74 



THE NEW GENESi^E EAK.MI:R, 



Vol. 2 



Excrescences on Plnm Trees. 



In a late journey througb some pons of Senecn nnd 

 Ontario counties, we coulil not but observe the in- 

 crease of these unsightly bunches on the i)Ium trees, 

 wiiliin the past year; nnJ the inquiry came before us, 

 Have these peoj)le no eyes 1 or do they see not thnt 

 their trees must soon perish unless they lend a helping 

 hand t Branch after branch becomes loaded, the nu- 

 triment is turned into other channels, and a general 

 decline must rapidly suporveite. 



Vet these worms which feed on the best juices of 

 the tree nnd load it with deformity, are utterly help- 

 loss, and live entirely through our forbearance or ne- 

 glect. No work is more easy than to destroy them, if 

 ■we go about it in the right way. Let every man that 

 own9 a plum tree and wishes to preserve it, cut ofl' 

 every branch on which these excrescences are found, 

 and burn them to prevent the possibility of the insects 

 escaping. We do not expect however, that worms 

 will bo found in these old habitations at thisseason-:- 

 tho perlect insect escaped from them last season; but 

 eggs were most probably deposited again in the same 

 branches; and our object is to have the young worms 

 destroyed. Soon alter the receipt of this number of 

 the New Genesee Farmer, begin to watch for new 

 nests, as they will probably appear soon after the 

 tree comes into full loaf. Let the search be thorough, 

 cut Ihcra oil" and barn them widiout delay, and there 

 ■will be but few to disturb the tree next year. 



We have observed that this insect is generally not 

 much inclined to travel when it can be accommodated 

 near its native spot. Some limbs are more crowded 

 with these bunches than others; and we have lately 

 Been83veral trees standing near together that were ru- 

 ined; while two or three others at no greater distance 

 than a few rods, were almost exempt from those rava- 

 ges. VVe mention this to show that the progress of 

 those insects is moderate — not rushing on in ovcr- 

 ■whelmiug numbers like many other insects. Be en- 

 couraged then, 'and go to work. t 



Our WooUeg manufiictiircs i>icju(liced by the 

 Compromise Act, owing to the duty on fine 

 foieign Wool. Cheap capital and cheap pro- 

 duction makes Eu^tiind a creditor uatiou«- 

 iiot her restrictive measures. 

 Messrs. Editors — It was an oversight in the fra- 

 mersof our Cumpromise Act, to make the same re- 

 duction in the duties on imported woollens as on any 

 other article; for the reason that England admits for- 

 eign wool into her poits at a merely nominal duty of 

 one penny per lb., while the United States puts a pro- 

 hibitory duty on fine foreign wools. 



The low price of wool in Germany enables the Eng- 

 lish manufacturer to procure his fine stock from 

 thence, much cheaper than it can be procured at home; 

 and as it is imported almost without duty, he can the 

 more successfully compete with our own manufac- 

 tures, who are cut of] by a high duty from a supply of 

 line foreign wool. Hence the minimum duty of 20 

 per cent, on foreign cloths, vs-hich itntler the compro- 

 mise act is to take effect in 1842, is by no means a buf- 

 fieient protection for our woolleit mnnufuctures against 

 competition from abroad. 



In 1321 the duty on foreign wool in England was 

 6d. sterling, about 11 cte., per lb. But in order to 

 give the woollen mnuufoeturer a boon to compensate 

 him fur the cfTect of our high tarifl' on British wool- 

 lens, the British government reduced the duty on for- 

 eign wool to one penny per lb. Hence the hardship 

 of the provisions of our compromise act in relation to 

 woollen cloth, as it reduces the duty on foreign fine 

 cloth, without a correspondent reduction of the duty 

 on ftue foreign wotd. 



Should Congress take off the duty on foreign wool, 

 our wool growers would havo Height to complain. 



What then is to be done for our woollen manufactu- 

 rers 1 I reply, revise the compromise act so as to 

 give them that relief which their necessities and the 

 justice of their cause demands. Let the advocates of 

 free trade reflect that in a moderate protection extended 

 to our woollen manufactures, they arc also encoura- 

 ging the wool growers, by giving to this class of our 

 agriculturists that stability of demand, and consequent 

 regular profits, tbcy have never yet enjoyed. 



The friends of a high tarifTin the United States are 

 coirtinually urging that England extends towards her 

 manufacturing interests, an almost unlimited protec- 

 tion. On examination we find that out of 11">0 arti- 

 cles on which an impost duty is levied, only 20 of 

 them pays a duty fur protMlion — the remaining 1 130 

 paying a duty lor revenue only. Is it not rather the 

 cheapness of capital and the low price of labor, rather 

 than a highly protective tarilT, which enables England 

 to sell so much, and to become the great creditor na 

 tion of both the civilized and pagan world 7 



Much has been said of late about the prejudicial 

 operation o*" the English Corn Laws upon the trade of 

 the United Slates. What right have we to complain 

 of England for thus saving her agricultural interest 

 from utter prostration and ruin, by the free admission 

 of our more cheaply raised productions ? We have at 

 least one ealvo in our dilemma — the protection Eng- 

 land gives to her ngrictdture is a direct charge upon 

 her manufacturing interests. Mnnufacturing Eng- 

 land, under her corn law restrictions, is a much lets 

 dangerous competitor to manufacturing America, than 

 she would be if American bread stufTs were admitted 

 free into English ports. 



There is another reason why the recinding of the 

 English corn laws would fail to give any considerable 

 demand for bread stufTs from the United States. 

 Germany and the north of Europe, can at all times 

 supply England with grain on quite as good, if not 

 better, terms than the United States. 



Let farmers then, instead of depending on the dcvi- 

 cesof legislation, learn to look to their own resouices, 

 and " make not haste to bo rich." Let them diversi- 

 fy their productions to suit the varied capability of the 

 soil, and the probable state of the markets. If prices 

 are low, so far as the farmer is the consumer of his 

 own productions, he loses nothing. If his surplus 

 docs not bring as much as in other times, neither does 

 the manufactured article he neetlfe cost as much. If 

 he owes old debts, he is indeed the loser by the cheap- 

 ness of the times; but this loss must be chargeable to 

 the year in which the debt was incurred, and not to 

 the present era of exploded humbug andsobcr reality. 



S. W. 



From Ike (London) Gardener's Cltronictc of Feb. 27. 

 Tiees and Shrubs. 



The f illowing list of the newest and most remarka- 

 ble deciduous trees and shrubs, embraces all the more 

 desirable, but many of them are at present extremely 

 rare: — 



Lciiccstrria formnsn, a handsome shrub from the 

 Norlii of India, produces its white flowers in August, 

 nnti makes a pretty appearance with its red bracts 

 which siirrouiKl the llowers, and large leaves. It is 

 particularly vnlui:blc in exposed situations near the sea 

 where the bracts and lenvea a-sume a deeper color. 



Pawloicn'ui iinperiitlh^ a low tree from Japan, in 

 appearance very like Catalpa syringae.'blin, has beauti- 

 ful lilac-culorcd flowers. 



Corniis viiicrophylta and [C] grandis, handsome 

 shrubs, growing from 10 to 12 feet high — the former 

 from the nortti of India, and the latter from Mexico. 



CariigaiKi. Gcrarilhnia, a haiidsonie lowshrub with 

 jellow flowers from the north of India. 



Cij'.isiis Wrldaui, a shrub from Dalmatia, produ- 

 cing spikes of yellow blossoms, like a Laburnum, but 

 the spikes have an aaecnding direction instead of be- 

 ing pendent. 



Spirica [Jnifletjana, a fine species from the North 

 of India, nearly related to the well known S. eorbifo- 



lia. S. aincifolia, IS.'] Inziflora, [S ] Taccinifolia, 

 and [S. ] rotunUifulia, are also from the North of In- 

 dia, and liirm pretty low shrubs S. Jissa from MexU 

 CO, is a handeume shrub, growing from 15 to 20 feet 

 high. 



Loniccra Ledihourii, a curious plant from Califor- 

 nia, remarkable fur its bright blue berries. 



The genus P/tiluilLl/jltas has had several accessions 

 from the north of India and INIesico. P. Gurdonin- 

 nusixQui Northwest America, is one of the finest spe- 

 cies,bearing its while flowers in great profusion in Ju- 

 ly, and forming a bush from H to 10 feet high. P. 

 7ncxi<-u7n;s from Mexico, [P.^triJIurus ani [P.] to- 

 vinitosiis from the North of India, arc also desirahlo 

 plants well adapted for theshrubuery. 



Dcutzut cori/inbosa, from the Himalayas, produces 

 white flowers in June. 



Bcrhcris coriariii is a handsome species from the 

 north of India, with fine evergreen leaves nnd yellow 

 flowers. 



Coriurin iicpalerisis is a fine plant for a wall. 



Hilies Slenzicsii with scarlet flowers from North- 

 west America, and [/{.] glaciate with white flowers 

 Irom the North of India, deserve a place in every col- 

 lection of plants. 



Araliajfij'uvica, a curious shrub from Japan, grow- 

 ing from 12 to 20 feet high. 



Betula Filiojputtrit, a very handsome large tree from 

 the Himalayas, nearly related to the common birch. 



Amygdalus incaiut, a Caucasian species, is extreme- 

 ly ornamental in Apiil, when covered with its bright 

 pink flowers; and in the summer, its light green leaves, 

 covered with white down on the underside, make a 

 good contrast when planted among evergreens. A. 

 Pallasii frcm Russia, is also a pretty low shrub. 



Clematis Hcndcrsonu, a gai den variety [a hybrid ?] 

 is perhaps the handsomest of the genus, producing a 

 profusion of large purple flowers from June to Sep- 

 tember. It is adajited to covering a bower or trellis- 

 work, and if trained umbrella fashion on a lawn, would 

 form a most beautiful object. 



Atriigciic macropetala, a Siberian creeper is by no 

 means unworthy of a place on a wall. 



Acer colclikum and [.4.] Lohelli, the former a na- 

 tive of Colchis and the latter of Italy, form handsomi 

 low trees. A. Lobelii is reniaikable for the fine pur- 

 ple bloom which covers its young shoots. 



Decayed Turnips. 



Seeing many inquiries as to the cause of therottin; 

 of a turnip crop, without the least appearance of ihi 

 disease externally, and having had much experienci 

 in the raieing root-crops of various kinds, I woidt 

 say, the evil arises from a wet and retentive subsoil 

 Four years ago 1 sowed a trcsh broken up piece o 

 land with ruta baga; it had been in wood, and thi- 

 was the first cultivated crop that had been raised upoi 

 it. The plants came well, and flourished for a season 

 when some of them began to turn blue, and they weri 

 then soon full of the animal, called familial ly th< 

 plant louse; others, however, retained their health; 

 appearance, while their internal parts were one mas 

 cit corruption; audit was curious to observe, on put 

 ting one's foot on a large healthy looking turnip, am 

 full of foliage, how suddenly the whole superstructun 

 would crush down into complete rottenness, the shcl 

 ni't being more than half an inch in thickness. Ol 

 examining the tap roots of many of them, they wen 

 :uiind rotten, although the disease had not extended 

 in some cases, to within several inches of the bulb 

 while the effluvia which arose from many, even ofihi 

 comparatively sound looking roots, was convincin, 

 proof ol' inei|>ient decay. IVJfcny of the roots, to np 

 pcaranee perfectly sound, were packed away for win 

 tor provender, but I believe I may say, that no oneo 

 them proved in reality so, and no catile would loud 

 them. 



The winter following revealed the trnth, for, on ex 

 aniining the land, it was found to be full of stagnan 

 water to within a few inches of the surface; sinci 

 then it has been drained and well cultivated, and 

 have no idea that the crop of turnips which I intent 

 10 grow upon it the piesent season, will decay on thi 

 land. Should they, however, deceive me, I will lei 

 the truth, and iniorm you of the result, "right 0. 

 wrong."— far. Ca4. J. STURGES. 



From the lietc England Farmer, 

 Decayed Turnips. 



I observed in the last number of the Farmer, an ar 

 tide from the Farmers' Cabinet, in which it is statei 

 that this disL-ase is the ronsequence ol a wet or too re 

 tentive subsoil. That a soil of this description is no 

 suitable to the cultivation of turnips, is generally ad 

 mined; but how does Mr. John Stnrges at^countfo 



