180 



THENEWGENESEEFARMER, 



-Vol. 1.; 



most dangerously nfiected in this vny, instantly appli- 

 ed the twisted band of straw, and woe quite nstonish- 

 ed to find that, in a moment, tUe air rushed furiously 

 out of the di^tendcd stomach, and in a few rainutcfi 

 more she was perfectly recovered. 



Now, 1 consider your readers indebted to the Cap- 

 tain for this communication, to an amount far more 

 than the value of n year's subscription to the Cabinet, 

 but, in return, he only asks every one to do good, by 

 communicating, by means of its pages, whatever they 

 may know which would at all be likely to benefit the 

 world by its publication." J. 11. 



Keeping apples for spring iisoi 



We were much gratified last ppring with ]the appear- 

 ance of some apples which we saw at the house of our 

 friend and neighbor Walter F. Shotwcll — they were 

 so fresh and unwithered. On inquiry respecting the 

 method of keeping them, he gave us the following ac- 

 count; 



They were kept in Q cask. In putting them up, a 

 layer of chaff on the bottom sprinkled with quick- 

 lime, received a layer of apples, followed by another 

 stratum of chafland lime, succeeded by more opples, 

 covered in the same manner until the vcasel was filled. 

 It was then headed up. 



It is well known to those who have been in the 

 practice of burying apples in heaps, that the fruit 

 comes out in the spring much fresher, and often better 

 flavored than it docs when kept in open bins in the 

 cellar, — a part of the flavor in the latter ease, doubtless 

 evaporating. W. F. S.'s method has all the advan- 

 ta"e of burying, with another which we will explain. 

 When one apple among many in a bin, rots, the ad- 

 joining ones are contaminated; and not unfrequcnlly 

 mass of rottenness occurs, suriounded by much sound 

 fruit. Now the u=e of the lime is to absorb the gasses 

 generated by the putrefactive fermentation, and pre- 

 vent such learcn from spreading. 



The quantity of lime necessary for this purpose is 

 not great, and less than a quart for a barrel is deemed 

 sufficient. 



It is not too late- for our readers to profit by this 

 method; and we would remind them that no casks but 

 such as are perfectly sweet and clean should be used. 

 Old salt barrels have the discredit of being particularly 

 unfavorable to the keeping of apples. f 



The King of the Pippins. 



A few weeks ago, before we gathered in these ap- 

 ples, the tree was a splendid object — one of the most 

 BO in our collection. When small, it was injured by 

 the borer; and in consequence the fruit was inferior 

 in size and quality; but it has now recovered and we 

 have seen no opplc that is more beautiful. 



The following description ofit, is given in LinJIcy's 

 Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden : 



" Fruit above the middle size, inclining to oblong, 

 broadest next the base; the outline tolerably free from 

 angles, about two inches and a half deep, and three 

 Inches in diameter. Ktjc large, deep, in an even, very 

 little plaited hallow, tiudk an inch long, slender, 

 about half inserted in a liuinel-shapcd cavity. .S'AiTt 

 smooth, pale orange yellow, generally tinged with red 

 next the sun, and faintly streaked with the same color. 

 Flesh yi.llowith white, firin, breaking, very sweet, 

 juicy, and highly flavored," 



Lindley odds: " A very beautiful dessert fruit in 

 November and December. This very excellent apple 

 was brought into notice by Mr. Kirko of Brompton. 

 It is hardy, and a plentiful bearer." 



Our apjilc agrees well with the description, c.vcept 

 that instead of being " very sweet" it is decidedly 

 add. Most of our pomologists however, appear to 

 make no distinction between sweet and sour apples; 

 and not un'rcquently the juice is both " ewcct" and 

 "subacid " as in Lindley's description of the Borovit- 

 sky; or "saccharine" and "neid" as in the Bald- 

 win according to Kcnrick, This may be all coricct; 

 ^nd yet to our comprehension the claseil'icnlion cf ap- 



ples into SWKET and SOUR would be much more 

 definite: and much easier to be understood by the gen- 

 erality of readers. 



As a bcautifiii fruit of good size and a great bearer, 

 we can speak of the King of the Pippins in positive 

 terms; but whether it will lose enough of its tartness 

 in mellowing to become pleasant to our taste, is a 

 question we are not prepared to answer. 



The Jonathan Apple 



Is another splendid variety. Our tree was planted out 

 si-t years ago (apresent from the late Judge Buel) and 

 came into bearing very early; but it has produced no 

 crop so fine as that of the present season. We would 

 describe it as follows: 



Fruit middle size, inclining to oblong ovate, con- 

 tracted towards the apex. Eye closed, in a deep 

 narrow depression. Stem, slender, about an inch long 

 in a deep cavity. Hkin white when iw contact with 

 a branch or leaf, but streaked and mottled with red in 

 the shade, with dark crimson next to the sun. Flesh 

 while in some specimens — yellowish in others, deli- 

 cate, juicy, rich, subacid. 



Since writing the above, we have found the follow- 

 ing account, copied into the second volume of the 

 Genesee Farmer, which was doubtless written by 

 Judge Bud, who did much to bring this variety into 

 notice. 



"The Jonathan, Philip Rick, or New Spitzen- 

 burgh, is an apple of recent origin, supposed a seed- 

 ling, from the town of Woodstock, Ulster county, of 

 uncommon excellence for the dessert. Within a few 

 days, some of these apples have been compared with 

 the Spitzenburgh, Seek-no-further, Vandeveer, and 

 other esteemed varieties, by several amateurs of fruits, 

 and pronounced to be superior to ony of them, as an 

 eating apple. B. March 2, 1833." t 



Scraps. 



COSPENSED FROM EXCHANGE PAPERS. 



To IMPROVE EARLY RIPENING OF SEEDS. An ex- 

 periment was made some years ago by James Freeman 

 of Mass. to improve the early maturity of seeds. The 

 case-knife bean was chosen, — the earliest selected for 

 the next crop ; " by means of which, while the bean 

 did not degenerate in quality, the ripening of the seeds 

 in live years wos forwarded twentij-six days." The 

 first year they required 112 days to ripen; — the 3d, 

 103;— the 3d, 90;— the 4th, 8d;— the 5th, 66. 



The importation of silk, into the United States, 

 appears to be nearly double that of any other article, 

 being, for the past year, to the amount of f23,91!),357. 

 How long before its manufacture in this country will 

 clog the market 1 



Rats and mice, according to the experiments of 

 the American Farmer, are easily destroyed as follows: 

 — Take a salted herring, freed from bones, and mix it 

 intimately with as much arsenic as will lie on the 

 point of a small case knife; spreod this on places re- 

 sorted to by these animals, but not by young or grown 

 children, (of which latter there are many,) and they 

 will soon vanish. We would however caution our 

 readers against using this remedy, where the poison 

 might be scattered by the wandering of these animals, 

 so 09 to be in danger of doing injury. 



Loudon says they may be destroyed by bird lime, 

 smeared round their boles, which will adhere to their 

 sides. Slid make thorn ecratch themselves, till they arc 

 scratched to death 1 1 



Value of the Roller. Judge Hayes, of S. Ber- 

 wick, Me. says that his grass seed has never failed, 

 where iho ground was laid down with the Roller. 



Large Calves. The following aie the names, 

 ages, and weight, of nine Durham calves, furnished 

 by Win. Heyser of Springdale near Chambersburg, 

 Pa., and from his imported bull Colossus, and cows^ 

 of Whittnkcr's stock, 



Weight of GBAi.f. The legislature ol Indiana 

 has fixed the weight of a bushel of wheat at 60 lbs., 

 Rye 50 lbs. , Corn 56 lbs. , Barley 48 lbs. , and Oats 33 

 lbs. 



Mangel Wurtzel and Sugar Beet. A good 

 hint. Soak the seed, and get them ahead as much as 

 possible before sowing — which should be done on 

 freshly stirred soil, and then they will get a start be- 

 fore the weeds. 



Horses as Manure. In the city of Paris and envi- 

 rons, there are 16,000 dead horses annually converted 

 into manure. Let it not be forgotten that animal ma- 

 nure is the most powerful.* 



Lucerne. John Baker, in the Farmers' Cabinet, 

 states that after repeated experiments in cultivating 

 lucerne, sowing it at different seasons, and on various 

 soils, he has abandoned it — in most cases, though suc- 

 cessful for a time, his crops were entirely winter-killed. 

 A deep light soil, and cultivation, may however en- 

 sure success. Experiments are needed. 



Docking horses. As an instance of the injurious 

 effect of thus mutilating this fine animal, it is stated 

 that an English gentleman had a fine hunting horse, 

 that would carry his rider over a five-barred gate with 

 ease; but the tail nature had given him, not being in 

 fashion, he was nicked; — the result was, that when 

 he got well, he could scarcely carry him over two 

 bars. 



Ingenuity. At the late fair of the Worcester Ag- 

 ricidtural Society, there was exhibited a box of shell 

 work, displaying great skill, "covered completely 

 over with every variety of shells, arranged in the 

 most tasteful order and elegance." The committca 

 did not have time to count these shells, but upon a 

 rough guess, they would state the number at about 

 eleven thousand seven hundred and eighty-four. Atf 

 the same fair. Charity King, till within a year a slave 

 in Maryland, and now 73 jearsof age, exhibited aJ 

 bed-quilt which was fcvorably noticed by the commit- 

 tee; and we decidedly think she showed superior judg- 

 ment in the occupation of her time. 



Smoking hams in a pork barrel. A correspoa 

 dent of the Farmers' Cabinet prepares his hams at 

 follows: — He inverts his barrel over a pan or kettle 

 n which hard wood is burned seven or eight days, 

 keeping water on the head of the barrel, to preveni 

 drying. He then puts in two-hundred weight oi 

 hams, and pours upon them a pickle, made by mixing, 

 boiling, and skimming, in a boiler, 6 gollons of water, 

 13 lbs. salt, 12 oz. saltpetre, and 3 quarts molassea 

 In one week he has " well smoked ham, very tender^ 

 and of excellent Jiaror." AVill some of our reader! 

 try it — at least on a small scale ? There appears nt 

 possibility of injuring the hams, and they can be emol 

 ked over again in a smoke house, if not done enough. ' 



Lime. A former neor Donville, Pa. raised 40(1 

 bushels of wheat from a field, which, five years ago 

 produced only 30 bushels. During these five years hi 

 has spread 1500 bushels of lime upon the field. 



Milk cows clean. According to the observotioni 

 of an occurote exominer. Dr. Scbnbler, the first drawi 

 milk contains only 5, the second 8, and the fifth 17 pel 

 cent, of cream. 



*To convert lienil animals into innnure, cover tliem will 

 cnrtli anil lime ; the offeiiiiive effluvia will !« rctaiJieU, a»i 

 the earlli form very rioh nituniic. 



