182 



T H E i\ 



From the MayciiU SentineL 



Chantauqiic Agricultural Fair. 



The Aniiunl Fair niid Cuitlo Show of the Clinu- 

 taaquo C'ouiitv At;riculturnl Sociuiy, wm held in iliia 

 village, on ihc I4ih and loih days of October, which 

 the press of political motlers would not permit U6 to 

 notice nt the lime. The quality of the animals would 

 fully tustain the rcputoiion which the county has ac- 

 quired abroad for the excellence of her stock. The 

 domestic manufactures, though not as numerous aa 

 might be wished, would eiiU reflect much credit to the 

 coniribators. Some nice cheeses were exhibited, 

 which shows that that branch of domestic industry at 

 least, is understood here, indicating no inconsidcrnble 

 (source of wciilth to the country at no very dietont pe- 

 riod. Some line specimens of sewing silk, monufac- 

 tured in Portland, were quite creditable to tho.'ie enga- 

 ged in the enterprise, and we cannot but hope that 

 these arc but the commencement of successful elloris 

 to supply ourselves with silji, independent of foreign 

 labor. 



On the whole, the Fair was creditable to the enter- 

 prising farmers of Chautnuque, considering that it 

 was the lirsl lime that preuiiuma have been ollcred, 

 and we doubt not that they will bo convinced by ihis 

 effort, that an excellent agricultural society may be 

 kept up in this county, which buoU be cmiucutly use- 

 ful in promotin!! their peculiar wclthre and interests. 

 The interest of their meetings would be much promo- 

 ted, if they had an intelligent agricultuiist to deliver 

 an address before them. 



On the first day, which was devoted to the sittlc- 

 ment of accoimts and the election of oIKcers, the fid- 

 lowing persons were chosen offieciB for the ensuing 

 year: — 



THOMAS B. CAMPBELL, President. 



John Miller, "\ 



S. ^V. Holmes, ( 



Abijah Clark, j 



Joseph Puatt, J 



E. P. Upham, Scrrelarij, 



Jeoediah Tkacy, Trcamrer. 



J'ico VrcsUhnts, 



John Miller, 

 Aeuau Clark, 

 E. P. IJpuAai, 

 Jabez Burrows, 

 R. F. Feston, 



S. W. Ho -MLS, ' 



Awurd'mg CommiUce 



on 

 Domestic Atiinials. 

 Aicarding Commitioe 



on 

 Domssiic Miini'fucturcs. 

 The Committee on Domestic Animals awarded to 

 the following persons, the premiums set opposite to 

 tbeir names, viz: 



To Darius Knapp, for the best Ball, 

 John West, for second beet do. 

 R. F. Fenton, best Stud Horse, 

 Charles Forsyth, best Mare and Colt, 

 Samson Vincent, best Boar, 

 Joseph Fratt, second beet do., 

 Charles W. Naenn, best Sow, 

 T. B. Campbell, second best do., 

 Charles W. Nuson, for 10 best F.wes, 

 \Vm. Prendergast 2d, for best Cow, 

 Dnvid Morris, second best do., 

 Joshua Burch, \>e>X yoke of Oxen, 

 Jabez Burrows, second best do., 

 David Morris, best Buck, 

 J. R. Tracy, second best do., 



The Committee on Domestic Manufactures award 

 ed the following premiums, viz: — 

 To John S. Coon, for best samples of Sew- 

 ing Bilk, 

 John West, beet etimple Butter, 

 Wm. Smith, best sample Fulled Cloth, 

 Abijah Cui:ik, second best do., 



N. Thumb, be^t table Linen, 

 S. \V. Baker, best Cheese. 



$10 0') 

 6 01 

 lU 00 

 6 00 

 5 00 

 3 00 

 5 00 

 3 00 

 5 00 

 5 00 

 3 00 

 10 00 

 5 00 



:> 00 



3 00 



$3 00 

 3 OT 

 .5 00 

 3 00 

 5 00 

 3 00 



AgricnlturaJ Papers. 



Many have conceived cnoueuus notions as to the 

 true character and functions ofnn Agricultural paper. 

 " Will it learn me to work V once asked, in derision. 

 a very tulerMc farmer in our presence. It will not 

 learn you to lore to work, we resiionded; nciilur will 

 it imirc you to work, or enable you to stiuid it, if you 

 are averse or unaccustomed to it. But a well con- 

 ducted ogricultmal paper is very certain to present you 

 facts by which, if you read and uuderstTind them, you 

 are enabled to work to the 'xiMtcst possible ad tmilagc, 

 thereby economizing your time and labor with increa- 

 sed prollts. 



Will it learn me to plough 1 nsks another. It will 

 not learn you to hold the handles of the plough, or to 

 work in the furrow — these things, it is iircsumed, you 



have already learned; but it will place in your hands 

 models of the best ploughs, and it will prcfcnt you 

 with tlic experience of the I.esi practical fuTincrs as to 

 the depth and manner of ploughing the vorions crops 

 and soils, the lime and weather when admissible, 

 &c. &c. 



Will it learn me to make corn ? asks another.-— 

 How to do ibis you ijcrhops already know; but it will 

 also inform you that there are many other crops, more 

 or less profitable than corn, how to cullivalc which, to 

 the best advanlnge, perhaps you do not know. It will 

 piescnt you wiih the results of experiments and the 

 mode of culture of the best practical J'arintrs w'wh ev- 

 ery voriety of crops — and leave you to judge of iheir 

 relative profit, anci to your own election as to whether 

 you will make cum or carrots, cotton or multicaulis, 

 millet, or mangel wurtzel, hoy, hemp, or live stock, or 

 all together. 



A good ngricidtural paper, contributed to by practi- 

 ce! and scientific fanners, will be of cervice to you in 

 so many points of view, that we are at a loss to know 

 where to begin to enumerate them. It is a 6torehot-;se 

 of agricultural knowledge, from which the best of far- 

 mers may always draw something new and servicea- 

 ble. For its contents arc made up of the best opinions 

 and best practices, the best results of the most careful 

 observations and accurate experiments of all the best 

 farmers of the world combined. 



The leading object, indeed, in the publication of an 

 agricultural paper, is to afford to farmers a common 

 medium through whicli to impart and receive instruc- 

 tion. The opinions of the editor are of course enti- 

 tled to no more weight than the opinions of any one 

 contributor of equal merit, and ihcy should occupy no 

 more space than will barely serve to communicate his 

 practical knowledge (let it be great or little) and the 

 practical knowledge of others of which he is posses- 

 sed, by a ctrursc of reading or otherwise. 



Agriculture, including all its branches and ramifica- 

 tions, is not only n science, but in our view of it, a 

 science not less dilTicult completely to master than 

 what are termed the learned professions. Like all 

 other sciences, it is constantly illiuninated with new 

 lights ond improvements. There are few, very few, 

 who have ottoined that perfection in it, which places 

 them beyond the reach of being taught. But of the 

 mass of farmers, we know of many who have reached 

 great proficiency in particular branches of culture, 

 who have yet much :o learn in others. 



lu the columns of our agricultural journals, they .nil 

 meet and compare ideas, facts, and practices. It is the 

 medium through which they are all improved, whilst, 

 nt the same time, they all imparl instruction to their 

 fellow men. 



The practical farmers leant through this medium, 

 that there is a great rarietij of soils, each more or less 

 specially oduptetl t(^ certain species, and each more or 

 leas unsuited to certain other species of vegetable pro- 

 ducts. He leanid through its geological descriptions, 

 to what class of soils his lands belong, and through its 

 chemical essayc, how to analyze them for him- 

 telf. Through the same sources, he is made ac- 

 quain'ed with the chemical aird other actions of the 

 various manures, and learns what manures his particu- 

 lar soil requires, and how to apply them. Through 

 this medium, he meets with all the improvements in 

 the various implements of husbandry; with all the 

 newly discovered modes of destroying the various 

 prcdaloiy insects that prey upon his crops; with all 

 the most apjjroved remedies for diseases wliich beset 

 find destroy the live stock, &c. &c. &c. In short, 

 the farmer finds, in such a vehicle of farming intelli- 

 gence, every thing that pertains to strict agricultural 

 economy, to enumerate all the points of which, would 

 require volumes. We have only glcnccd at a fe\v of 

 them here, in the hope that the oid of the more judi- 

 cious, capable, and reflecting, among our patrons will 

 be given to a future and more detailed statement and 

 illustrolion of the principles of this invahinble science. 

 And we woiiM line mention this ns a leadingobjeet of 

 the agrieultui;al journals of die daf — to arouse the r«- 

 pahlcfctr to lUe point of dilTubing throughout the grrjit 

 mass of farmers the existing knowledge now in their 

 keepiu;,', and of illusti-ating " the benefits, both public 

 aiul private, which must result from reducing it gene- 

 rally to luaetiee." To this we will only append the 

 forcible and just remark of the late Judge Emmerson, 

 that " while they are among the cheapest pcriodicols 

 ol the day, no fanner of common intelligence can pe- 

 ruse an ngiicuUural poper, conducted w-ith ordinary 

 ability, witli'iiit being actually beiuliued, t ven in a 

 pecuniary point of view, to nn amount at least ten fold 

 greater than the price of his subscription."— 6'oH(/icr» 

 Culticator. 



Vol, 



High V<ages and Taxation. 



Mr. Editor — 1 have read v.ith very great pleasure, 

 in the poges of the Cabinet, the excellent address de- 

 livered by the President of the Philadelphia Agricul- 

 tural Society, at their late exhibition, and cannot but 

 envy those who were able to be present at such "a 

 feast of fat things. His view of the question of high 

 wages is, I am convinced, correct, and the declaration 

 of the late Mr. Geo. Walker, that his farm-work was 

 done iv.eniy per cent, cheaper in this country thou in 

 England," is only corroborative of what 1 have heard 

 thai gentleman say, " 1 need only to be informed what 

 is the rale of wages in any country, to enoble me to 

 form a correct estimate of its prosperity and happiness, 

 these being always in exact proportion, whether high 

 or low." And it is proverbial, that where low wagea 

 are, there are poverty and discontent — witness the pre- 

 sent stole of Englond and the whole continent of Eu- 

 rope — these being the causes of that stream of cmi- 

 gralicm which is ever pressing towards our shores. 



The Presideiil's estimate of the diiTerence in the 

 value of land in this country and in England, is cor- 

 rect, as is also the difference in the rale of taxation, if 

 it be confined to direct taxation, while the indirect im- 

 post which falls upon every thing that can be seen, 

 felt, and undeiblood, soon swells the amount far be- 

 yond the limit which he has assigned to it; for after 

 " ihe lox-gatherer and tything-man have made their 

 appearance and taken from ihe farmer fifty-lhree per 

 cent, upon his rent," then conies domestic toxation, 

 which, silently and impeiceptibly, robs him of a great 

 portion of the means of his existence, and renderB 

 him incapable of paying to his laborers more than is 

 sufficient to procure them n bare subsistence; and 

 were it not that labor is obtained there at about onC' 

 third part of its value, the farmer would nut be able to 

 subsist at all. No one in this country can conceive to 

 what an extent ta.xation is carried in England; were 

 they not indecd,a " nation of shopkeepers," they mua 

 long since have sunk under it; their industry and per- 

 severance have alone supported them. 



The following sentiment in the President's address 

 does him honor — may he long live to witness its irutl 

 and justness, and rejoice in his country's welfare um 

 prosperity I " Depend upon it," says he, " there i 

 no surer sign of national piosperity than high wages 

 and God grant that for a many long year it may bi 

 the lot of our countrymen, who subsist by the labo 

 of their hands, lo work well, io be paid icell, and t 

 lire well. 



But I must copy from on English publication, * tb 

 following delicious morsel on the "Universality c 

 Taxation;" it is sufficient to convince every one c 

 the preference due to this country over all others i 

 the world; but it ought, at the same time, to operat 

 as a warning to us how we indulge in a too great foni 

 ness for " national glory," a sin, by which all the ol 

 governments of Europe have been reduced to a stat 

 of poverty and confusion, and which will, in the enc 

 prove the ruin of many of them. 



" We can inform Brother Jonathan what are the ii 

 evitable consequences of being too fond of glory :- 

 Taxes upon every article which cnteis the mouth c 

 covers the back, or is [ilacod under the foot — taxf 

 upon every thing which is pleasant to see, hear, fee 

 smell or taste — toxes upon warmth, light and locorac 

 lion — taxes on every thing on earth, and in the watei 

 under the earth — on every thing that comes from i 

 broad, or is grown at honre — taxes on the raw mater 

 al, and on every fresh value that is mldcd to it by th 

 industry of man — taxes on the sauce which ^«7n/jei 

 man's appetite, and on the drug which rejilorcs him i 

 health — on the ermine which decorates the judge, on 

 on the rope which hangs the criminal ! — on the pm 

 nian'ssalt, and the rich mon's spice— on the brass nai 

 of the eofiin, and the ribons of the bride — at bed < 

 board, covchant or Icraut, we must pay. Tb 

 school-boy whips his taxed top — the beaidless yout 

 manages his taxed horse with his taxed bridle, on 

 taxed road : — and the dying Englishman, pouring b 

 medicine, which has paid seven percent., into a silvc 

 spoon, which has paid fifteen percent, flings hinisc 

 back upon his chintz bed, which has poid twenly-tw 

 per cent. — and expires in the orms of a taxed i.pothi 

 cniy, who has paid a license of one hundred pount 

 sterling, for the privilege of practising his calling !- 

 His whole property is then imniedialcly taxed fronr Iw 

 to ten per cent. ; and, besides the probate, large fe< 

 are demanded for burying him in the Chancel; bi 

 virtues are handed down to posterity upon taxed mo; 

 ble, and ho is ot length gathered to his fathers — to b 

 tnxeil no more I" — lanitrrs' Cabinet. W. 



' S-yducy (raiilli's Works 8 \ o. 1639. 



