No. 12. 



AND G AR DENER' S JOURN A L. 



179 



Gliicliiiliis Jloribundis, large pink niiil wUilo Howcra. 



caiiliiiiilis, BHiiei l> srmli i epoucil-with v.hite. 



liijzaiUmus, Inrgo purple flowers. 



blandus, bliisli roso color, hanusome. 



cvspidatiis, wbile nnd purple. 



raccinosuSf rose and wliite. 



2)^iltuanus, mtgnilicent, striped wiili green, 



yellow, and scarlet — four inches in diauje- 

 ter. t 



The Farmer's Readiug-^iiis SociaJ licgcnera- 

 tion Predicted. 



Mkssrs. Editors — Your correspondent, H. M. C, 

 s somewhat discourteous towards W. S. T. in his re- 

 marks on the H60 of "Rainy Days." 



'Tia true that the mind of the farmer should bo im- 

 jroved as well as bis farm; but docs the mere iact of 

 lis working at a carpenter's bench on a wet day, in- 

 tend of siiending it in reading, presuppote tbat he ie 

 lot substantially a reading man ? The grcaleat men 

 ire not often the greatest readers — nine out of ten 

 ead only for amusement, — the drudgery of reflecting 

 n what they rend, is loo severe a tisk for the great 

 laes of men and women. I generally find that those 

 .-bo read most, reflect least. Give me the man who 

 judicious and oven fastidiously select in bis reading. 

 Vho believes that St. Paul would have been a bel- 

 r metaphysician, a more astute reasoner, if instead 

 : working at «t7i( ma/.-mg-, he hod employed the in- 

 n'nlsof his apostolic labors, in reading Plato and 

 enophon ? 



Kotzebue toll us that during his banishment in Si- 

 •ria, he learned more practical wisdom and self 

 lowledgc, from a single volume of Seneca, than lie 

 ■uld have done had he been immured (clacmurcc) in 

 royal library. Confined, in a desert, to a single 

 ok on moral ethics, his line, active mind waenei- 

 er dissipated by indulgence, nor confused by varie- 

 . — reflection and self culture waaihe necessary con- 

 luence. 



We contend, that as society is constituted in tlie 

 e States of the North, the life of the independent 

 mer is much more congenial to the offices of read- 

 l nnd reflection, than that of the man w ho is com- 

 fled to hve in and undergo all the toils and hazards 

 a mi.xed society, with its modern soul-killing con- 

 ational forms, its goading business reiponsibilities. 

 is true that " the face of the man eharpenelh that of 

 I friend;" but thia sharpening is not the result of 

 it intellectual collision which comes from study and 

 ich thiidung; it ia merely a colloquial sharpening, 

 •hal fl'ppancy; the mind has lets to do w.lh it than 

 • muscles of the tongue. The Northern farmer 

 38 not the lifaof a serf; he is a sovereign prince, 

 n free and independent in the midst of Nature's 

 inties. Why is it that he yet knows so little of her 

 'Bl simple laws ? 



The solution of this question can only be answered 

 history. Under the feudal system, the rural labor- 

 was an ignorant, besotted slave — magna charta 

 ghtencd his chains — the protestant reformation me- 

 ed nnd bettered his condition — the Plymouth pil- 

 ms broke his fetters; but the prejudice against hia 

 tc haa never yet been eradicated. The American 

 Tolalion mcde us politically free, hut morally wo 

 Btill slaves to aristocratic delusion. To his shame 

 it spoken, the wealthy American farmer bows to 

 ! prejudice, instead of making his riches the means 

 . f^ieenthralling his caste, by ameliorating their social 

 idition, instead of educating his sons to nreserve 

 own cfalted calling, with all the lights that mod- 

 science has shed upon it, he givea way to the x"- 

 Je delusion that Law, Physic, Divinity, or even 

 irehnndize, confers more dignity, nnd commands 

 fe re.apect from this gay world of men nnd women. 



But the dawn of that day has commenced, which is 

 to make the free rural classes of the North more res- 

 pectable, both in their own eyes, and in the eyes of 

 the world at large. The lato revulsion in the business 

 community is hastening ibia reeult. Science nnd 

 learning are fast coming to aid nnd stimulate the arm 

 of agricultural induatry, and the shackles of aristo- 

 crntic prejudice must soon falL Then the farmer, for 

 the first lime in his lif.;, will be an independent, intel- 

 ligent man; a dcmucrut, not in name only, but in man- 

 ly leeling — cringing to no aristocracy, moneyed, or 

 hereditary — bowing only to that great Founder of our 

 religion, whote precepts and examples alone has made 

 him free. s. W. 



1*- 



Hlfi 





Tiie Dsstisictive Character of Farmers. 

 Mcssus. Editors — When I go by a farm which 

 haa rather a mean looking house, 1ml a large, well 

 painted barn, with ventilating blinds at the windows; 

 a small, but well tended, garden, fenced in good or- 

 der, unincumbered with aldcis and briers, — says I to 

 myself, here is a thrifty Pemisylvania German farmer. 

 If the house is finer than the barn, with the pannels 

 of the front door painted a bright yellow, I'ewer cabba- 

 ges and more peach trees in the garden, J set him 

 down na a Jurseyman, particidarly if I discover in his 

 fields a little too much pigeon weed, and a sprinkling 

 of Canada thistles. The Yankee is less distinctive in 

 the character of his domicil and ita surroundings. If 

 rich, he always builds a high house, and paints it 

 white. If shrewd and selStb, as Yankees ore when 

 thrifty, he is sure to copy more from the German than 

 the German copies from him; — hence he learns that a 

 little too much ploughing and harrowing in the 

 wheat fallow, is bettor than not enough; that too early 

 sowing, is belter than too late, &.c., &,c. But for his 

 life, the Yankee cannot learn his woman to imitate 

 the simplicity, frugality, nnd out-door industry, of 

 the German females; — hence, he lias more weeds than 

 cabbages in his garden. If his grocer's bill for cofiee, 

 flsh, &C-, is less than the German's, he patronizes 

 the village merchant and milliner's shop, much more. 

 The Yankee and Jerseyman will sometimes have an 

 ambition for oflice, or a desire to be something more 

 in the fashionable and intellectual world, than iheir fa- 

 thers were. Not so, with the German: should he 

 transcend his father one step in intellectual improve- 

 ment, he feels that his father's ghost would rise up 

 and rebuke him. All language not daily spoken, and 

 all books, except those of elementary instruction, he 

 deems of no importance to any body but liis priest; 

 nnd to him he will refer yon touching all matters in- 

 tellectual and spiritual. The father was born a serf 

 atrnnsallantic and more kindly government, eman- 

 cipates the being of the son but the iron is yet in his 

 soul 1 1 



Strange as it may seem, Germany is ahead of most 

 countries, in science nnd letters. The number of uni- 

 versities — wliere ail that can be learned is taught — to 

 be found in a single principality, not larger than one 

 of our countica, should make the ignorant, boastfu' 

 American, hide his head. But the learned classes are 

 only collateral with the laboring boors. In no section 

 of Europe, not even in feudal Iluesin, has the grind- 

 ing hand of the aristocracy more ccnipietely manaclej 

 the rural laborer, body and soul, than in Germany. 



SENECA. 



pork, would induce them to use their old brine with- 

 out first scalding it. Now, allow me confidently to 

 say that the idea is erroneoua, and the practice entire- 

 ly useless. If your old brine is sweet and good, and 

 has kept your old pork good, depend upon it, it will 

 keep the new. Eor what possible reason is there to 

 suppose that brine which will keep old pork, will not 

 keep new also 1. It may be said that the brine is full 

 of matter which it has received from the old pork.— 

 True, it is, and therefore it cannot extract the best 

 juices of the new. 



For eight successive years, I assisted in putting 

 down poik, and pomingujion it the same brine, with- 

 out being once scalded; and the older the brine, the 

 sweeter and better was the pork. The brine was al- 



wa3a sweet, and had plenty of salt at the bottom 



The pork was laid down in the usual manner, with 

 salt, and the old brine poured back upon it. The ad- 

 vantages are, having better pork, besides a saving of 

 labor and trouble. p. 



Siccdcn, October, 1840. 



its 



Preserving Pork. 



Messrs. Editors — The following Iiinta respecting 

 the preservation of pork, may be useful to some of 

 your readers. 



It is generally the practice of farmers, I believe, to 

 scald their old brine, before putting it on their pork; 

 nnd so absolutely necessary is it supposed to be, by 

 imst people, that nothing short of the price of their 



itlaajDi-e— targe Farms nHlavosaWe to 

 JQcos&omy. 



IMessrs Editors — There is more than one hun- 

 dred loads of hog manure wasted in the Seneca oulle' 

 daily, from the distilleries at or near this village ( Wat. 

 erioo.) Added to this, there are thousands of tons of 

 Gypseou's marl nnd plaster, wheeled into this outlet 



from the plaster mills below Seneca Falls to say 



nothing of the fine white shell marl, which underlays 

 the whole broad extent of the marshes below. 



The high price of labor,and the low price of produce 

 is urged as the excuse by the farmers in the vicinity of 

 those distilleries, for not availing themselves of the 

 manure. Strange aa it may seem, ihc proprietors of 

 the distillery, Grcrit Western, were threatened with 

 a prosecution by a farmer adjoining, if he did not pre- 

 vent the liquid manure froni flowing his land. 



The day probably is far distant when the full value 

 of manure will be understood in' this county. There 

 is a miaaiMhropic delusion among farmers when they 

 grow rich, which leads them to extend their domain, 

 by buying out small farmers. Hence the system of 

 large, badly worked fallows; manuring with green 

 cropsoifly; and letting large fields lie long in unprof- 

 itable sward- bound pasture; thus dispensing with the 

 ten-fold stimulus of elementary^ manure, with more 

 than ton-fold loss to man and beast; liusirating the 

 intention of nature, which is, that nolliing be lost. 



SENECA. 



ISoven Cattle. 



We copy the following remedy from the Farmers' 

 Cabinet, but caimot personally vouch for its efEcacy, 

 but it is simple and deserves trial. The practice of 

 thrusting n sharp knife into the side of the animal, for 

 the escape of the wind, just forward of the hip bone, 

 we know to be efiectual, and has always proved per- 

 fectly sale, occasioning little inconvenience, and soon 

 healing. Cattle somelimes become dangerously dis- 

 tended by wind in w-in'er, by overeating themselves 

 on lurnins, and these remedies should be borne in 

 mind. • 



"Mr. Editor — Inn late conversation with Cnpt. 

 James Coopcr,ofHnddonfield,hc informed me of a cer- 

 tain cure for hoven cattle, which ought, I think, to be 

 made universally known, for ihe good of the commu- 

 nity. It is ihia: — 



Make a twisted band of straw, the size of the wrist, 

 and place it in the mouth of the animal, drawing it 

 tiiiht, and making fast the ends over the head, just bo- 

 hind ihe horns: this will cause the beast to endeavor 

 to rid itself of the inconvenience, by chewing the band, 

 and the act of moving the tongue and jaws will open 

 the gidlet, and permit the pent-up air to escape. I'be 

 efliciency of the mode here recommended, was tested a 

 very short time ago, on a valuable cow belonging to 

 the Captain, by one ot kia neighbors, who finding he- 



