r50 



^s» 



T H B NEW G E N E S fi E FARMER^ 



Vo 



Pears. 



Two years ago Inet epring, we had a eoneiderable 

 number of pear grafts, — from Robert Manning of Sa- 

 lem in Mnetachueeits (perhaps the best pomologist in 

 the United Smiea), — act on large stocks; and this sea- 

 son four of those sorts have fruited. The Julienne has 

 borne plentifully, and the pears are now ripe (9 mo. 

 1.) We are rather disappointed however, in regard 

 to their quality — they have not much flavor; but we 

 know that some pears are fine in some seasons, and 

 indirtcrent in others; and on turning to the Magazine 

 of Horticulture, we find the following note by J. M. 

 Ives of Salem: "Julienne. In 1838, a small crop, 

 and good. In 1839, a large crop, and worlhleos." 

 Was this latter result in coneequence ol the tree hav- 

 ing' more fruit than it could nourish and mature ? 

 And if so will not this sort become more worthless as 

 the tree becomes older ? 



The character of this penr however, stands high. 

 Kenrick says, " This is one of the most beautiful and 

 valuable fruits of its season, and deserving of exten- 

 sive cultivation." R. Manning several years ago cal- 

 led it "a fine pear;" and lately referring to 'he crop 

 of last season, he said it was *' fair and good." So 

 we will hope to be more successful another 3'ear. 



This pear is later than one that we have known as 

 Bohlen's which it greatly resembles ; but two 

 grafts from the same tree often vary a week or 

 more in the time of ripening when set on diffeient 

 stocks. Our Bohlen pears this season, however, 

 though from a tree juet recovering from disease, were 

 superior to the Julienne, and more than a fortnight 

 earlier. 



Kenrick gives the Bloodgood pear of New York as 

 a synonym, but this must be a mistake, as R. Man- 

 ning sent grafts under the name of Bloodgood no lon- 

 ger ago than last winter, which are now growing in 

 our nursery; and it ia to be presumed that he would 

 not send the same pear under two different names. 

 Besides he described the Bloodgood as of " large 

 size" ripening in "August;" but the Julienne as a 

 small pear ripening in " September." 



On another of those grafts, the Johonnot pear is ri- 

 pening. Prince describes its shape and eolorj but 

 says nothing of nafaror. Kenrick calls it " good;" 

 and .Manning " I'lrstrate," — in which opinion several 

 of our family unite. 



One of the two remaining sorts that have come so 

 soon into bearing, is the Cnshivg ; and we mention 

 cur success for the encouragement of horticulturists. 

 But on the other hand, fifteen jears ago, we grafted 

 the UcT^innnt pear, and from two trees which have 

 now become large, we have never had six cents worth 

 of fruit. This season there is just about enough on 

 the trees — plenty without crowding; and an amateur 

 well acquainted with this variety which he considcis 

 very fine, — assures us that the lost time will now be 

 made up. 



The superior excellence of " the Scptcmlcr pear," 

 ia admitted by those who are fond of sweet fruit; but 

 the name is without doubt, local. From its great di- 

 versity of shape, it may be difficult to give a descrip- 

 tion adapted to all its vcriations in different climates; 

 but from all the information we have been able to col- 

 lect, it appears to be the Summer Bon Chretien. 



Respecting this pear, we learn from the Poinologi- 

 cal Magazine that " its origin is lost in the darknessof 

 antiquity." Sonic have conjectured it svas more than 

 three hundred years old, " probably much higher;" 

 but " it is quite certain that it has found a place in 

 ;l-ery work of consequence for the last one hundred 

 and fifty years. — It has long been cultivated all over 

 Europe for the sake of the size and the delicious fla. 

 Torof its fruit;" and "it is known by a great nuin 



ber of names. — In Vienna, it is known by that of 

 of Plutzcrbime, from its resemblance in form to a 

 wine flask." 



Presuming that our pear is identical with the Sum- 

 mer Bon Chretien, we would remark that in some 

 particulars it has not been fully described; and we 

 proceed to will mention them: 



1. A broad channel often occurs on fine specimens, 

 as if the sliding pressure of one's finger had pushed a 

 part of the pulp from the blossom end up one side of 

 the stem; but whether a channel occurs, or not, our 

 well-grown apecimena show a deficiency at one side of 

 the blossom, and which corresponds with the projec- 

 tion up the stem. 



2. About halfway up from the blossom end (Some- 

 times more) there is a sudden contraction in the 

 breadth of this pear so that it is neither pyramidal nor 

 turbinate. 



3. The leaf is more smooth and shining than that of 

 any other pear which we have seen; and we have al- 

 ways been able to distinguish this tree solely by its 

 leaf, though it is shaped like on apple tree, broad and 

 spreading. 



Stem, varying in length from one and a half to two 

 and a half inches. iSee</s generally " all abortive." 



On young trees, the fruit is commonly fair. On 

 old trees, i/ left untrimmcd, it is more knotty, distor 

 led, and smaller, — for the limbs grow very close to. 

 gether. We can give young branches to old trees 

 however, by thinning out, and heading dozen ; and 

 induce them to bear as well as in former sea- 

 sons. The youth and vigor of the branch is the main 

 thing — the age of the stock unimportant. Last win- 

 ter we trimmed our trees, and nearly all the fruit 

 which is well exposed to the light, is fair. 



In the vicinity of Boston this pear is of li;tle value 

 on account of its being subject to spots and cracks; 

 and such, we have been informed, is also the case in 

 some parte of Conccticut. These spots appear to be 

 parasitic plants (Lic/icn?) which consume the juices 

 and prevent the growth of those parts of the pear 

 which they cover — the swelling of the other parts 

 causing the cracks. Kenrick, who believed in the 

 doctrine of " worn out varieties," says, "celebrated 

 more for its great age and beauty than avy thing else. 

 A poor bearer and neither highly esteemed or recom- 

 mended. Quintinie, 140 years ago, called it a bad 

 pear." 



From this style of writing, we should infer that 

 Kenrick had not seen the "Guide to the Orchard and 

 Fruit Garden. In 1831, Lindley described it as "ve- 

 ry sweet and excellent;" and afterwards called it " a 

 very excellent old pear," adding " It is rather too ten- 

 der for nn open standard" (in England.) Such also 

 may the case in the neighborhood of BcMton. Either 

 ihc soil, or the climate, or the manngemcnt is unsuit- 

 able; but in Western New York, it deserves the char- 

 acter of a first rate fruit. 



The Scclicl pear with us, grows on a shrub, and not 

 on a tree if the least height of the latter be taken at 

 eight' en feet. Its growth is very slow both in the 

 nursery and in the fruit garden. If grafted high from 

 the ground however, it soon comes into bearing and 

 liears exuberantly; so much so indeed that if left to 

 itself, the fruit will not attain half its proper size, and 

 consequently not its full flavor. Last winter we had 

 ours tiimmed; and the result will warrant ue in strong- 

 ly rccoinmendlng this practice to horticulturists. 



It would appearfrom Coxe's description thathehad 

 mistaken the Ro^isselet dc Rheims for this invaluable 

 pear. The former in our fruit garden is of little val- 

 ue, as it rots as it softens on the tree; but the Seckel 

 on the contrary belongs to the clasa of Bon Chretiens 

 — so-diul to the core, i 



Stevens's Geiitsee Pear. 



We obtained grafts of this fine variety, several 

 ago of James K. Guernsey of Pittsford: and thii 

 son, we have been able, very satisfactorily, to te 

 value. "I never tasted o better pear," wa»the ei ' 

 sion used by several of the jury whom we had 

 monedon the occasion; and this verdict agrees e ': 

 ly with our own judgment. 



We have not found any description of this fruil '■ 

 therefore submit the following, which may require 

 modifying when a greater number are examine* - 

 compared, for when we thought of making the atU ■' 

 there was only one left. 



Fruil, thick, ovate, swollen at the sides, i '' 

 three inches in height, and more than two inche 

 six tenths in breadth, Stem, thick, an inch lon( 

 serted obliquely in a deep narrow depression, 

 distinctly dotted with light brown, and slightly ti 

 with red on the sunny side. Bye, open, in a moc ^ 

 and regular depression. Flesh, white, melting, 

 high flavored juice. Ripens, the middle of th 

 month. 



Prince remarks in his Pomological Manual thi 

 should be gathered as soon as the stem will separi 

 a clean fracture, and ripened in the house ; and 

 be eaten as soon as it becomes yellow and mello 

 it will not keep." Such treatment it receives i 

 hands. 



The New Large White Carrot. 



Messes. Euitobs — I purchased last spring . 

 Rochester Seed Store, a paper of the white 

 seed, which I had seen recommended in the cata 

 as soi/iething new brought over from England b 

 Battham last fall. I can assure you it exceed 

 most sanguine expectations, and I believe it will 

 a great acquisition to our assortment ol root cro 

 field culture. I this day pulled one about mii 

 size, and it meosured 18 inches in length, and 9 

 es in circumference in the middle. It was very i 

 ly tapering; pure white color; flesh very fine an 

 vy. The land on which they are growing, is a 

 sandy soil, manured last year for potatoes. 



Yours, &e., WM. WE] 



[rondeifuoit, Monroe co., Sept. 1840. 



Remarl^. — Mr. Geo. Sheffer of Wheatland, bi 

 us in some fine specimens of this carrot, a few 

 since. He is highly pleased with them. — Eds. 



For the New Genesee Far 

 Crops in Sonth Venice in 18'10. 



I take my pen to give you a short account 

 crops grown in this quarter the past season. 



Wheat. — The crop is unusually good; better t 

 ban been for many years past. The berry is f 

 think I never saw better. There are however, 

 pieces almost ruined by that fatal weed, the stien i 

 of which every farmer in this section has more o 



Com, in this section, looks extremely fine, 

 the appeorance now of being a very large crop. ' 

 was a great deal planted in this quarter, therefor 

 der the present auspices it cannot bring a high 

 I have not, since 1834, seen this crop look so fini 

 stately as at present; many fields will yield on an 

 age from fifty to sixty bushels per acre. 



Peas. — The crop is very good, though not so 

 so as last season. The weather, the greater part ■ 

 time, has been too warm for this crop to do well. 



Oats. — Almost every field in this vicinity is ur 

 monly good; better, by tar, than last season, audi 

 may be considered as a fiist rate crop in this sectii 

 country. 



Barley. — Whot little there was sown, is very 



Potatoes ore very good, though not quite as go 

 was anticipated a few weeks since; however ther 'i 

 be a pretty fair crop. There were a great many • 



