No. 2. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



27 



connected wiHuhe rural art is of the more la.-ting 

 importance than correcting the constitutional dc. 

 fects of i soil. Tlie hcst horticulturists and market 

 gatdeners are many of them perhaps unacquainted 

 with the theorj', yet perfectly understand the i;reat 

 results from tliat practice; and in this particular 

 information, they are all of them superior to many 

 practical farmers. How often do \Vf see a stiff soil 

 sterile in a <jreat degree from that cause only ; yet 

 in the vicinity of a sandpit and adjoining most bog-; 

 there is a considerable breadth of coherent land, 

 which might be made double its present value, by 

 judicsous and liberal top dres-sings of peat, which is 

 also unproductive from causes of a contrary nature. 

 The present poverty of many extensive tracts of 

 land is a minifest exhibition of the want of skill or 

 enterprise of their ow.iers and cultivators. 



Public Lauds— Emigrants. 



Prior to the year Z835, the sales of public lands had 

 not averaged more than three millions per annum. In 

 the year 1836, however, in consequence of the specu- 

 lation mania of that period, the sales of a single year 

 nmouiued to about lifteen millions, and formed one of 

 the principal items in the vast increase of the public 

 revenue. In 1837, they were suddenly reduced to a- 

 bout the usual amount. 



So vast, however, is the public domain, so great the 

 emigration, both foreign and domestic, and so very fer- 

 tile and tempting the broad plains of iflinois, Indiana, 

 Iowa, and Missouri, that the permanent average 

 amount of public land sales is now very much increas- 

 ed. 



It appears that in the year 1838, the number of acres 

 sold was 3,iU,907. The purchase money $4,305.- 

 554. During the three tirst quarters of the year 1839, 

 the returns showed the following results : — 



Acres sold, 3,771,994 



Purchase money, $4,766,852 



Averaging the 4th quarter, we have receips for 1839, 

 $5,958,565. 



The year 1839 was not deemed a prosperous year, 

 and yet in that year we have the large amount of about 

 six millions of dollars, received into the treasury on 

 account of public lands. This may be deemed some- 

 thing like the future average receipts from this source 

 of revenue. 



If we suppose 160 acres to be the average quantity 

 bought by each person, (and we suppose it is very near 

 it,) there must be S4,000 persons buy public lands each 

 year. This number, as heads of families, represent 

 120,000 persons. Of this aggregate, about 70,000 

 are foreign emigrants, and the residue domestic popu- 

 lation, changing residence. 



This result correiponds very nearly, we believe, 

 with the actual fact. Such a fact as this shows how 

 rapidly our population is changing, and with what gi- 

 gantic strides the vast waves of the people move over 

 the face of our country. In ten years, more than a 

 million of people have moved from the shores of the 

 Hudson, the Connecticut, and the Delaware, or the 

 more distant lands of England, Ireland, and Germa- 

 ny, to s.tileon the plains of the West. And in ten 

 years more, this million will add from three to four 

 hundred thousand to their number, by natural in- 

 crease; and thus is the Great Western Empire exten- 

 ding its limits and multiplying its numbers in a con- 

 stantly increasijig proportion. — Cincinnati Chronicle. 



The Riches of the West. 



We have before us the agricultural returns of nine 

 townships of Monroe county, N. Y., containing 22,- 

 000 people. The result is astonishing. It is proof 

 conclusive of the immense ond almost illimitable re- 

 sources of these heaven-blessed United States. These 

 towns produce in gross as follows : — 



1. Wheat, . 5.58,000 bushels. 



2. Oats, 245,000 " 



3. Corn, 184,000 " 



4. Potatoes, 320,000 " 



5. Susar, 110,000 lbs. 



6. Spirituous liquors, 2,200 bbls. 



The above is only a part ! Such trifling affairs as 

 horses, hay, dairies, manufactures, &c. &c., we have 

 not added up. But look at the result. Every living 

 soul, mm, woman, and child, has in the allotment" 

 as its share in the productions, 25 bushels of wbeat,12 

 bushels of oats, 9 bushels of corn, 14 bushels of pota- 

 toes, 5 lbs. of sugar, &c. Or any head of a family 

 has 150 bushels of wheat, 72 of oats, 54 of corn, 84 

 of potatoes, and 31) lbs of sugar. 



Taken as a whole, these townships raise at least 

 four timzs as much bread stuffs as are necessary for 

 their consumption, and other things in proportion ! 



But if the reader be n little surprised at this, he will 

 be more so, when he Icnrns that these same towns 

 made $105,000 worth of butter .and cheese; raieeil 

 $32,000 worth of fruit; made .'};40,000 worth of 

 home eloih; and produced ,'jji450,000 worth of manu- 

 factured articles; or .'ij!30,00 a piece for each living 

 soul. This afi;>rd8 matter for comment, not only on 

 ihe physical but the moral condition of the county — 

 None but a country m the highest moral condition, 

 can produce Eut-h a result. Thete people are not only 

 well off, independent, but they are the richest in the 

 world. Nor is this an isolaterl example. Our own 

 Western Reserve will show the eaifie result; so will 

 many other districts. 



Beside these wheat fields rise the village church 

 and the village school. There are happy faces, young 

 and old, around them. Long may they enjoy the 

 peaceful fruits of happy, independent labor I — Cincin- 

 nati Chronicle. 



Riches of Ohio. 



We have taken occasion to illustrate the great re- 

 sources of our country, and especially the Western 

 portion of it, by the statistics of a | art of Monroe 

 county, N. Y. The result of tliat inquiry was, that 

 the people of that section actually raised near^re 

 times as much l/rcad-sti/Jf' as they could consume, and 

 ihevefoie four ff tits ot it was positive profit. 



We shall now continue the illustration of this fact, 

 by the a^gricidtaral statistics of Wayne county, Ohio, 

 as published in the W ooster Democrat. 



Wayne county is a large county, containing some 

 700, or 800 square miles, on the great central table 

 land of the State; partaking of the same general 

 character as that vast plateau which extends from the 

 foot of the AlleghnniBS to the Mississippi. It is not 

 intersected by any of the great internal improvements 

 (canal or railroad) in the State. It is therefore a fair 

 specimen of the agricultural condition of Ohio. 



The county of Wayne contains about 8,000 male 

 adults, which may therefore stand as representatives 

 of the families. Of these, 7,000 or 7-8lh8 of the 

 whole are farmers. 



We will now see what proportion of bread-stuffs, 

 or what may be deemed the staff of life to man, is 

 raised in this county. 



Wheat, ... 753,000 bushels. 



Rye, 50,000 " 



Buckwheat, 20,000 " 



Corn, 3;)5,000 " 



Potatoes, 132,000 " 



Of these articles we may exclude Ironi men corn, 

 which, though bread-st!tff\ is in Ohio chiefly fed to 

 animals, and 'mc\\iie ]iotaloes, of which man is almost 

 the only consumer. We have then, 945,000 bushels 

 of grain, or its equivalent, used as the food of man. 



Allowing the usual averoge for the consumption of 

 these articles by the population of Wayne, and the re- 

 sult is that the people there rmaefour and a half times 

 as much bread-stulT as they consume. In other words, 

 of 4J bushels of grain raised in that county, 3J may 

 be set down for exportation. In this great fact we see 

 how it is that such enormous amounts of flour arrive 

 at the ports of Buffalo and New Orleans. At Buffa- 

 lo, 27,000 barrels of Ohio flour arrived in a single day I 

 But this is only one side of the statistics of this coun- 

 ty. 'I'here are raised in it, 



Oats, 543,000 bushels. 



Hay, 38,000 tons. 



Wool, 120,000 lbs. 



Sugar, 177,000 " 



Horses ond Mules, 82,000 



Hogs .35,000 



Sheep, 75,000 



And, we may add, there are less than 1500 barrels 

 of Whiskey made in the county. 



We give these I'acts as specimens of the domestic 

 industry, and the substantial wealth of this prosperous 

 nation. We doubt whether any thing like it can be 

 found in the hislory of nations. It is every man 

 (with (e\v rare exceptions) silting under his own (not 

 vine and tig tree) fruit trees, looking over his own 

 waving fields, enjoying the rewards of his own labor, 

 secured by wi.-e and equal laws, under a free govern- 

 ment and a merciful Providence. It brings us back, in 

 idea, to the days of Abroham, with the addition of 

 blessings which Abraham knew not of. This is De- 

 mocracy in America, which neither needs the com- 

 ments of Philosophy nor the songs of Poetry to be 

 seen, felt, and understood. — Cincinnati Chronicle. 



Apple Molasses. 



The Ohio Farmer gives the following mode of ma- 

 king apple molasses, and we hove no doubt that it is 

 more swset, and for some purpeses superior to that 



made by boiling down the juice or cider; for this will 

 be likely to change in some measure by the vinous 

 fermentation, before it can be boiled down. — American. 

 Farmer. 



"ArPLF, Molasses There is many a good house- 

 wife who has more faith in her own experience thon 

 in the science of chemistry, that knows not the value 

 of api'le molasses; but still believes it to be the some 

 kind of tort, smoky, worthless slufl'that has from time 

 immemorial been made by boiling down cider. It is 

 not within my province, at ibis time, to attempt to 

 convince such that there is a chemical diflercnce, 

 though it might easily be shown that they are almost 

 as different os sugar and vinegar. I would, howev- 

 er, invite them to loy aside their cider this year, and 

 try the plan of boiling down the juice of the apple 

 that has not been exposed to the air by grinding and 

 pressing. 



Lost autumn I placed a number of bushels of 

 Wetherill's sweeting apples in two large braes kettles, 

 with water just sufficient to steam them: when they 

 boiled soft, I turned them inio a new splinter boeke', 

 containing some straw, and placed on them a barrel 

 nead and a heavy weight. The juice was caught in a 

 tub. This was repeated until 1 had juice enough to 

 fill the kettle, when I commenced boiling down, and 

 attended to it strictly, till it became of the consistency 

 of cane molasses. The native acids of the fruit, im 

 parted a peculiar flavor, otherwise it could hardly be 

 distinguished from the syrup of the cone. It was used 

 in my fomily for moking sweetmeats, pies, for dres 

 sing on puddings ond griddle cakes, and a variety ot 

 other purposes. The cost of making is very trifling, 

 and the means are within the reach of every former." 



Horticulture. 



BY MRS. I.VLUA U. 5IGOURNEY. 



If the admiration of the beautiful things of nature, 

 has a tendency to soften and refine the character, the 

 culture of them has a still more powerful and abiding 

 influence. It takes the form of an affection. The 

 seed which we have nursed, the tree of our planting, 

 under whose fhade we sit with delight, are to us, aa 

 living, loving friends. In proportion to the care wo 

 have bestowed on them, is the warmth of our regard. 

 They are also gentle and persuasive teachers of Hia 

 goodness, who causcth the sun to shine and the dew to 

 distil; who forgets not the tender buried vine amid the 

 snows and ice of winter, but bringeth forth the root 

 long hidden from the eye of man, into vernal splendor, 

 or autumnal fruitage. 



The lessons learned among the works of nature are 

 of peculiar value in the present age. The restless- 

 ness and din of the rail road principles, which per- 

 vades its operations, and the spirit of accumulotion 

 which threatens to corrode every geneious sensibility, 

 are modified by the sweet friendship of the quiet 

 plants. The toil, the hurry, the speculation, the sud- 

 den reverse which mark our own times, beyond any 

 that have preceded them, render it peculiarly salutary 

 for us to heed the admonition of our Saviour, and toke 

 instruction from the lilies of the field, those peoceful 

 denizens of the bounty of heaven. 



Horticulture has been pronounced by medical men, 

 as salutary to health, and to cheerfulness of spirits; 

 and it would seem that this theory might be sustained, 

 by the placid and happy countenances of those who 

 use it as a relaxation from the excitement of business, 

 or the exhaustion of study. And if he, who devotes 

 his leisure to the culture of the works of nature, bene- 

 fits himself — he who beautifies a garden for the eye of 

 the community, is surely a public benefactor. He in- 

 stils into the bosom of the man of the world, panting 

 with the gold fever, gentle thoughts, which do good 

 like a medicine. He cheers the desponding involid, 

 and makestheeyeof the child brighten with a more in- 

 tense happiness. He furnishes pure aliment for that 

 taste which refines character and multiplies simple 

 pleasures. To those who earn their substance by la- 

 boring on his grounds, he stands in the light of a ben- 

 efactor. The kind of industry which he promotes, is 

 favorable to simplicity and virtue. With one of the 

 sweetest poets of our mother land, we may soy, 



" Praise to tlie sturdy spade, 



And patent plough, and sl'iepllcrd's simple crook. 

 And let the light ineohanie's tool lie hailed 

 tVith honor, which encasing liy the power 

 Of long companionship, the Ial;orer's hand. 

 Cut otr that hand, with ali its world of nerves. 

 From a too busy commerce with the heart." 



Ladift Bofyk. 



Beauty. — Af'er all, the most natural beauty in the 

 world is honesty ond truth. For oil benuiy is truth. 

 True features make the beouty of a face; and Vu? 

 proportions the beauty of architecture; as irtip (»ea.i 

 sures that of harmony and music. In puQiry, wliiclt 

 ia all fable, truth still is the perfection. 



