so 



Titfc: NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



Vol. 



Answeisto Isiqiiiries. 



Our carrespon Icnl oi Augusia (111.) U repectfully 

 informed thni wc have not roum in uur eolniniis for th. 

 nrtiflo on fluvera thai he vviBliej lo be repuhliehed: 

 but if ho will examine our first rul.me, he will (ijid 

 the propDicdaliernaiive in BDiiie measure, niuieijmti'J. 



Jliny varieties of the pear, apple, &,■. are much fi 

 ner in some parte of our wide spreading country ihnn 

 in other parti. For ins'.ance: the most popular pear 

 in thid district id the Virgalieu. The fr-it is delicious; 

 nnd the tree is hardy, ihrii'ty, and productive; but it is 

 thrnvn out as worthless in some parts of Missochu 

 setts. Every nurseryman ought to aseertaio what 

 fruits arc best adapted lo bis |>eculiar climate ajid situ- 

 ation; and if he djes this ctieneively, taking bis sci- 

 ons only from hearing trees in his own district, every 

 thing that our correspondent wishes on this point, 

 would be accomplished. 



It would be a great labor to give a list of our applee. 

 For winter fruit, ibc Sivaar and Spitzenburgh area 

 miiigtlie best; but to have them fine, it is necessary 

 that the trees he well pruned. As the branches become 

 crowded, the fruit lessens in si:e and \nflicor. Tue 

 Ii>x!niry R isset is chiefly valued for its long keeping; 

 bu:s);ne u;w kinJj, much liner in quality, are snid to 

 ke"p equally well; and of these, some account may 

 be given hereafter in our c ilnmi>s. t 



Thorn Hedges. 



Mt.ssBS. Editors — I wish through the columns of 

 your paper to inquire the be^t method f.ir making liv( 

 fctici (b dge.) List spring I took up what smnll thorn 

 bu-bej I could finl. and set them out about six inchct- 

 aoirt. Nearly all grew, nnct i should think they 

 would milio a g>)')d fence if they coiiM be obtained in 

 8u(H;ient quantities. In the f^ll of 13:3!), I gathered a 

 quantity of thorn apples, mi.ied them with earth, and 

 let them fre ze. In the spring, I planted them, bui 

 n ine have come up I wish to know in what way 

 they may be made to grow 7 an I if common thorn is 

 as good as the Rng'ish ] nnd where English seed can 

 be obtaini'd 1 In shirt, I wish to find out the best 

 way to commence and raise a live fence ? 



L. II. BRANCH. 



York, O'lio, M.iTch, 1841. 



liitnirks. — In Ciyuga county we have seen the 

 Kngliih thorn ( Cmtd'rus oxycanth'i ) in two places, 

 six or ciglit miles apart, nnd in both it was suflering 

 from fiif, btisht. In Ontario county also, a eorres- 

 pmdentof the (CM) G^'nesee Farmer says, "where 

 the English thorn was tried, that part of the hedge 

 which was clipped [as all hedges ought to be] was 

 mostly destroyed by a small snow white insect, with 

 wliich it was in many place-' literally covered." On 

 •he contrary in Niagara county, we have seen I-.edge^ 

 of the English thorn that appeared to lie healthy; hut 

 we should be unwilling to employ much labor or ex- 

 pense on this exotic. Many years ago, in the town o( 

 East ll.imptonon Long Island, nearly two hundred 

 miles of -.his kind of hedge had l)een planted; but it all 

 d ed. Writi-rs in that vicinity, ascribed ibcir loss to a 

 Hy that drposued its eggs throuL;h the bark, and to a 

 worm that preyed upon the twigs. 



In the southeastern parts of Pennsylvania, we have 

 seen many miles of hedges made of the Washingl'on 

 or Potowmac thorn (Cratxgus cnrilaln.) The seeds 

 appear to grow as freely as those of the pear or apple. 

 A h.ix containing a pnrecl of them for us, had been de- 

 tained over winter on the canal; nnd when it arrived in 

 the spring, dozens of the roots lind penetrated the cloth 

 that coniained them, sticking through it on every side 

 like the s;iiuc9 of a hed^e hug. 



This thorn however, though so easily pro]m.|Tated, 

 ic subject to a malady that greatly impairs its beauty, 

 &>,i hereafter may prove ruinous, In partieular 



neighborhoods the leaves become spotted wiih yellow. 

 VVc have not understood that any of the hedges have 

 yet perished from this cause; but wc bad a crab tree 

 ( I'ljrua coronar'ui) which died last season, after suf- 

 fering several years with spotted leaves of the some 

 kind. 



While hedges of ibe Washington thorn were discol- 

 ored in ibis manner, we have seen hedges of the New 

 Castle thorn (Cratitgiis crus-gnlli) on the same farm 

 and closely adj lining, in perfect health and greennes". 

 N.) dangerous ineect is known to otiaek it ; and 

 farmers who have ulnnted milts of thorn hedge, deci- 

 dedly prefer it to all other sons. 



The seeds however, are much more difncnit to 

 gerininaie. We have seen them treated in the follow- 

 ing manner; sud we have understood with uniform 

 success. A small trench was cut on the north side oi 

 a building, directly under the enves. Into this, the 

 haws mixed with sand, were deposited in autumn; and 

 'IS they received in this shaded place, the droppings o 

 every shower, they were kept always moist thnugh 

 two winters and one summer. After softening in this 

 manner for eighteen months, they were removed to the 

 seed bed. 



Many oiber shrubs have been recommended for 

 h"dges, such as the Red Cedar, Osage Orange. &c. 

 With E. Hersey Derby of Massachusetts, both the 

 Englls'i thorn and the Honey Locust were entire fai- 

 lures; but with the Sea Buck thorn ( Rhamnus riithar 

 tints) he was completely suecestful. A part of the 

 Buck thorn however, like the Honey Locust and Crti- 

 tag IIS punctata, have no thorns n^^ them. We raised 

 hundreds, and never saw a thorn on one of the kind: 

 liut we have lately procured seed which may do 

 better. f 



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IliSliPriccsindiiccd by H-sh Tariff on Imports 

 cannot maki- the rountiy rich, or pay its for- 

 eign debt— Protection uecessaiytoSilk Cul- 

 ture. 



MtssRs. Eu'TORS — A correspondent of the New 

 Geneste Farmer takes exceptions to my text, " that 

 liw prices are more favorable to a nation's wealth than 

 high prices." 



Him who takes this text in conncctioH with the illus- 

 trations of the cinitext, will find that, like a " plant of 

 bitter growth, it bears on its head a sweet fruit." 



It has always been the case in England, that when 

 '.he piices of agricultural productions are low, capital 

 s cheap, her manufaeiiiring industry rcecives a new 

 impetus; competition reduces prices of manufacture ai 

 home, by inducing greater economy and renewed im- 

 provements and division of lobor in every deparimcn! 

 of industry; her export trade is increased to an unpar. 

 allelcd e.ijtent, and she becomes now, more than ever, 

 the creditor nation of the world. On the other hand, 

 when agricultural productions are high in England. 

 ;he most feverish state of things exists; the banks cur- 

 tail their issues, that they may not be ruined by a de- 

 mand for coin to send to the continent to buy corn: 

 manufacturing industry is psralized or cmbarasfed 

 and the screws are immediately put ujion the debtors 

 of England in the United States. 



What but t'e high prices of J835 and '6, has caused 

 the general l>ankru|iicy of our cotton growing States? 

 It is certainly not the low prices since Idliti, for they 

 are no lower than they were on the average for eigh. 

 years previous to 183.'). The ri.-e in cotton in 1834, 

 from KH to 13 cis , and then in 18.3;"), to ICi cis , 

 turned every henil; the United States Bank endorsed 

 the inavia, and furnished the facilities to accelerate 

 the common ruin. 



The hiffh prices of cotton, our great agricultural 

 staple, in 1835 nnd '6, was the great stimulntint! 

 cause of all the bank inflations, and consequent epeeu 

 lation nnd high priree throughout the whole union at 



'iint time. New Englsud got great prices for hi 

 manufactures at the Smit'i and South West. Ne' 

 York felt herself rich v\'hen she sa" upon her ledg' 

 such vast amounis due from the South. Englund, i 

 1837, wanted our flour at .$8 per barrel i-j Ncv> Yorl ^ 

 but our commii!i-ion bouses said, if we hold on, Ne' 

 England will give us .$^10. — Instrnd of (iporting, w 

 imported gtain from Europe. The same with manv 

 ibctured articles. In 18.36 we imported 5i6O,O0U,CO( ''■ 

 while we exported next to nothing, owing to the big |,,|l 

 prices at home. 



We now have the sad spectacle of a country grovt lilj' 

 ing poor in the mid^t ol high prices. How has it hee ""* 

 with the year of low prices, 1840 ? An unusual ex [|Ki 

 port trade — our exports exceeding our imports $27; 

 1)00,001) — an expoi i of monufaetnrcd articles treble th 

 amount of any former year. 



Our exjiort of flour, and pork, and Indiaireorn, ba 

 also been imusually large the past yiar: it has don 

 much towards paying our foreign debt. But had th 

 price ol flour been only one dollar per barrel higher 

 It must have been consumed at home, ne bread stufl Jid 

 Irom the ports of the Baltic and the Black Sea, wouli 

 have su|iplicd the hungry parts of the earth at lowe 

 prices 



Your correspondent says that by a proleclire taril 

 we may S'lon extend our manufacturing iuteiesis, S' 

 as to create a home market for the " great part of th 

 cotton grown in ourcountry." I would then ask bin 

 how we are to pay our great foreign debt of $2M. 

 0:10.000 ? — and besides, the most radical high taril 

 advocate does not claim any furtiier protection for »>u 

 cotton manufactures from foreign competition, thai 

 they now have. Orr Western tanners seem to iindet 

 stand the great importince of coiton to the Union. I 

 not only pays the foreign debts of the S luth, but ihi 

 Nonhnud We-itclso Cotton alone makes up in valu 

 four-fifths of our agricultural exports. I would thei 

 ask what would be the state of the nation wi;hout thi 

 g e It sta;ile, as nn article of exjiort, and an element 

 our foreign traJe! 



Your (xirrespondent says, that in protecting ou 

 maiuif.icturing industrv, "oid is not so much needcc 

 Irom our Stale Legiclature as from Congress." It 

 relation 10 the ctilture and mnnnfnttnre of sillt, 

 would invoke aid from both. The State shouldgraR' 

 n bounty, and ("ongress should p.ny an impost en thi 

 "oreign article, os high as the spirit of the Compro- 

 mise Act will permit. S Ik is by fur the greatest iteir 

 in the accoun-t of our foreign importations. It ha> 

 lieen computed that the omount o{ foreign silks con. 

 sumed in the State of New York alone, for the Inst iC 

 years, w.ll exceed .«i50,000,0t)0 — an amount grenlei 

 than the cost of all our canals and other public im- 

 provements. 



But too much proteetioB, tike high prices,onIy bringt 

 about tljose evils they nre intended to cure Mr. Clay 

 was once a radical on the subject of a protective laiiff- 

 but he is a man of too much genius not to profit by 

 the lessons cf experience. lie olso found that a tarl 

 tor revenue nnd protection was often inconsistent with 

 itself; hence his Compromise Bill is intended to he I 

 bill for revenue only. We ho|ie it now may be so re^ 

 vised and amended, as lo serve the ends of protection to 

 such of our manufacturing brnnclics of iidnstry as 

 most need it, without infringing its character as a hill 

 for revenue only. g. W_ 



TKu/it/oo, Jl/oylO, 1841. 



Important Discorery. — A Jamaica paper says, thot 

 an ingeni us physici.m and naturalist in this island, 

 has discovered the practicabiliiy of using mosquitoes 

 as a substitute for the leech, fil'iy of the large speckled 

 kind being found equivalent toonclopch; of the smol- 

 ler breed, Irom ei.viy-five to seventy being required — 

 The greater irritation produced by the new applicalioa 

 ha& als') been found ad vsntagootis. 



