of tha 

 Treasury, the imports of Sugar into the United States, 

 during the year ending 30th September, 183!), a- 

 mounted to 132,r>80,527 lbs. There were also im- 

 ported of while and clayey sugar, &c., 12,690,646 

 lbs, making a grand total of l'J5,131,]71 lbs. Of 

 this quantity there were imported into Boston, 36,- 

 60;),'JII7 lbs.; into New York, 75,21^,936 lbs.; and 

 into I'hiladelphia, 20,107,537 lbs.; into Baltimore, 

 17,ol8,1601bs.; into New Orleans, 5,3):!3,84« lbs.; 

 into Charleston, .5,369,172 lbs.; into Norfolk, 4,172,- 

 134 1113.; into Salem, 1,761,218 lbs.; and the bal- 

 ance into smaller ports. — Am. Farmer. 



For Farmers' Wives ajid Daughters. 



There ia a greot deal of excellent good sense in the 

 following passage, which we take from an address de- 

 livered a short time since before the Essex County 

 Agricultural Society, by Allen Futman, Esq., of Dan- 

 vers, one of the Representatives of that town. 



"I have a few words for the farmers' wives.— 

 However skilful, industrious, and prudent, your hus- 

 bands may be, their success in money making de- 

 pends as much upon you as upon them. Economy 

 and skill on your part in turning every thing to the 

 best account, are essential to profitable husbandry. — 

 Pel haps there is scope for study, experiments, and im- 

 provement in your departments. All are not equally 

 successful in the management of the dairy. Poor 

 pastures, poor cows, poor cellars, are the alleged rea- 

 sons for the dill'erence in results. These things un- 

 doubtedly are often the causes of failure to obtain but- 

 ter in large quantities and of good quality. But may 



not the fault sometimes lie with the dairy woman? 



Is her business so simple as to be alwoys understood ? 

 You begin to suspect that I doubt whether some of 

 you perfectly mastered the art of butler making. — ft 

 may be an ungallant doubt, but listen to the particulars 

 of one case in point, and then judge whether I can 

 help doubting. As stated to me, the (acts are these. — 

 One of our farmers, the summer before last, employ- 

 ed successfully, and for short terms each, three dairy 

 women. Here the cows, the pasture, the cellar, and 

 all the dairy apparatus were the same; and how was 

 the result ? One obtained seventeen pounds of but- 

 ter per week, the second twenty-three, and the third 

 twenty-seven. Such acts should induce many oi you 

 to vary your processes and note the results, 



Phdanthrophy, looking forward, sighs at conee- 

 quences which must follow from changes that a '■e ta- 

 king place in the habits and employments of your 

 daughters. Circumstances beyond your control have 

 thrown the healthful spinning wheel upon the pile of 

 rubbish in the garret. Housework and the dairy do 



not furnish sufiicient employment for the females 



Either mothers or daughters must resort to something 

 else by which to contribute a share in the support of 

 the familj'. It is too commonly the case that the 

 daughters resort to some occupation that is not siiffi. 

 ciently active and invigorating. The needle is ta- 

 king the bloom from many of their cheeks, and vigor 

 from their frames. The evil is augmented by that 

 mode ot dress (1 ought to use a harsher term) which 

 obstructs the natural and healthy developeinent of 

 lungs and chests; also by avoiding exposure to the 

 weather; and a too ctl'cminate reliance upon the 

 horse for services which heaven intended should be 

 rendered by their own limbs ! The lamentable con- 

 sequences will not be confined to them; children will 

 inherit the feebleness of their mothers, and a sickly 

 race will come after us. 



Useful as the needle is, and beautiful as arc its con- 

 tributions to our show, I appeal to the mothers to for- 

 bid its excessive, its constant use by their daughters. 

 I entreat them, as they value the well being of their 

 children, to give to their daughters daily and thorough 

 training in the care and labor of the dairy and of all 

 household affairs. — It were well — well for them and 

 a future race, that they should revive the acquain- 

 tance which their mothers had with the milking stool, 

 the garden, and to some extent the field; for then 

 bloom would flow in fuller tides through all their 

 veins: they would acquire vigor of body and sound- 

 ness of mind, that will contribute to their usefulness 

 and enjoyments, when time shall bring them to the 

 places which you now hold — shall make them the 

 wives of farmers, and mothers of the rising genera- 

 tion." 



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