AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



67 





Till' buililing erected last scnsnn wns contracted for 

 1 Uh- percU at tUiny-eeveii ami n half cents; and bnlf 

 , tins sum additional, was allowed for the tender. 

 IV walls, however, were groulcd — thntis, all the in- 

 ,tiL03 between the atones were filled with liquid 

 I r I'll; and this substance must have more time to set. 

 r tins reason not more than three courses a day can 

 hud in dry weather; and not any when it ia sUosv- 



V. 



It requires from ten to twelve bushels of sand to a 

 re ii besides the lime when made iuto mortar; and 

 stones lie in a heap when thrown from the wag- 

 ■ ut as compactly os they do in the wall. 

 1, roliljle stone buildings are so cheap as wood, as 

 e of those proprietors believes, they will be much 

 eaper in the long run; and ihiswill beevident when 

 consider the freqeent paintings which are neccsBa- 

 to keep a frame house in dccout repair. 

 P. S. Since writing the above, I have received 

 communications from persons who have had cob- 

 5 Btones houses erected. One says, " the thickness 

 the wall is measured from the outside of the stones, 

 eces of timber, four by si.'i inches and two feet long, 

 e used for setting the lines. These are laid in the 

 urses just tim.«hed, and the line is drawn through 

 w-cutBJust si.xteen inches apart.'* 

 The other s.iys, "The cost of cobble is about one- 

 tth less than brick; and probably one-quarter or 

 e. third less than wood, — on the supposition that the 

 nes may be had within a mile, and sand within two 

 da half miles." It must be evident, however, that 

 e.\pense of cobble, brick, wood and stone, must 

 Tor considerably in diflerenl places, according to the 

 ices of those materials and the distances they have 

 be carried. — Alb. Cultirutor. D. T. 



Greafjteldj Cayuga „o. 



Scraps, 



COXDENSED FROM EXCHANGE PAPERS. 



Large Ox. A late number of the Farmers' Cabi- 

 t contains a good portrait of the ox "Pennsylvania," 

 iroes between the Devon and Durham, eight years 

 1, lately slaughtered at Philadelphia, which weighed 

 len alive, 3,330 lbs., or more than a ton and a half. 

 e was sold for the enormous sum of fifteen hundred 

 liars. He was only 400 lbs. less than the weight of 

 e celebrated " Durham ox" in England, the owner 

 which refused two thousand guineas for him; and 

 ly about half a ton less than Dunhill's great York- 

 ire ox, which perhaps stands at the head of the list 

 this kind of monsters. 



QoALiTV OF Fuel. According to the experiments 

 Marcus Bull, of Philadelphia, the following are the 

 tantities of different kinds of wood required to 

 row off an equal quantity of heat — all to be well 

 •ttsoned. 



Hickory 4 cords, 



White .ak 43 " 



Hard maple, C§ " 



Soft maple, 71-5" 



Pitch pine, 91 7" 



White pine, 91-5' 



Anthracite coal, 4 tons. 



BoTS IS Horses. A dose of molasses, is said, on 

 ae authority of experiment, to be effectual. 



GraIs Worm. S. W. Jewett, of Middlebury, Vt. 

 hinks, from some e.vperiments he has made, that the 

 :rain worm may be successfully repelled from wheat 

 ields, by making use of the peculiar and intolerably 

 Il-ecented lluid emitted by the skunk, for that pur- 

 lose. 



Sooth Down Sheep. E. P. Prentice, near Alba- 

 ly, sells these for $'20 to $50 each. 



Draixin-g. Judge M'Call, of Allegany county, by 

 tneans of underdraining, raised last year a good crop 

 }f spring wheat, at the rate of 2o bushels to the acre, 

 irhere the year before the land produced little else 

 than the coarse water grasses. He constructs under- 

 dtains in soft ground by placiTig two pieces of plank 

 on edge at the bottom of the ditch, securing their po- 

 sition on edge by stakes driven inside, and covering 

 with ft ilab. Small notches ar« cut in the upper edge 



of the plank for theadinission of water. A more sub- 

 stantial way, and adapted to quicksands, is to lay a 

 slob in the bottom, scantling on each edge, and anoth- 

 er slab at top. 



The Phii-osophek's Stone found. McDuffee, in 

 his late agricultural address, speaking of John Ran- 

 dolph, of Roanoke, says, " In the midst of one of his 

 splendid rhapsodies in the Senate of the United States, 

 he paused, and fixing his eyeson the presiding olKcer, 

 exclaimed, ' Mr. President, I have discovered the phi- 

 losopher's stone. It consists in these four plain Eng- 

 lish monosyllables: Pay as you go.' " 



Saw Dust, is converted into manure, by the Sha- 

 kers of Canterbury, N. 11., by using it as litter for 

 stables. It has a very decided advantage over straw, 

 in the case with which it mixes with the soil while the 

 manure is yet unfermented. 



Rohan Pot.vto. H. D. Grove, in the Cultivator, 

 fives the result of an" experiment to test the relative 

 productiveness of the Rolian and JVIerino potato. 

 The soil was in fine condition, being similar in quality 

 for each variety, but the Rohans received the most at- 

 tention. The Merinos yielded at the rate of 550 bush- 

 els to the acre, and the Rohans only 2G3 bushels. We 

 have observed in nearly all accounts of the productive- 

 ness of the Rohans, statements of the rate of increase 

 from the seed merely, and not the rale per acre. 



White Carrot. A late number of the New 

 England Farmer, contains several statements of the 

 value of this new variety. It grows partly above 

 ground, somewhat similar to the mangel wurtzel. In 

 one experiment, the same number of men, that har- 

 vested in 1839, eighty-two bushels of the orange car- 

 rot, harvested in lS-10, one hundred and eighty-four 

 bushels of the white. Tw-o prize crops, one of the 

 vellow, and the other of the white, yielded 23 tons to 

 the acre, of the former, and 38 tons to the acre, of the 

 latter variety. Another crop of the white yielded 2G 

 tons to the acre. Another, of 4 acres, yielded at the 

 rate of 1300 bushels the acre. 



Corn husking machine. The American Farmer 

 contains a figure and description of Goldsbnrough's 

 Corn Husker and Sheller, and according to the state- 

 ment of Robert Sinclair jr. & Co., the manufactu- 

 rers, 700 bushels are husked and shelled by it in a day, 

 or 1200 bushels shelled, if previously husked. The 

 husks, (stripped ill fine order for matress makers,) 

 cobs, and corn, all pass out together. A boy will rake 

 the busks and cobs from the corn as fast as discharged. 

 The machine is on the principle ot the common 

 thrashing machine, with o spring concave bed set with 

 fluted rollers. The cost, separate from the horse pow- 

 er, is $35. The manufacturers expressly guarantee 

 them to perform as represented. 



Durham Cattle in England. The following 

 prices were obtained for fine animals of this breed at 

 the Earl of Carlisle's sale Inst autumn. One at 110 

 guineas (about $500;) two at 150 guineas (about 

 .■s^OO;) one at 320 guineos (about $1500; and one at 

 415 guineas «( over $l9i)0.) It was from the Earl of 

 Carlisle's stock, the famous bull Rarer, formerly be- 

 longing to Thomas Weddle, was obtained, and from 

 i which most of the fine young animals of T. Weddle'e 

 stock in this country, originated. * 



It is said thot there are there vast swamps of red 

 cedar, (Juniperus Virginica : ) that under the 

 earth in these places for many feet in depth, are found 

 large trunks of those trees, apparently of antidcluvian 

 growth, and perhaps of a much warmer climate than 

 in the present day. On this side of the lake our ce- 

 dar swamps are filled with the white cedar only, an 

 entirely different genus ( T/ivja occidcntalis.) Our red 

 cedar is confined to the East bank of the Cayuga and 

 Seneca lakes. S. W. 



Canada« 



Messrs. Editors — Will not some of your Canadian 

 subscribers give us a sketch of the rural productions 

 of the country, its soil, climate, geology, &c. As 

 we have no primitive rock cxcepfthe erratic boulders, 

 wliich have been swept over our country from the 

 North, we incline to the belief that the geology of the 

 North side of Lake Ontario must abound in primitive 

 rock in-situ. 



Feed of Durham Cows. 



We observe that Skinner, Colnian, and other men 

 of high authority, consider Durham cattle not adapted 

 to the short postures of the atlantic states, but suited 

 only to the rich lands and luxuriant feed of the west. 

 If this is the case, we can mention one very decided 

 exception. The full bred Durham cow, in the posses- 

 sion of W. R.Smith, figure in our Starch number, 

 was kept through the Inel summer entirely on the shor- 

 test pasture that could be selected, yet during the whole 

 time she contiued so fat that fears of danger in calving 

 were strongly entertained; the native breed, in the same 

 pasture, continuing in greatly inferior condition. * 



The Feacli Worm, and the Borer. 



While ibe pcacli-icurm confines its operations totha 

 pulpy part of the bark, the horer cuts through the sol- 

 id wood. Both insects are occasionally destructive: 

 the former by girdling, prevents the descent of tho 

 juices or liquid wood, and destroys the tree by stran- 

 gulation ; while the latter by perforoting many ports of 

 the alburnum through which the sap ascends, cuts off 

 the channels of its nourishment, anikdestroys the treo 

 by starvation. 



The pcacli-JCorm in this district is found chiefly, if 

 not entirely, near the root of the peach tiee. The lio. 

 rcr, on the other hand, lives in the quince tret, the 

 mountain ash, and not unfrequently, the apple tree. 

 We have never known it attack the pear tree, nor any 

 tree from which gum exudes. 



Both of these insects spring from eggs which are 

 Generally deposited in the bark near tho giound; but 

 the flcrtc/i-fcorm works chiefly (/oicnwarrf, so as to have 

 itshobitationaprotected from the cold of winter by 

 the soil, only coming occasionally to the surface to 

 dispose of its filth. The borer, on the contrary, pene- 

 trating into the interior of the wood, and keeping the 

 entrance of its hole entirely closed, so as to exclude 

 the cold air, — often works vpward ; and we have 

 known it, when possing into thepertect state, to leave 

 the tree at the height of more than two feet from the 

 ground. 



We should judge that the easiest way to destroy the 

 pcuch-icorm, is by scalding, as noticed in our last 

 number by a correspondent from Ohio; but this reme- 

 dy would be useless in most cases, against the borer, 

 on account of his ascending progress, and his position 

 in the interior of the tree. We have destroyed them 

 in considerable numbers by means of a barbed wire, 

 but the operation is often tedious from the crookednesa 

 of their holes. We have therefore (or two years past, 

 endeavored to exclude them from one of their favo. 

 rite trees (a mountain ash) by coating the barls 

 to the height of three feet with tar; and by rol- 

 ling a newspaper round it, to piotect it from the wea- 

 ther, tied in three or four places; and the plan boa 

 succeeded completely. 



The borer is the chief cause of the scarcity of quin- 

 ces in this district. We have had more than thirty 

 trees destroyed by it; but we do not despair. The 

 same process that protects the mouniain ath, will pro- 

 te.':t the quince tree. Let the stems be single to lh(f 

 height of three or four feet; and only port of a day 

 on the commencement ..f mild weather, would be re- 

 quired to guard a hundred in the inannw lUat we have 

 mentioned. 



t 



