1. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



a^9 

 13 



on the outside. The rich colors of ripe fruits are 

 attractive; and thB further \ve can place them 



the gaze of animals who have no hiyheraim than 

 ;nt gratification, ^-th« better. On this account a 

 •yard sliould not be a fruit-ynrd, except for such 

 aa may be gathered green, and ripened in the 

 3. We have no knowledge that thieves in this 

 ter look far enough a- head to steal unrij.cpears, 

 nter apples. 



lerry trees should be set in the ietir of the r.ecta- 

 , plums and aprjcots, but still aanenrtoihe hog- 

 fa aa possible, after these kinds are accommodated. 

 ;onsider thehog-trough indeed, as an important 

 idageto the Fruit Garden. Where hogs cannot 

 mitted however, poultry may in some measure 

 y their place. If both are excluded, then use the 



and the hoe — shake the Curculios from the tree 

 eets spread for the purpose, and show them no 

 er. 



erry trees should also be set near together — thot 

 It scattered in difierent parts of the garden, on 

 nt of the birds that came to plunder. A leisure 

 lOur moy be well spent on a seat from which shot 

 reach them. We know indeed it is the fashion 

 s day to extol their services, and to decry every 

 pt to lessen their numbers; but people who are 

 d away by sdch fancies, cannot have duly con- 

 :d the subject. 



e cedar bird lias been called " a friendly, useful, 

 ent visitor;" but we have yet to leorn in what 

 ;t he is better than a crow or a rot. He may de- 



nsects in some districts, as it has been osserted, 

 n in ours. We have carefully watched him, in 



years, and have even had his stomach examined 



what he lived on, but nothing was found in it 

 uit. He comes as a plunderer, and deserves a 



srer's reward. t 



Tlie Garden and Shrubbery. 



he open ground at this dreary season, tJowers — 

 )st tender part of the plant — would be eadly out 

 ;e; and therefore ornament can only be expect- 

 the hark, the leaves, or ihej'ruit. 

 ! bark of the stripul maple is generaly admired. 



streaks on a ground in which shadings of red 

 en occasionally prevail, always meet the eye, 



where the red becomes clearer on the twigs and 

 increasing intensity envelopes the buds. The 

 on the contrary, is seen on the 'old bark; and 

 especially on old trees, which are sometiuies six 



in diameter. 

 ! reddogtcood (improperly called the red willow) 

 1 ornamental. Seedlings vary much however, 

 ord to brightness; and not one tenth of those we 

 ivith in the swamps are suitoble for transplont- 

 Though naturally a sub-aquatic, it docs well on 

 on soil; for through winter and the early part oi 



when its bark is the brightest, the ground is 

 intly wet. 



poplar-lcavtd birch has a white bark, though 

 veral years before the small branches assume 

 Dior. The leaves are delicate, and the whole 



showy and ornamental. 

 ; golden ash hos fine yellow bark, changing 



greenish color early in autumn. This tree is 

 ered a variety of the English ash (Fraxinus ex- 

 ) and its height in London is marked thirty feet. 

 JVC one of very vigorous growthabout eight feet 

 much admired. 



■rgreens are admirably adapted to embellish a 

 itead in winter. Among these, the silccr fir of 

 lewiU stand in the front rank. It is nearly al- 

 I the balsam fir, but has a larger leaf more dis- 

 striped with white oa the under side. Both are 

 lutifu!. 



Next to these we should place the \rlulc pine which 

 often becomes the. tallest tree of the American forest, 

 where it has room to spread however, the rich silky 

 green of its foliage, is more distinctly visible and or- 

 namental. 



Not far behind, is the ichite spruce, growing natur- 

 ally in swamps like the balsam fir, but soon becoming 

 reconciled to a dry soil. Two or three years in a nur- 

 sery, give it a new sot of roots; and when theae are 

 acquired, with reasonable attention, it is almost sure 

 to live when transplonted. It also attains a great 

 height in favorable situations. 



The Noncayfir from the north of Europe, famous 

 for its timber, is another fine evergreen with darker 

 foliage; but perhaps not daiker than the black spruce 

 which is often found in mountain land and a cold soil. 

 Near these may be placed the Chinese and American 

 arbor vita with fragrant leaves; and the English yew, 

 remarkable for its duration and slow growth. 



The Scotch fir, so called is properly a pine — that is, 

 it has two leaves in a sheath. This species and the 

 Norway fir, supply the deal boards of England. 



But we have not forgotten the hemlock spruce. Men 

 who are long employed in clearing land, are apt to 

 consider every tree that stands in their way as worthy 

 of death; and we apprehend that but few arboricultu- 

 ists can be found in this class. Against the hem- 

 lock, the prejudice has been unusually strong. With- 

 out stopping to inquire on what it rested however, we 

 shall express our conviction that this tree deserves a 

 place among the finest evergreens when it can clothe 

 itself with foliage from the ground. It bears training 

 well; and the most beautiful hedge we have ever seen 

 was of hemlock. 



The covimon Juniper retains the green of its leaves 

 in winter much better than the red cedar; ond as it in- 

 clines to grow low with prickly leaves, it might serve 

 for a hedge on the top of a ditch. It may easily be 

 increased by layers or by seeds. 



An evergreen, little known in this district, but re- 

 markable lor its beauty is the tree box. It appears to 

 agree with our soil and climate; grows densely, and a 

 hedge of it, in front of a mansion would be superb. 



In sheltered situations the fruit o{ Ibe pyracantha 

 retains its fine scarlet; but the severer blasts of winte>- 

 destroy its color. On the bush cranberry however, 

 these have no effect; and its clusters hang in all their 

 brightness till the commencement of mild weather in 

 the spring. 



No shrub however, is more beautiful in winter on 

 account of its fruit than the barberry: and none is 

 safer from the depredations of birds. The berries are 

 very acid. Many people have been deterred from 

 planting it because of its supposed influence in blight- 

 ing wheat; but this charge is proved to be unfounded. 

 It has neither philosophy nor fact to support it, t 



Items iu Uumestic and liuial Economy. 



To prevent horses, which are disposed to break 

 their bridles, from doing so, place a pad within the 

 strap that posses back of the head, the inside of which 

 is lined with cotton or linen, and in which the points 

 of threeor four very sharp nails, pointing inwards, are 

 concealed. When the horse draws hard upon his bri- 

 dle, these prick him, and cause him to desist. 



Stoves, for heating rooms, will throw out much 

 more heat for the amount of fuel consumed, if, as soon 

 as the wood gets well burning, the draught below and 

 above the fire, is closed. Far less heat is swept by 

 the draft up chinmey. On this principle, the black- 

 smith increoses the heat of his forge, by sprinkling 

 water upon the ignited cools, and preventing the flame 

 from rushing out; and also, green wood on a common 

 fire often prevents the rapid escape of heat up the 

 chimney, for s similar reason. All slaves should 



then/ore be provided with a ralve above us well as be- 

 low the fire. 



Cracks in stoves and stove pipes are readily closed 

 by a paste made of ashes and salt witii water. Iron 

 turnings or filings, sal ammoniac, and water, make a 

 hardcrand more durable cement. 



An excellent cement for broken glass, is mode by 

 grinding together Imseed oil and white lead, to tho 

 consistency of a paste. 



Nails are prevented from rusting by heoting them, 

 and dropping them while hot in oil. 



Gates work much better for having the hinges an4 

 latches greased. To keep them so, bore a hole, and 

 plug up a quantity of grease in the gate post, where it 

 may always be at hand when wanted. 



Ice, on door steps, may be easily removed by throw- 

 ing salt upon it, which will cause the ice to crack to 

 pieces. 



Cattle should be duly supplied with salt during win- 

 ter, which is often forgotten. 



Hay and oats may be economized by feeding horses 

 rula bagas, which they soon learn to eat. 



An excellent and cheap paint for rough wood work, 

 is made of G pounds of melted pitch, 1 pint linseed oil, 

 and 1 pound of brick duet, or yellow ochre 



Cream which churns with difficulty in winter, if 

 too sour, will speedily produce butter by the addition 



of saleratus. If too cold hot water may be applied 



butil is better to warm the cream and keep it so. If 

 the thermometer shows 70" of Fob. it will socm c-omc. 

 When minute granules of butter appear and it does 

 not gather readily, throw in a piece of butter, and it 

 will "lump" together in a trice. 



Stumps in fields are made to rot, by placing earth 

 upon them. « 



Farmers' Homes and Children. 



A much esteemed correspondent has sent us a reply 

 to the communication of Akkette, in our lost; but 

 we think it is written under a misapprehension of the 

 subject; and, os it is not very courteous witfaal, we 

 are compelled to decline its publication. The writer 

 styles himself " an old home-spun practical farmer," 

 and says that he " has neither been an indifferent nor 

 a disinterested reader of what our columns have from 

 time to time furnished on the subject of the education 

 of children, with a view to qualify them for the busi- 

 ness of practical farming." He admits that " An- 

 nette has detected and exposed a crying evil, and 

 pointed out the remedy;" but still it appeors to him 

 to be " all moonshine," and he is fearful that the ex- 

 pense of ** making home attractive," according to 

 the suggestions of Annette, will lead farmers into the 

 "frightful swamp of bankruptcy, want, disgrace, 

 and misery." — Wo admit that there are many farm- 

 ers in our land, who cannot afford the necessary lime 

 or expense for the pleasures and comforts spoken 

 of; neither can they afford to educate their 

 daughters in a boarding school ; but at the some 

 time there ore many others who can well afford 

 these expenses, and are not compelled to spend al" 

 their time in toiling for the necessaries of life. It is a 

 great mistake however, to suppose that much expense 

 is necessary in order to moke a dwelling pleosing and 

 beautiful. It need not "all be set up or established up- 

 on the most modern and fashionable foundations." 

 On the contrary, almost any man who has the taste 

 and disposition, con find the time and means to sur- 

 round his home with most of the attractions mention- 

 ed by Annelte, without any danger of bankruptcy or 

 ruin. 



We cheerfully comply with the request of our cor- 

 respondent, in publishing the following article from the 

 National JEgis; and, in return, we ask him to read 

 the article on the ne\t following pag;e, entitled lh» 

 Working Man's Home.— Eds- 



