10. 



A N D G A R D E N E R ' S J O U R N A L. 



155 



niinionls of his own country, when lie nssiircii 

 (Lioi J18 people and sjoverniucnt dieiied pence — 

 j)t nii'iiuiit pcaccj wiili nil uniion^, but especinlly, 

 innkdtandins w.tli On i»t IJiitnin, upon terms 

 itilile wilb tlio rights luid honor of both, lie re- 

 in hiiving it ill his power to attend on the pre- 

 xasion; for besides the opportunity it ntfordcd 

 witness proceedings so congenial to his tecl- 

 it eiiJibK'tl him to express in person his senee of 

 niMwiiieh the society had done him, in electing 

 w; oi' its honorary mcnbers. In such an ns- 

 y It would be needless to expatiate on the subject 

 iciiliiirc and its clninis to sui'port; he, however, 

 di^iin^ition to throw out one or two suggestions 

 might be worthy of consii'crnlion All con- 

 d ill ascribing to ngriculiiire a liigh plncc in the 

 ^t' inilividunl nnd national interests, but yet he 

 bt ihcy did not give it the importnnce it merited, 

 which it justly aspired — in other words that too 

 Mipposed the object of ngrieullure was clone 

 rposos of subaistcnce. Now, a more fallacious 



II could not obtain, than that the responsibilities 

 culture stopped at the proditi-tioii of food for 



-The duties of agriculture were like those of 

 =. they spread Ijcyond the circle of providing 

 aiH of subsistence, into a wide exjianse crented 

 obligations nnsiiig out of a state of society, 

 ere connected with all the great national inter- 

 Hence the support of government, the encour- 



III of coiiunerce, the brij-is of trade, the subsis- 

 ol the learned professions, depend upon the im- 



and interests of agriculture: it \va? the source 

 vhieb not only nil classes derive subsistence, but 

 rity. Asnn olrcct of universal benefit, then, it 

 ally entitled to universal patronage. Agricul- 

 aj juttly been considered nationnl property: the 

 country was one great farm, and the inhaiiitants 

 great family, iit which however, those who 

 d the least had often the most profit. Now, if 

 ?re true, as he believed it to be to a certain e.\- 

 aeii those who were not farmers had still as deep 

 eresl as the farmer bims<lt', iinismuch as the 

 class employed in ngricuhural districis and la- 

 ^re the first to be subsisted, and that of the other 

 out of the suiplus — nnd, of course, the larger 

 rplus, the greater would be the profit: this was 

 h argument it might he said, but yet he thought 

 be less strong- 

 ill the modes that had been resorted to in aid of 

 ture, the most benelicini were associations of 

 aiaeter — societies for the collection and dill'u- 

 kuowledge, the introduction of useful experi- 

 the writinga of nble and distinguished men, 

 3 cmntat'wn so essential to all improvement. — 

 e was absolutely ncccssoiif to modern ngricul- 

 itcory nnd practice reflected light upon ench otb- 

 this wa3 the more felt as, of all pursuits, there 

 1 class so wedded to old habits which were so 

 ling, as those who cultivate the soil; and this 

 ; case in the nnc world as well as the otd. He 

 h theref )re, in the giant strides which agricul- 

 is making in every part of the globe, under the 

 ial aids of practical science: this was one of the 

 lenefits which this society would accomplish, 

 iny man doubted the extent to which science 

 lefitlcd agriculture, let him visit England and 

 id. And why was it so ? Simply, because its 

 was cultivated upon principles which were 

 t to the test of rapid nnd severe experiment: 

 1 agriculture was scientilieally and philosopbi- 

 iirsued, and because she had such excellent far- 

 It a foreigner wished to know what Eiiginnd 

 J must go into the country and mix with her 

 I and yeomanry. It had been said, he believ- 

 ne of the princes of the reigning family, thnt 

 le of England was her yeo:nnnry — he re-ccho- 

 sentiinenl, and he was happy to belong, when 

 e, to thnt class — not to the proud distinction of 

 n American citizen, but that of being a farmer. 

 I could look upon isuch an assembly as this 

 t feeling himself ele /.ted and grntified ? They 

 ere all classes united in this great work — the 

 ic good, the public and the private man; those 

 led high places, mixing with the farmers and 

 ors of the soil upon perfect equality, and the 

 peace and charity shedding around a holy calm, 

 ng alike to the feelings and to the intellect ! — 

 upon this society, and its wide-eprending and 

 mding purposes, that the eyes of Europe and 

 a were now fixed with a steady gaze, and he 

 there would be no disappointment of their nr- 

 pes ! Viewed in relation to their own country, 

 'as every motive for supporiling it, but viewed 

 lion to its elfecta upon other nations — as has 

 letly said — the motive for exertion rose into a 



much higher and nobler sentiment; it became ihen the 

 cause, not of tlicir country or his, but that of man- 

 kind ! And wlio wns so poor or sordid in sjiirit, as to 

 think only of liiniself or his country, when the great 

 nuestioii was, whether the earth sbouki be inluibited 

 nnd cultivated by enlightened and virtuous and reli- 

 gious men, or by debased and ignornnt huiniin beings 

 and hoides of suvages ? In concluding, the honorable 

 gentlemen said he cmild only ii-peat his thanks for the 

 kindness and honor done him, niui his best wishes for 

 the success of their association; hv trusted thnt it 

 might fulfil its high purposes, do honor to its founders, 

 and bei.efit mankind throughout the universe." 



ToKpep Silk Worm K^gs for next Vcar. 



Our cxperiLiu-e this year has furnished much valu- 

 able informntion as to the best method of keeping silk 

 worm eggs for hatching ut any time next tuiiimer: 

 and, as this is the proper senson for commencing the 

 process, wc wiil give whnt weeonsider the best mode. 

 The eggs should be removed to a cool, dry cellar os 

 soon ns they are rip<: ; thnt is, ns toon as they have 

 changed color, or become ol'n [leculiar blue slate color 

 If they are on papers or cloth, they may be folded up 

 into a convenient form, nnd pluced in a tin box, with a 

 cover merely suinciently tight lo exclude insects nnd 

 vermin. Tijey should be exaiiiincd occasionally du- 

 ring the summer, to see thnt the papers or cioih do not 

 get mildewed or nioukiy: if they do, they must be ex- 

 posed to the wind in the shade for nn hour or two, till 

 they become dry, and then replaced. If the eggs 

 have been taken olf thepaptrs or cloths, they may be 

 put in the tin box in layers of half nn inch with a lew 

 folds or sheet of tin between them. In January, du- 

 ring cold weather, the box may be removed to the ice 

 house or a refrigeiutor. We prefer a r€frigcrator, be- 

 cause we call regulate the teinpernture in it exnctly; 

 and if wc had nn ice house, we would still use the re- 

 frigerator for thnt reason. During the remainder of 

 the winter, a thermoioctor should be kept in the box 

 among the egg*, thnt the prtcise temperature may at 

 all times be observed. From the time that they aie 

 put into the ice house till they are wanted for hatching, 

 the temperature should never be allowed to rise above 

 45°. The cges will generally bear 50"^, without 

 hatching, but 45^ is more certain. After the natural 

 season lor hutching has arrived — say after the I5ih of 

 April in this latitude, any exposure to a higher tempe- 

 rature will tend to the hatching of the eggs, and must 

 be avoided. The eggs we put in our refrigerator last 

 January are yet in perfect condition, nnd hatch regu- 

 larly, beginning on the t-th day after exposure. We 

 use from a peek to iinlf a bushel of ice daily, depend- 

 ing upon the wnrmth of the weather. Halt a bushel 

 wns abundant during the hottest weather in July. — 

 When the ice is properly applied, the temperntuie is 

 kept reinaiknbly cqunble wiihcnit the slighest difficulty. 

 The fc-nrs that the eggs will be liable to dampness, 

 and consequently injury, when kept in n refrigerator 

 at a low temperature, are gronndlets. At a tempera- 

 ture of 4-0 ° , no diimpneES can exist in the refrigera- 

 tor, as, if the. e be any vapour evolved from the ice, it 

 is immediately condensed by the low temperature. — 

 In iUusuation of this fact, we will mention that we 

 had a quantity of eggs thnt had accidentally got wet; 

 they were litei ally SJnking in water. We spread them 

 on a quire of paper in the refrigerator, nnd in a few 

 hours they were as dry ns powder, nnd so remained. — 

 Mould and mildew cannot form in n temperature of 

 4.5 ° . Where the ico house is not good, nnd conse- 

 quently the air in it is filled with dampness or vapour, 

 a refrigerntor should be used. 



Nothing is easier than the construction of n refrige- 

 rator. A large S'lunre box mny be made ot' common 

 lilaiik, and another twelve inches smaller each way. — 

 Put pulverized charcoal in the bottom of the large box, 

 six inches deep; set the small box on it at equnl dis- 

 tances from each side and end; then fill in ail round 

 between the soinll box and the large one with pulveri- 

 zed charconi to the top of the small box. Then make 

 a boz six inches deep, nnd large enough to fit exactly 

 in the large box; fill this with the powdered charconi; 

 this latter box will niiswcr the purpose of a cover for 

 the refrigerator. The inner box should be large 

 enough to hold all the eggs required to be kept, and a 

 tin bucket, or other melalic vessel, that will hold half 

 a bushel of ice; for the ice must not be put upon the 

 floor of the box, ns it will wet the eggs as it melts. — 

 The ice vessels must be kept constantly supplied with 

 ice. The box cover may have a ciiqile of handles, to 

 enable the attendant to remove it conveniently. — 

 The cover will not shut in so cliwely ns to exclude n;r 

 entirely, nor so as to injure the eggs. Itwill naturnlly 

 be supposed that there will be danger of warming the 

 eggs by freiiuently opening the box; but this is e mis- 



taken notion, ns iinlesa it be kept open too long — say 

 nioie tlinii a minute or two ench time, no warm nir 

 can g( t into it: bccnuse the cold nir in the box being 

 benvier thnn the: externni wnrm nir, will mcesrnrily 

 remain in the box, nor enn warm air descend in- 

 to it, biing too ligbt to displace it. This refrig- 

 erator may be kept in any jiart of the houre, the 

 cooler its situation, the less ice it will require; but half 

 n bushel cd ice will kee|) it at the proper temperature 

 for twenty four hours, in any situation not exposed to 

 the tun or to fire heat. — G. B. S. — Jour Amr. Silk 

 Society. 



From the Essex Keghttr. 



Prclit of Bee Kceplus^. 



We observed in the Mercantile Journal I'st week, 

 an article on ibis subject, which deseives considera- 

 tion; nnd as the f.dlowing facts, within ourown know- 

 ledge, conlii 111 the position assumed therein, they msy 

 not be uninteresting. 



Col. H. K. Oliver of this city, has for several years 

 paid great attention to the management of bees; nnd 

 after a scries of cxporimciils and unwearied diligence, 

 he has now reached n wonderful degree o'" perfection. 

 His apiaries, wc mny safeiy say, nre the finest in the 

 Stnle, nnd we unhesitatingby chnllenge any individn. 



al to exhibit a belter n nnaged or more productive. 



Col. O. uses the non-swarming collnteral hive, which 

 he thinks better adapted to cities and populous places 

 than any other. We had the pleasure of witncss'ng 

 the labor of his busy operatives latt week, and can as- 

 sure our readers that it is a sight well worth seeing. 

 The hives nre so constructed that one can ohtctve 

 without danger all the operations of these indefatign- 

 ble laborers, and draw tin rcfroni many a useful lesson. 



Col. Oliver has two aidaries, one containing eieht, 

 nnd the other (paitly stocked) to contnin seven hives. 

 The hives consists of one central and two collateral 

 boxes — the honey being drawn only from collnteinis, 

 lenving thnt in ihe central box where the bees nre pre- 

 served during the cold wenther, as stock for their 

 winter sup|dy. Some of them have, in addition to 

 the two collaterals, n top box to contain glnsses to be 

 filled by the bees. During the present year, ten hives 

 have yielded an average of 50 lbs. ench, mnking 500 

 lbs. of honey, which sells readily here at £5 certs per 

 pound. Some of the hives yield as high ns bO lbs. 

 each. The honey is the whitest, clearest, purest, we 

 hnve ever seen, and fresh fionr *he comb 's truly deli- 

 cious. 



As to the profit of keeping bees, there cannot he a 

 qnesiion, the Col. thinks, if they are rightly mnnaged. 

 But like all other slock, they netd cnre nnd ntteit- 

 tion, and must not, to be made inofitable, be kept in 

 the usunl rough boxes of the farmers, nor left to tho 

 tender mercies of the moth. By the common m.eth- 

 ed, in order to get the honey the bees nre nil killed; — 

 but by the improved method they ate all saved nlive, 

 end are deprived of only the excess of hiTiiey over 

 what is necessary for the winter's conpumption. 



Our townsmen, Mefsrs, Holman and Pippen, hnvo 

 npinries also, constructed on the snme bee-preserving 

 princij)le, nnd equnlly profitable. 



The following is the article from the Journal: 



Profit of bef. liiiKi'tNO. — We apprehend our far- 

 mers, nnd especially the small ones, and their wives 

 nnd children, and divers people, so situated that they 

 might as well ns not hnve a hand in the businccs.hnvo 

 missed it not a little by underiaiiiig bees as nn nnicle 

 of mere profit. We know nothing against Wr. 

 Wceks's petition thnt they may be cirltivntcd in such 

 a manner ns to render them niiue profitable lo their 

 owneis than timj lirnitch of agrii ulttue, in pToriortiun 

 to the capital incepted in their stock. Tbey nre not 

 taxable property, neither does it requiie a large Innd 

 investment, nor fences, nor docs it require the owner 

 to labor through the summer to support them through 

 the winter. Care is indeed necessary, but a child or 

 supcrnnnunted person enn |:erfoim most of the duties 

 that nre necessary. The cobwebs must be kept awny 

 from the immediate vicinity of the hive, and nil other 

 nnnoyTnces removed, Ac. It is added, truly, that the 

 mnnagement of bees is a delightful enijiloyment. and 

 may be pursued with the best succets in cities and vil- 

 lages, as well as towns nnd country. It is n source of 

 great nmusemcnt ns well ns comfort nnd profit. They 

 collect honey and bread from most kinds of forest trees, 

 as well as garden flowers, orchards, forests, and trees 

 — all contribut to their wan's, and their owner is grat- 

 ified WMth a lasie of" the whidc. Sweet mignionette \a 

 especially mentioned as easily eullivnied by drills in a 

 garden, and is one of the finest nnd richest flowers in 

 the world, from which the honey bee can extract its 

 iciod. 



