9M. B. BATEHAM, 

 C. F. CROSMAN, Proprietors, 



VOIi. 2. 



ROCHESTER, APRIIi, 1841. 



XO. 



. } JOHN J. THOMAS, 

 ^* S M. B. BATEHAM. D/i/or-"?. 



PLBIilSHEO >IO\THIiY. 



TERMS, 



FIFTY CENTS, per year, payjihle always in advance. 



Post Masters, Ajjents, and others, sending money free of 

 postajre, will receive secen copie? for S3, — TucUc copies lor 

 ^o, ■•^' Vic tnly -five copies for SIO. 



The posuige oi ih'iA paper is oiiJy one cent to anyplace 

 within this state, and one and a half cents to any part of 

 Uie United Slates. 



AH suliscriptions mnsl commence with tlie volume. 



Volume 1 (siit*:hed) can lie furnished to new subscribers. 

 Price 50 ccnis. 



Address BATEHAM Si. CROSMAX, Rocheslcr, N. V. 



not arturdtosenil tlie Farmer at the wholesale terms, (allow- 

 in? a commission) and if the discount is more lh;in len per 

 i-ent., we mt:stre:urn the money. (Several of the -"^ Red 

 back" banks in Western New York have slopped payment 

 of Jalc, and their bills are unsaleable at prcsen:.) The fol- 

 lowing are the present rates of the principal kinds of bills. 



specie par. 



Pennsvtvania.. . . ti a 10 dls. 



t. S. iiunk 20 



Ohio 10 a 15 " 



Canad.". B " 



Suspension IJridge,3 a 5 



New England par. 



iMaryl'iid^c Virginia.tia lUdis 

 New Jersey,. ... 3a 6 '• 



Indiana 10 " 



Illinois 15o20 " 



1 Michigan, 25 " 



in£r 





CO\TEXTS OF THIS NUMBER. 



Publishers' Xniicrs. &c. Hints for theMonili. To Gar- 



(<deiicrs New Silk Keel — Cocoons 40 



Fire Wood. ** Bois anil Horse Bees." Kust on Wheat.. JU 



Slaking H;ty. A^riculinraJ Experiments, .heir depend- 

 ence on Climate an.i Suil. Peck's Pleasant (Apple.) 

 Sore Throat in Swine. Effects .jf Plaster on Land ... 51 



Important Discovery — How to render Wood Imjierishatdc 

 and Ini'oinbusliblc. Joint Interests of the North and 

 South in their In:rr-State Trade, Arc 52 



Transplanting Fruit Trees. Agricnluire in Xova Si-oTia. 53 



Fic'ilious Si.'iialnres. Importance of Wheat Ctilture. 

 Best Time for CultingTiniher. Discovery in Sugar Ma- 

 king. Blue Grass and tjuick (or CoucJi) Grass 54 



Couch Grass Educatioi* of Farmers* Children, \o. 3. 

 Sugar Beets 55 



Gardening for April. Flowers inEnghind. WiU. U. 

 Smith's Farmery 56 



X^i. Y. Legislature — Bill to Promote Aff. Horticultural 

 Electing at Uoche=ter. Burlington Silk'Frame. Agri- 

 cultural Implements Wanted. Ciiemical Apparatus. .. 5" 



Castor Oil Beans— Ricinus. Cheap Laboratory. Hints to 

 ^Veslern Emigrants N. Y. State Ag. Society 58 



Treatment of Peach Trees. Comparative VaJue of differ- 

 ent kinds of Silk Worms 59 



pleasures and Profits of Agriculture. On Cattle. Col. 

 Sawyer's Berkshires (K) 



"Whiting's Wisconsin Plou^rh (uilh Cut.) " The X^rth- 

 ern Light." ^ Gl 



The Past Winter. Veget.Tule Oyster Pudding. A Scene 

 in Asia Minor. Cheap and durahle Fences. Sliding 

 Gates for Cars f.2 



Proiecllng Fruit Trc^s. Merino Sheep. Durham Cows, 

 as !\Ii!kcrs. Different Soils. Paying for Luxuries.. . . 63 



Ontario Co. Ag. Society Xolii'e. Pea-X'ut Silk Worm 

 Eijgs Wanted — Seed Store Xoticcs, &c. Reports of the 

 Markets. Adverrisemenis. \-c . 04 



Publishers' Notices, 



To Agents andSibscp.ibers— Jti iTzp/sBflfion.— The num- 

 ber of IcUert received daily at the Farmer office is tcry great, 

 ^sometimes from 50 to 100) and the licalth of the ncting pub- 

 lisher will not at present allow him to give clc-c attention to 

 business : so that letters are not usually read by the publish- 

 ers themselves unless they contain something of more than 

 ordinary importance. This will explain many cases of ap- 

 parent neglect — especially such as omitting to send cvtra 

 copies to agents entitled to them, but who have noiask£d for 

 them. Tt will also explain why letters of acknowledgment 

 have not more generally \.ecn Kent. 



The clerks in the (ilS'e arc corapc'.cnt and careful, hut they 

 ere not infallible, nor do ihey know every thing. Some mis- 

 takes ore made, but miiny complaints arise from the negli- 

 gence of the persons ordering the papers, in not mentioning 

 what State th* Post Office is in. There may be a dozen offices 

 of the same namei i th? I'nited States, and if the letter is not 

 narked, it is no wonder if the papers are sent wron^, 



A few cases h^ve come to our knowledge where the letters 

 have evidently miscarried or been purloine 1 from the malls 

 and the money lost. In such cases we consent to bear the 

 loss af:er being satlsfiei that the money was correctly mail- 

 ed ; and when informed of the particulars, we forward the 

 papers. 



Distressing Times I 



Tt is too bad— we cannot endure it. What shall fpc do > 

 "We daily receive a gre.-iier or less amount cf money, on 

 which we have to sacrifice from 10 to 15 cenl3 on a dollar, in 

 discount, and some bilfg we have to return to those who send 

 them. AVe presume our friends send us sueh money as tliev 

 ■uppnge to be gonj. and therefore we do not censure tliem. 

 bat we wish to ca,!I their attention to ths table below, and to 

 tBfcm tkw Uwtlf U)«rP i»'di9epunt <R) tlie moatry, wq can- <juftr^ 



The bills of alt the Safely Fund Banks are received in de- 

 posite by the BuTiks of this city ; and all llie Free Br.nk^ arc 

 also received at the Rochester City Bank, except the follow- 



AU the 9 Banks lit Buffalo— Bank nf Western Xew York- 

 City Trust — Chelsea — Tenth AVau] — STaten Island — Far- 

 mers', Senei'a Co. — [Millers'. Clyde — Tonawanri;: — Lodi — 

 Lowville — Clean — Silver Creek — Alleghany — EinghamtOTi — 

 Watertown — Cattaraugus — St. Lawrence — Exehatitre Bank 

 of Genceee at Alexander — Farmers' &. Mechanics' ; t Bata- 

 vla — James Bank — Drnsville — Farmers' Bank of Orlc-ns at 



Gaines — Delaware-Mechanics' & Farmers' at Uiica— and mixing Nvith the 6oil, to four loads of GtaUle df.- 

 Washington. 



Spring wheat should be sown ae eoiiy ae prnciica- 

 ble. If the goil be dry, it isbest, like pens, ii covered 

 by means of a light plough. Where wheat hos been 

 winter-killed, it nmy be ndvanlngcous to bow those 

 vacnrtt epots with epring wheat. 



Let all the manure which hos been collecting during 

 winter be cnried out on the land. 'J o leave a large 

 heap unapplied is tiirowingaway monry by bandfu'.s — 

 a single load will often produce several bushels in- 

 crease of crop — an enormous waste rctulte from ne- 

 glect. But where manure is not now applied, let it 

 be made into compost, by mixing soil, or what is far 

 belter, fiwan.p muck and peat, with it. One load of 

 stable manure, and three of pent, mixed togett-cr, v-ith 

 a small addition of lime, will make f<-ur loads of com- 

 post, ffilly equal in etii'ct, and far euperiur In tj.-plying 



Several of the above Banks are no rioulit perfectly solvent 

 and will soon lie a^ain current — Rochester Daily Adc. 



To Readers aud toirespondents. 



We are gratified in being able to ^ive the names in full of 

 several new a^ld valualde writers this month. Other com- 

 munications are received, some of which will a[)pear next 

 month; but seveial, without proper si gnaiures, we must 

 decline publishing. 



The Monroe Cut'NTY Agricultural Society, it 

 should be rememb red, meet on the 5ih day of May. 

 to make arrcngementa fof the season. 



Ilitits for tiie Moathi 



Closer and ^raee seed, if not already sown, should 

 now be, as soon as possible, that tbey may recjive the 

 full benefit of a moist SDil, and a crumbling surface 

 from freezing and thawing, to assist vegetation. When 

 sown upon wheat, a Wz^nkairoicing more efTectually 

 insures their growth, and benefits rather than injures 

 the wheat. Be eure to put on plenty of seed — a few 

 shillings more per acre in seed will often bring many 

 dollars more per acre in crop. Sinclair gives the case 

 ofa farmer who always stocked heavy with grass seeds, 

 and who always cs a consequence pecured a heavy coat 

 of herbage the first year, which differed from, old pas- 

 turc 07iiij in being more luxuriant. 



nure. ** Manure is money'* — let it not be watted. 



Let all spring crops be put in, in thebctt manner; — 

 ** a good beginning makes a good end," — mott com- 

 monly, plough well — let furrow slicr.B be narrow — 

 (e.\cept sward — ) furrows sl.x inches wide, wiU show 

 a much handsomer looking field af'.er ] ioughing, than 

 those a foot wide. Try it. Thorough woik is cliuap- 

 eat. 



Sleds, now out of use, should be well token care of, 

 put under shelter, and raised from the grouiid. S!cds, 

 cart wheels, &c. are often more injurs^d by standing 

 on damp earth, by which decay soin commences, than 

 all the use, and (other) abuse, that tbey receive. 



Trci.splantinglrecs mustbe done now, or very soon,— 

 or else put off another year. Farmers! baveyoufruit 

 trees enough f — recollect they cost but little — and pro- 

 duce much. — Have you ornamental trees enough round 

 your bouse ? — they are easily planted — cost but a Iri- 

 i!e — and make home dclirhifu! — rendering what ia 

 invaluable, still more invaluable— now is the lime. 



To Gavdcrieis. 



Our readers will perceive by a notice in another 

 page, that a Horticultural Socikty is about being 



organized, and as an exhibition of Fruit, Flowers and 

 The farmer should also remember tie adtiinEage oft Vegetables, will be held some time during the sum- 



a mi.Mure of gross seeds,— different species subsisting 1 mer orfoll, it would be well for gardeners and ama- 



upon different parts of ihi^soil— and ihet a given sur- '[ :eurs to make early preparotione. Our June No. will 



face of the soil will therefore support a much greater 



number of plants of different, than of one and the same 



species. 



New meadows should be early and carefully picked 



of all loose or projecting stones, and tbe surface rolled 



smooth. By clearing off stones nnd filling covered 



ditches or building walls, the farmer kills at least tkrtc 



birds with one stone, — he enables the mower to cut 



more closely and thus save a largf.T crop of hay ; he 



contain the Constitution of the Society nnd noiico of 

 whatever arrangements may be made with regard lo 

 exhibitions. 



N'ew Silli Rep!"Caeoous. 



Mr. Joseph AUeynof this city, has invented a ma- 

 chine for reeling and spinning silk which it is thought 

 will prove superior to any now in use. It is not quite 

 perfected, but the public will soon have an opportuni- 

 prevcnts the frequent loes of houva ill the thicken of 1 ty of judging of its merits. A more part.cular nc 



haying from the dulling of scythps; aad. useful drains 

 and permanent fences are cons'triicted. 



Plaster should be sown 9?T',y,. _ai soon as the grass 

 and clover slang a l'"\e— a hus'^el and a half, or ihere- 

 ^^^ ^ *^^« °"^» i^ av»sll w three times that 



count of it may be expected next mouth. 



Jlfr, Hiram Hoi/bins^ near Allen's Creek, ir». tha- 

 town of Brighton, offers to lake a few busbcla.of co- 

 coons and manufaciurc lUepTtinlo sewing si!k on equal 

 bbares, (halves.) "We have seen sewing silk manu^ 

 fwrtitf«q,t7y hirn, nftid it ww of exwll^t qnality, 



