THE NEW GENESEE FARMER 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



M. B. BATEHAM, 

 C. F. CROSMAN, 



Proprietors. ' 



VOIi. 1. ROCHESTER, DECEMBER, 1840. ]VO. 12. \ 



JOHN J. THOMAS, 



M. B. BATEHAM, Editors. 



PUBLISillEU xMOXTIIIiY 



IK CONHECTION WITH THE ROCHESTER 9KED STORE AND AQRI- 

 CULTURAL REPOSITORV. 



Terms— FIFTY CEiNTS, per year, payable always in ad- 

 vance. 



Post Masters, Agents, and others, sending money free of 

 poatapc, will receive $cven copies for ^3, — Ticetve copies for 

 ©5, — Tusenty-five copies for ©10. 



The postage of this paper is only one cent to any place 

 within this state, and one and a half cent to any part of 

 the United States. 



NEW GENESEE FARMER. 



Index to Vol. 1. 



Our readers will find the Indcz and Title Page on 

 the two middle leaves of this number. On cutting 

 open the paper, these two leaves should be taken cut 

 and placed in front of number one; then the whole 

 volume stitched together. Those who desire them 

 bound, will do well to wait till next year, so as to bind 

 two volumes together, as it will save expense, and 

 make a better shaped book. 



Subscribers residing near the places mentioned be- 

 low, may pay theirlsubscriptions to the persons named. 



Kingston — John Crkighton, (Chron, & Gaz. 

 Office,) and Charles Heath. 



Port Hope—D. Smart, Post Master and President 

 Agricultural Society. 



Toronto— LussLiE & Brothers, James F. West- 

 LAND, and George Leslie. 



Hamilton — Samuel Kerr, Merchant. 



London — John Norval, (at News-Room.) 



In addition to the above, Postmasters and friends of 

 the cause generally, are requested to act as agents 

 BATEHAM & CROSMAN. 



JdOOK HERE : : 



This number completes the first volume of the 

 New Genesee Farmer. Ik-TT/ic neit nmnhcrwill on- 

 ly be sent to such persons ns renew their subscrip- 

 tions. J^ We hope therefore that all who desire the 

 paper, and wish the cause success, will send in their 

 names soon, tcith the na:cssary accompaniment. — 

 DO IT NOW; and do not forget to ask your neigh- 

 >ors to do likewise. Subscription papers are in the 

 ■ands of most of the Agents and Postmasters, and the 

 noney can generally be remitted to us without much 

 rouble or expense. 



To Correspondents. — Several Communications 

 arrived late, and are crowded out. 



Acknovi'Icdi^incnts. 



We are indebted to Mr. Charles Downing, of 

 Newburgh, N. Y., for a cask of fine calcareous Marl. 

 We will make some experiments with it. — Also to 

 Hon. Adam Fergcsson, for some interesting English 

 and Scotch papers; from which we may make some 

 extracts hereafter. 



ITExlIS. 



Brice Ovens. — As these possess some advantages 

 over cook-stove and other ov- 

 ens, they continue still to be 

 very extensively used. Im- 

 .provemenla aie consequently 

 -^ >- 2.- of importance. A great ob- 



jection to them, is the large 

 -consHmption of fuel required 



Old Debts. 



A few Agents and Postmasters are still indebted to 

 IS for Vol. 1.; and with this number we send their 

 ills which we hope will be promptly puid. If any ol 

 le bills are incorrect, we will rectify the errors on be- 

 ig notified. 



The Public Press. 



We are under great obligations to many editors of 

 newspapers who have published our Prospectus, or 

 kindly noticed the New Geneeee Former. To such 

 we will continue to send it without asking an ex- 

 change; and if they desire it sent to a friend also, 

 we will cheerfully add the name to our list. (Those 

 who have not done so, but feel disposed to aid us, will 

 confer a favor by inserting the prospectus below.) 



Editors of Agricultural, Scientific, or Literary, pa- 

 pers, who generously give us an exchange, will please 

 accept our sincere thanks. 



IJiicuri'cnt Money. 



Bills on solvent Banks in this, and the Eastern 

 'tales, are at par with us. Canada, Pennsylvania, 

 nd New Jersey, are about 5 per cent, discount. — 

 )hio, Indiana, Kentucky, and most Southern, mon- 

 y, is about 8 per cent. ; and Michigan and Illinois 

 1 10 to 12 percent. 



We hope our iriends at a distance will take pains to 

 3nd us the best money they can obtain. We do not 

 •/use any of the above, when sent us free of postage, 

 nd nothingdeducted for commission; but the amount 

 f discount paid by us during the year, is a serious 

 em. 



Post Masters 



[ave very generally assisted us by obtaining subscrip- 

 ons and remitting money. For this they have our 

 ncere thanks, and deserve the thanks of the commu- 

 ity at large. We trust they will see good results 

 om the circulation of the paper in their towns, and 

 lat they will feel disposed to continue their efforts in 

 •■ ir behalf. 



Subscribers in Canada, 



honid remember that their Postmasters cannot frank 

 tiers further than the lines; so that we are compelled 

 pay postage on all letters coming by mail from 

 lere. This we do not mind, if bills not under $ 1 are 

 mitted; but on small bills the postage and discoun t 

 gether, are too great n sacrifice. ~ 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER. 



The Cheapest Agricultural Paper in the Union — 0}ily 

 50 cents a year, (in adrancc. ) 16 large pages 

 monlJdy, icith cuts. J. J. Thomas & M. B. Bate- 

 ham, Editors. David Thomas and otiicrs, assis- 

 tants. Seventy correspondents. 

 The flattering encouragement which the New 

 Genesee Farmer has received during the past year, 

 has convinced the proprietors that the paper can be 

 sustained in its native soil, and at \if economical price ; 

 and while they express their gratitude for the assis- 

 tance they have thus far received, they would now, 

 with renewed confidence, appeal to the friends of agri- 

 culture in behalf of the Second Volume. The paper 

 is so well known, and so highly approved, that it is 

 unnecessary to speak of its character, further than to 

 soy, that it will not suffer by a comparison with any 

 other paper of the kind in the United States; Each 

 successive number has shown an increase of talent and 

 correspondents. It has received during the past year, 

 original communications from more thou SEVENTY 

 WRITERS, most of whom are well known practical 

 farmers. It also contains the most useful selections 

 from other agricultural journals, reports of the mar- 

 kets, &Ci 



The object of the New Genesee Farmer is to ad- 

 vance the great interests of Agriculture and Horticul- 

 ture — to benefit the communtity in general, and farm- 

 ers in partieular; Experience proves that it is well 

 calculated to piomoto this object; and therefore it is 

 the duly of every friend of improvement to extend its 

 circulation, in order that its influence may be felt 

 throughout the agricultural community: 



The friends of Agricultural Societies should espe- 

 cially encourage this paper; for, unless farmers read 

 on the subject, and get xhe'iT miiuls interested in their 

 profession, they will not oct efficiently for its advance- 

 ment. The Societies formed last year in Western 

 New York, and their fine exhibitions, have already 

 given a new impulse to the cause in this section of 

 country; and it is confidently expected thai much 

 more will be done the coming season: 



O" (4H Postmasters are requested to act as agents, 

 and remit money to the publishers. 



Address, BATEHAM & CROSMAN: 

 RocheHcr, N. Y. 



in heating them. This necessarily results from their 

 construction. They are usually two, or two and a 

 half feet high inside. A large fire is therefore requir- 

 ed to heat them throughout. This moy be remedied 

 by constructing them with a much flatter arch. None 

 should be built more than a foot or fifteen inches in 

 height, though they be three or four feet broad. A 

 much smaller fire is then necessary for heating them, 

 and the hot bricks being so much nearer the baking 

 bread, throw out their heat to more advantage. In 

 the common brick oven, the flue is made directly over 

 the mouth, and all the air for the consumption of the 

 tuel passes in at it, and flowing round through the 

 cavity of the oven, escapes at the flue. In the improv- 

 ed oven here mentioned, there is not oi course spoce 

 enough for the air thus to pass in and out freely; it is 

 consequently necessary to have another small flue at 

 the further extremity. But care should be token that 

 the draft be not strong, or too much heat will be car- 

 ried off by the current. Fig. 1, represents a cross 

 section of the common brick oven, and Fig. 2, of the 

 improvements. 



SPLiTTtNG Wood.— By means of the following eon- 

 _^i „ g 'r'™nce for spliting sawed store- 

 '~ tcood, the work is rendered much 

 ^eisier, while there is a saving ef 

 more than half the time usually 

 required. Fig. 3, represents a flat block of wood, 6 

 or 8 inches thick, and about 18 inches wide and 2 feet 

 long, through the centre of which a hole is cut 8 or 

 inches. This is the whole apparatus. Th.e block to 

 be split is placed in this hole in an upright position, 

 and the axe is brought down upon it repeatedly until 

 it is divided as finely as is wished, — the sticks being 

 held to their place, and no replacing by the hand re- 

 quired. 



Gate Latches. — In large gates, made to swing both 

 ways, great accuracy is re 

 quired in odjusting the hin- 

 ges, so that when suffered to 

 I /all to, the latch may finally 

 settle in the notch, when the latter is made in the usual 

 manner. Even where the gate is hung thus with the 

 greatest care, a little settling of the posts, will throw 

 the latch an inch or two out of the way, and thus pre- 

 vent its fostening. Fig. 4, represents a mode of form- 

 ing the notch, which remedies this difficulty. When 

 the gale is suffered to fall shut, the curved sides of the 

 notch offer no obstruction to the free passage of ibo 

 latch, until by swinging a few times from side to side, 

 the force becomes diminished, and it finally settles inta 

 the notch. The gate will thus fasten itself, though it 

 be so hung as to be an inch or two from the centre. 

 This wil I be found a great convenience, especially ta 

 persons on horseback. A figure of ihis kind of fasten- 

 ing was published some years ago in the New York 

 I Farmer, but it appears to be liitlt; known. • 



