

12. 



ANI) GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



Care of Anlmnls in Winter^ 



Messrs. EDlt6rtS..^I missed the dettal " Hints for 

 ibfe Rtorith " ill yonr last, ai»d hope the cnuse of thnt 

 ttWieSiort >Vill not Wng exist. At any rate, I hope 

 JoU will not fail, in your next, to impress your readers 

 with the neceeeily of providing proper shelter, as well 

 as food, for their farm stock. Winter is again upon 

 us, and in our anxiety to make ourselvce and fami- 

 lies comfortable, we often seem to forget thatour domes- 

 lie animals are susceptible of pain from cold or hunger, 

 or that the more comfortable we keep them, the more 

 thrifty and profitable they will be. The language of 

 the poet on this subject is particularly appropriate, 

 and should be borne in mind by every farmer. Speak- 

 ing of winter, he says — 



" Now farinera, to your flocks and herds be kind. 

 Oft deal out to them food with liheral hand ; 

 Shelter them, too, from winter's blast severe — 

 And they will richly pay you for your toil." 



W. GARBUTT. 



Wheatland, Nor. 25, 1840. 



Domestic Economy. 



Lard, in trying, is very frequently injured by being 

 scorched. This difficulty is easily removed by paring 

 and slicing a few raw potatoes, and throwing them in 

 immediately. The original whiteness will be restored. 



In order that lard may keep well in warm weather, 

 it is requisite that it be cooked enough in trying, but 

 burning it is to be carefully avoided. ' 



A Thrifty Porker. 



Mr. William Shoemaker, of Gates, near Roch- 

 ester, killed a hog last week, 14 months and 5 days 

 >ld, which weighed, when dressed, ^C6 hundred nine 

 mda half pounds, (509J Ibs.,^ and made two barrels 

 »f clear pork. It was a cross of the Leicester and 

 i^ancastcr breed. If any person has slaughtered a 

 ;reater hog, of ita age, we should like to hear of it. 



Hoof Ail"Iuquir)'. 



Messrs. Thomas & Bateham. — Will you or your 

 orrespondenta inform us what is the true cause of 

 loof Ail among cattle, which is becoming quite pre- 



n{ talent in this section of country; also, why it affects 



\ft he hind and not the fore feet ? 



Why does cream rise on milk t 



Also, tell us why it is that cream rises to the sur- 

 jce of milk, instead of settling to the bottom accord- 

 ng to the law of gravitation, and much oblige 



AN INQUIRER. 



Brighton, Nov. 25, 1840. 



Remarks. — The first question of An Inquirer we 

 rill leave for our correspondents to answer; but the 

 scond is not worth waiting for. Cream rises on milk 

 xactly " according to the law of gravitation," for the 

 imple reason thnt it is lighter than the milk, and of 

 ourse the lav*' of gravitation causes the heavier to set- 

 e and the lighter to rise. Cream is an oily substance, 

 od, like all oils, is considerably lighter than water. 



liil 

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Kill 

 tyfl 



PFEl 



No Newspaper. 



The lime is eoming when the man who has the 

 leans (and who has not ?) and does not take a news- 

 aper, will be looked upon by his neighbers as a fish 

 without a fin, a erow without a wing, a blind horse, 



mole, or what you please. Such an individual 

 light ^o well enoiigh to live in the manner of a Rob- 

 ison Crusoe, but be hus no excuse for thrusting him- 

 jlf among those who do take newspapers and are 

 etter informed, to gailier whatever political or gene- 

 il intelligence they may chose to drop for him. We 

 now many such men, and might name them, but we 

 ifrain; but you, gentle reader, can point them out 

 DUrself. — Am. Union. 



The Greatest Man. — The greatest man ie he who 

 loses the right with invincible resolution, who resists 

 le sorest temptations Irom within and from without; 

 'ho bears the heaviest burdens cheerfully; who is 

 ilmest in storms, and most fearless under menances. 



Rotation of Crops--Ane fanning. 



We commend td the pHrtiCular attention of our 

 rendera, the following description, from a correspond- 

 ent of the Farmer's Cabinet, of on excellent opccimen 

 of farming by a man who commenced the tcorld a day- 

 laborer, and is now worth one huhdred thousand 

 DOLLARS. When thirty years of age he purchased, 

 and paid for in part, a farm of one hundred and thirty 

 acres, one hundred under cultivation, and in a very 

 low stato of cultivation. It was chiefly sand, and all 

 upland. See what his farm affords now, and how he 

 has managed it, ' 



"When he commenced farming, he adopted a par- 

 ticular system of rotation, to which he has implicitly 

 adhered from that time to the present, which is forty 

 yenrs, and his success is the beet comment on the 

 worth of his experiment. His mode was as follows: 

 having divided his farm into eight fields of equal size, 

 as nearly as possible, three of these fields are sowed 

 with wheat each year, one with rye, one planted with 

 corn, two in clover, and one an open fallow, on which 

 corn had been raised the year previous. One of the 

 clover-fields is kept for mowing, the other for pasture, 

 both of which are ploughed as soon after harvest as 

 poesible, and prepared for wheat in the fall. All the 

 manure which is made on the farm for one year, is 

 hauled, in the spring, on the field intended for open 

 fallow, which is then ploughed, and after one or two 

 croBS-ploughings through the summer, is also sowed 

 with wheat in the fnll. The field on which rye is 

 sown, is that from which a crop of wheat had been 

 taken the same year, and which had yielded three 

 crops of wheat alternating with crops of clover. — 

 Corn is planted on the field from which rye had been 

 gathered the year previous, the stubbles of which are 

 ploughed down in the fall. Clover-seed is sown enr- 

 ly in the spring on two of the wheat-fields, those which 

 have been most recently manured. By this method, 

 each field yields three crops of wheat, two of clover, 

 one of rye, and one of corn, every eight years. Each 

 field, in the mean time, bos lain an open fallow, and 

 received a heavy dressing of manure, perhajis at an 

 average of fifteen four-horse loads per acre. His crop 

 is seldom less than fifteen hundred bushels, but often 

 much more. His average rye-crop ie about four hun- 

 dred and fifty bushels, and his corn crop, annually, 

 about five hundred bushels — all which grain, at the 

 present low prices, would amount to more than two 

 THOUSAND DOLLARS ANNUALLY — and at former prices 

 to double that amount — and his farm is withal very 

 highly improved." Yours, P. W. 



Farmers' Daughters and Homes. 



BY ANNETTE. 



Messrs. Editors — In remarking on the causes of 

 unhappiness and discontentment amongeducated farm- 

 eis' daughters, and the reasons which lead so many of 

 them to forsake their homes and seek a residence in 

 the city, I before attempted to show that a wrong sys- 

 tem of education is one of the most fruitful causes of 

 these evils. My object at this time is to show that 

 mis-education is by no means the only cause; and to 

 inquire whether oar fathers and our homes are not of- 

 ten as much to blame in the matter as our teachers and 

 seminaries. 



Many of the most respectable farmers in this coun- 

 try never enjoyed the advantages of early education, 

 and have had no opportunity for acquiring a know- 

 ledge of, or taste for, the more refined comforts of life; 

 especially those intellectual enjoyments so indispensa- 

 ble to the happiness of a well cultivated mind. They 

 were brought up among the pioneers of this land, and 

 their education consisted of the toils and privations in- 

 cident to an early settlement in a new country. But 

 now they find themselves in very diffeient circumstan- 

 ces — in possession of a handsome competency, and 

 surrounded by an enterprising and intelligent commu- 

 nity. Public sentiment and the spirit of the age now 

 r. quire that the rising generation should receive a 

 higher degree of education than was formerly deemed 

 necessary: and therefore, in order that their children 

 may appear respectable in the world, and be qualified 



to fill their places in society with credit and advantage, 

 they are sent to the best schools in the land, and much 

 care and expense bestowed on their education. 



Let us now suppose, as is often the case, that the 

 daughter of such parents spends two or more years in 

 a good boarding-school, where her mind becomes well 

 stored with valuable learning; her manners and taste 

 become refined and cultivated, and she is every way 

 fitted to adorn society and bless her family and friends. 

 But let I er leave school and return to her home, 

 and unless it is different from the majority of farmer's 

 houses in this country, it is not surprising that she 

 soon becomes unhappy and discontented, or at least, 

 that she should wish to change her situation for one 

 more congenial to her taste and feelings. The reason 

 of this is obvious when we observe how few farmers 

 take any pains to viahe home attractire — it ie not loved 

 because there is nothing about it to make it lovely. 

 The educated and intellectual daughter finds nothing 

 within or around it calculated to please the mind or 

 delight the eye — nothing to gratify her taste, or call 

 into exercise those faculties which she has long been 

 cultivating, and which afford her the highest kind of 

 enjoyment. No good selection of books and periodi. 

 cals t'j furnish food for her active mind during leisuro 

 hours; no tasteful garden, with flowers, and shrubs, 

 and winding paths, where she can luxuriate on Na- 

 ture's charms; no fragrant rose or climbing honey- 

 suckle asks her training care, and no shady bower or 

 vine-clad arbor invites her to 



" Converse with Nature, and commune 

 With Nature's God.'' 



And what is worse than all, she seldom finds a conge- 

 nial spirit with whom to share her pleasures or her 

 griefs. On the contrary, even those to whom she 

 has a right to look for kindness and sympathy, not un- 

 frequently treat her with indifference, or ridicule what 

 they consider her excessive refinement. Under these 

 circumstances it is impossible for her to be happy or 

 contented; and were it not for tlie pleasure that she 

 derives from making herself useful, and the natural 

 affection that she feels for her " kindred according to 

 the flesh," home would be to her a prison-house from 

 which she would embrace the first opportunity to es- 

 cape. Yet the inconsiderate father wonders that his 

 daughter grows tired of home and seeks enjoyment in 

 a city life ! Teachers and seminaries are madu to 

 bear the blame, and thousands grow up in ignorance 

 who would otherwise enjoy the blessings of education. 



Let no one suppose that this is merely an imaginary 

 picture, for such cases are far too numerous. It is a 

 ruinous error to suppose that a liberal education cre- 

 ates a distaste for rural life; on the contrary, it ie cal- 

 culated to make that life doubly pleasant, provided it 

 is accompanied with those charms which the refined 

 mind always associates with its ideas of a residence in 

 the country. Let farmers who desire their children to 

 follow their profession and love their homes, consider 

 this subject, and see that their homes are rendered 

 lovely. Then, and not till then, will the profession 

 of Agriculture be speedily elevated to that rank and 

 respectability which it so eminently deserves. 



ANNETTE. 



Maple Grove, 1840. 



P. S. Will not my friend Fannv resume her able 

 pen on this subject ? I hope this communication will 

 not excite her combatireness as mueh as my last. 



A. 



Remarks. — The subject which our esteemed uk 

 KNOWN has introduced, is one of very great importance, 

 and calculated to increase the happiness of the com- 

 munity. Our junior partner gently intimates how- 

 ever, that he hopes aW of our readers will not consider 

 it incariably nn evil for a farmer's daughter to leave 

 her home and take up nn abode in the city. — Eds, 



