S^o. 11. 



A ND GARDEN ER'S JOURNAL. 



175 



ix inches npuii, cutting thcte drills ot" iwc nn<i a h/:if 

 iet njmrt nt one uperntiim. For cnrrot nml parsnip, 

 .lur let'lli wore furniched, eet two reel apart, cuUin^i 

 ?ur (Irilld, two fpet CcuniiiT, nt one operation. Seed 

 own continoiibly in the ill ill by hand, inquontily, fur 

 11 nbaut tbrcj limes 03 niiicii ns planlswould he re- 

 uiii.d. Ail wasao-.vnbelwfen the Kiih iind IHlh of 

 ipril. When well up and properly developed, ibe 

 eet and mangel v.-nital were thinned to six or yeven 

 ichea apart, the carrots to three or fuur, and the pars- 

 ijis to lour or live inch s apart. 



The hoeinywns pcrtuimed with a cnltivntor, eel 



;ith duck feet or fcalpers; it might he drugged by a 



out man, hut in the present case a light, short-lrtad 



oree was iis-hI, htf by a cirelul nina, while a thorough 



and heUl or conducted t'le ecolper. The liiddcr, »m* 



loughman, a'lould be ot (luick eye and stiirdy hand, 



be prepared tor the elighte&t deviation of the horec 



hifh might bring the outline f=cnlpci8 ne.\t the drill, 



t which tbe inclinati.in tended, upon the plante, 



hjch would prove aa fatal to them ad the weede — the 



yilptra miking clean work of all that conic in their 



Ry, By thia ninhod of hoeing, ond of keeping the 



louud clean and loose, much Inbor and time were ea- 



d, for in two hours as much might be done in ihifi 



ay, as would lake a good hand to perform in a week, 



id then it w»'uld be better doiie by the scalper than 



t' hand hoeing. An hour or two by the bcnlper, at 



operand convenient periods, with now and then o 



ody hand we..'(Iing when coarse weeds were observn- 



e among the plants, were all the time and labor 



s'.owed at this important s'.at-e of culture. Taking 



le whole labor from the bejiinnins to the gathering of 



.e roots included, it wouKl not be greaier than that 



hich is usually i'eslowed on a well worked pa'xh of 



irn; nor cnn the maui^re used, be catimated, aa to 



inntity ond value, to be greater than would he rcqui- 



d for potiitocs cultivolerl in the common and usual 



ay on a patch of ground in similar condition. 



l'It0DU<T. 



igar beet, le??; than tlupc-fourths of an ncre, h.iving in tl;c 



pa' I'll '.en Uir^e old apple trec'^, prculiiced iJ4U ImsLcIs clean 



iml close topped roots ; a bualicl (us or- Tuus, cict. qr$. lbs. 



tliiibrilv fiUetl in manner i.s tl:e OIU) 



weiglie'l64Ins. 18 5 2 21 



Lingel wurtzel, less tlmn Lhrep-ciaii lis of 



an ncre, liuving sis api)!e irees in ihe 



pat.;li, 320 Imsl.el^, 9 2 3 12 



eld carrot, hulf an r.cre. Ii;tvini^ nine ap- 



ole trees in the pniuh, "leo hnsliely. 7 6 2 & 



gar parsnip, one-fourth of an ;;cre,Jir.v- 



ng seven apple trees in tlte pa.ch, 12l> 



jusbels, 3 8 ? 8 



Total, 



23 



In leed than two acres. — Would not be over one 

 d, three-fourths of an acre, deducting space of trees. 

 allowance be made for trees ond their shade, the 

 ove result mu»t prove very encouraging to those 

 10 intend to turn their attention to the cidture of 

 een crops. 



The drill ond scalper were constructed at home, by 

 d under the direction of Peter Keifter, gardener to 

 r. Gownn, who superintended the whole process of 

 Urvation, and by whom the principnl labor was per- 

 med, and this he did while having the care of a 

 ge garden and neat green house. This is instanced 

 show thnt the time consumed in raising the roots, 

 18 not so great as many might be led to inragine, and 

 pay a well merited compliment to the skill and in- 

 siry oi' Peter Keiffcr, to whom the premiums should 

 awarded, if the crops be deemed worthy of such 

 Xlwctiov.,'— Fanners^ Cuhinet, 



a the syperioi' advantngres of throwing Orch- 

 aid Grass AVith Red Clover. 



ud before the P!ulaildp/iia Society for promoi'ms 

 Agriailli'Tc, March 4, 1840, bi/ James Aieusc, M. 

 D.J v. Pnsidtnt. 



My attention was first called to this subject when 

 iding the late Mr. Badley's notes on Husbandry, 

 769) in which he etaies the benefit to be derived 

 m sowing together the two grasses first mentioned, 

 d his remarks appeared so well founded in renson, 

 111 was disposed to pursue the practice he lecom- 

 inded; but before trying the ex^)erimeni 1 consulted 

 jinte Algernon Roberta, of Philadelphia county, one 

 onr best farmers, on the subject, end was pleased to 

 ir hiin approve of the measure. 

 My question wai?,. *' which was the best gmss to 

 )W M'ith red clover ?" He answered at once, '*0r- 

 ird grass," by reason of their blooming at the same 

 le, and the orchard grass t^iving early and latepae- 

 e, which was a great object with him, ns he devo- 

 , his ottontion to the supply of butter for the Phila- 

 phia market. Joseph Cooper, of New Jersey, to 

 lom i also applied for an opinion on the same point, 



wrs e»;tjally prompt in fa\orof the iiiijon of the two 

 gcnsBef in question. Thus backed, 1 had no hesiuitioir 

 in deviiiting froiu the utual routine adopted in Dela- 

 ware, and etill coniinuid very generally throuiihout 

 PonnsyUania; and upon the lirbtiieldof wheat which 

 I hn"d dovvn, viz: in If-'K."), 1 had sown the following 

 spTing, Vi merieured pints of clover seed with one 

 l)U"hel and a naif ol oiciiord gtaes, previously well 

 mixed. After the grain was removed, I saw with 

 very great delight, both grosfccs thickly covering the 

 giound, ond nearly as high as the blubblc; and Icie in 

 th' nulinnn had the saiitfaction to see my cows enjoy, 

 ing a luxuiioiia, succulent repast, afterthe fields which 

 Were sown with Timothy and clover in the vicinity liad 

 ceased to supply it. But this grotilicaiinn wao Muall, 

 when compared with that 1 experienced the following 

 spring, by beholding ihc orchard gtats in full blos- 

 som at the same time with its companion, and ihe 

 grouiwi -thk'kly set wiih both. Reserving a certain 

 fjpace for maturing the eced of the orchard grass, 1 

 had the crop cut when a few only of the clover blos- 

 soms were beginning to turn, being then sure of per- 

 fect maturity of the rest, and found that they, equally 

 with the leaves, lelained their connec'dnn with the 

 stalk much better than when the graf.s was cut afier 

 li.e clover blossoms had asbumed a darker hue. An- 

 other advantage attending this early cutting, ip, that 

 the stalks prcEcive their pliancy, and are enten 

 freely by cattle; whereas they are watted when they 

 become hard, from die mowing having been done at a 

 late period. 



My experience of six years of the union of the two 

 grasses, enables me to say that the advantages of sow- 

 ing orchaid grass in pieference to Timothy arc as fal- 

 lows: — 



1. Two crops in plnce of one, 



ii. Good pobture Inlein ihe autumn ins'.eid of none. 



3. The curing of both grosfccs in full perfection, 

 while when Timothy is town, the clover blo-some and 

 leaves are dead, black, and chieHy fall off in the curing 

 of the hay, owing to the ripening ol the Timothy Ixi 

 or 15 days after the clover. Farmers will never cut 

 their grass until the Timothy is fit for the scythe. 



5- Knrly pasture, even before the peatiferons, hate- 

 ful wild garlic makes its appearance, or at least as ear- 

 ly OS the latter, and by its rapid growth, smothers or 

 lessens this enemy to the products of the daily. The 

 same remarks opply to the autumnal growth of garlic. 



Orchard grass is upon a par with Timothy, in point 

 of nutritive quality and animal partiality, and will 

 command nearly as great a price as Timothy. Two 

 crops, and the early and late posture of the orchard 

 grass make up for the feinoll dilference in the price of 

 hay from the two groeee^, — Practical rarmcr. 



There ore few coiuluclore of agriculturol journals 

 n the United States, but will bear testimony to tho 

 jubtnch-s of the fullowing lemorke. Mr. Klhworth 

 hcH set a i)rai8ewonhy example to other public ofl'icers, 

 by his active ond elficieni zeol in the promotion of the 

 iiuereeisof ttgri-julture. We cheerfully give plocc to 

 this tet-timoniol of appiobation, and it is diubly in- 

 creased in value, coming, as it doed, from so able and 

 distinguibhed a source — from the pen of Henry Vol- 

 man, of ftiassachubcita. — Am. Far. 

 So say we. — Eds. Nao Gai. Pur. 



Ilewry 5^. EIIsMorlh, Esq. 



Commissioner of Paltnts at Washingtun. 

 We have too high a respect for this genilemanp 

 and too much self-rei^pect, to ut-e, in ppeoking of him, 

 the innguage ol flattery; but we have no hesitation in 

 Sfiying that agricuUiiic has not in the United Slates, a 

 more efficient or devoted fiiend. He is full of inl'i r- 

 mation on every topic connected with it. He is ta- 

 king all pains to extend his correspondence in ell di- 

 rections on this subject. He lays under contributirn 

 all foreign minislcrt; and agents, "11 our navy (fileere, 

 vi.-iting diflerent parts of the world, and nil the mem- 

 bers of Congress and strangers vititing Wa^hinglon, 

 to transmit him the most valuable plants and seeds 

 which can be procuicd. He has already made most 

 extensive collections; and after reserving samples for 

 exhibition, he places the remainder in the hands of 

 those who will be likely to give a foir trial and a good 

 account of them. He is fomiliar, likewise, from bis 

 silnation, with the various patented and improved im- 

 p'ements of agriculture, of which models ore deposi- 

 ted in his ofilce; and upon Eonie of which he has had 

 ex'perimenie tried with a view to test their ulihty. — 

 B>very friend to an improve ' ogricultme oi'gbt to lend 

 h ni, OS far os practicable, his aid. No man is more 

 accessible, and his objects ore wholly disinieieeted and 

 public. Agriculture is the great interest of the coun- 

 try, without which every oiher must languish, and 

 upon whose succCfS obsoluiely and entirely de;-'pnd3 

 the prosperity of every other. II. C. 



From the Library of Health 

 Fruits as Food* 



The New England Farmer, ever and anon, lemls 

 its suport to the cause we serve — ond most weicomeis 

 its friendly aid and encouragemct. Below, is on ex- 

 tract from its editorial columns. We are not dispos^i'd 

 to marvel at all because the writer has before hiseycs. 

 the fear of being called a Grahainite — a species of pho- 

 bia which is exceedingly prevalent. The beet pre- 

 scription we can give for the disease, however, ie thot 

 which has proved efiicacious in other coses, viz: to go 

 forward, mind our own husines?, do what duly re- 

 quires, ond then let them soy what they plense about 

 us. 



" Believing, os we do modt strongly, in the condu- 

 civeness of vegetable diet to health, especially to the 

 health of children and young persons, and rega.'-ding 

 much meat as ihe foundntion of mony diseases ond of- 

 tentimes in its moral tendencies, pernicious as forcing 

 to premature development ihe appetites and passions 

 of the young, wecnusider the increase and multipbca- 

 tion of fine es'-ulent vcgeioblea.ond their more genera! 

 intiodnction upon the tables of our farmers, as a sig- 

 nal good. We are not anchorites, or in the more 

 familiar language of ihe day, Gruhamites; though 

 we have no hesitation in saying, that we regard 

 Mr. Graham as having rendered eminent ond per- 

 manent benefactions to the community. We have 

 no inclination at all to renounce or denounce en- 

 tirely tho use ol cooked meat, (row meat or half 

 cooked meat oi blood, we look upon as only fit for 

 cannibals;) but the general habits of the country 

 are, in this respect, excessive. Meot three times a 

 day oil many tables in the country, is certainly twice 

 two often. Tliree limes a week woirld be quite fre- 

 quent enough, where there could be subst'tuted an a- 

 bundant supply of the bcf^l well-cooked esculent vege- 

 tables. Health would be essentially promoted, and 

 very serious drains upon the purse would be cut o0"." 



An Exhorlation to Farmers' I>au!^liters* 



Our fears ore, not that there are not many excellent 

 dairy women in the land, but that the benefits of their 

 knowledge ami proclice will he lost in the new ^emro- 

 lion that is spiinging up. Hundreds and ihoneands of 

 farmers' daughters leave the homes of their mothers 

 and seek other employments, as if w-iih o disrelith of 

 that which may be practically more and more scarce. 

 The occupation is stripped by the demand for young 

 women as operatives in factories, as milliners or sew- 

 ers, shoe-binders or Ftraw-broiders, or in some other 

 mechanical occnpation. How siicrt do such as oro 

 thus employed conic of the qualilications of the virtu- 

 ous maid who obtains the best port of hereducotion un- 

 der the roof of her own father, fiom the tiis'.riiction of 

 the mother tbat knows how- to do every thing coming 

 within her province as tbe wife of a thriving I'armer — 

 wl o ic entirely at home in oil that pertains to the dai- 

 ry, the economical use and due preparation oforiielesof 

 food and c'othintr, ond who suffers none of her house- 

 hold to '* eoi the bread of idleness !" 



If not to the rising fair generation, to whom sholl 

 we look for the hondf^ that are to su|.ply so iniporiant 

 a |Mirti<»n of subsietenee as the products of the doiry 1 

 The farmer may kc-ep his forty, fifty, or a hundred 

 cows: if there he no help-meet to oversee and lead in 

 the preparation of the milk after it goes lo the dairy 

 room — if tliere be no female to prepare the vessels, 

 none to direct in the straining and setting of the milk, 

 the extrication and disposition ol the cream, the chur- 

 ing into butter, the seporotion <*f the buttermilk, tho 

 clean ond perfect salting down — if all this is expected 

 of men, and not of women: how nreerobly shall we 

 hereafter drop away in the produce of n most profitablo 

 and most useful orticle in the production of the form 

 at thot precise time when there is the mool sure en- 

 couragement for the farmer to enter upon and pcrECVcre 

 in the business of the dairy ! — Visitor. 



A farmer should never allow his wod-house (o ba 

 emptied of wood during ihe summer months: if he 

 does when winter comes, in odditim to cold fingers, 

 be must expect to encounter the chilling looks of his 

 wife, and perhaps be compelled, in a scries of lectures, 

 to learn, that the man who burns greenwood has not 

 mastered the ABC of domestic economy. 



The forma of good breeding have been properly 

 compared to the coiion and other e^ti nioterlals placed 

 betweed china vobes, lo prevent their being broken by 

 colliion. 



