Vo. «J. 



AND (GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



in 



Native Fruits. 



Tbe last number of tUe Maijnzine of Horliculture 

 '"^i wntains Professor RussclU' Addri'BS before ibe Miil- 

 lleeex Horticultural Sjciety, from whicb we make 

 ihe foil )wing exiract: t 



"Tbe venernhle relic of the far famed Cbclmaford 

 pear is yet ex:8tent on one of tbe oldest farnie in that 

 ;o>vn. It is a mtnrnl fruit, of ex-elleni mnrkct qunli 

 tie?, and ku'twnns tbe Cuelmsford, Tvuiisboro' nnti 

 Mo^ul Summer. A mere tbin slicll of tbe once ex- 

 traordinary trunk, yet bears a (cw ecrSiiijy hrnnchf a 

 And Iroai itsro its are four strong suckera, all ftf wliich 

 »re ideniical in fruit W'th the trunk. Belore ibe great 

 gale of September 1815 [?] it was a very large tree: 

 but being injured by that t 'rnado, it rapid y declined 

 to its oropcnt condition. Tbe stem however, bears 

 an occasional crop, but vvas entirely bnrren the lust 

 season. Mr. ATnnuing, the great nomologist, of S'l- 

 lem, remarks ibni it is a tie.ir of the largest e ze. and 

 CKlremely productive. For many years be searched 

 in vain for its origin, spnring no exjjcnse in importing 

 iM pears from the French nurseries to identifv it. lu- 

 ,.I quiry on my part enabled me to cuifcr o trifling favor 

 1 on my friend, and to establish the claims of old Chelms- 

 *! ford to a fine n.itive fruit. 



*' The history of trie valuable Baldwin apple is fa- 

 miliar to you, bear ng in its cognomen a faoiily name 

 yet ex stent m our midst. A fine early apple has ol'tcn 

 been exliihited on your tables, originating also in 

 Chelmsford, and known as the Spalding. Tbe addi- 

 tion of these three na'ural fruits in our vicinity, to po- 

 mology, is suffic'Cnt to encourage a research into natu- 

 ral varieties, which ore as yet but little known. It 

 should he our endeavor to find these out, and no pains 

 ehou'd be spared in the attempt. • » " Our own 

 eonnirv is the region and natural location of tbe finest 

 fruits." 



For the iVcif Genesee Farmer, 



The Importance and T^tilityofthe Dis<!einina- 

 tion of Knowledge antoiji; Farmers. 



Me5sks»- Euitors — Tbe influence of a publication 

 like your-', devoted to egricuUural interests, should be 

 directed towards tbe«imprnveinent of the minds of 

 farmers as well as the introduction of improvements 

 in t' e science of farming. Your columns have alrea- 

 dy furnished evidence that you are aware of this; and 

 therefore my object is not to urge upon yon any new- 

 duty, but to suggest a few reflections on the impor- 

 tance and infliien<^ of tbe dlsseminalion of iatellectual 

 knowledge among farmers. 



It vvonid be a useless waste of words to enter into 

 ony argument to show that among this class of our 

 fellow citizens there is no want of intellectual capaci- 

 ty. And if among those who nrJ engaged in other 

 pursuits, there fire any who arrogate to luemeclvGS n 

 superior order of talents, they betroyan ignorance un- 

 worthy of a man of common sense. The occupation 

 of a farmer, it is true, will i5ot furnii^h an opportuni- 

 ty for a settseless display of fufibiou: nor will his ro- 

 bust firm and hardy countenance, give him the exqui- 

 site appearance of the straight laced and pale faced 

 dandy. Yet, unadorned by the trappings of art, be is 

 ctill one of nature's noblemeu; and his intellect, when 

 culticatcd, will display an mlarged aud useful capaci- 

 ty, not alone fitted to the occupation in whith he is 

 engaged, but to any station to which he may be called 

 through the o}>crat!ons of liberal institutions. And 

 whenever the cultivated cnpocity of a former has been 

 called forth to display itself, either as a legislator, or 

 in the performaiK;e of any other puiilic duty, it has by 

 no means suflered from a comparison with those o) 

 much higlier pretensions. It is not to be denied that 

 there bos been a lamentable apathy manifested by the 

 great body of igriculturists in this eounliy, for tbe ac- 

 quirement of intellectual knowledge, which ia the on- 

 ly thing that can de\-elop the reeonrees of tbe mind; 

 and perhaps among no other (dass has there been such 

 apparent neglect of books, «r as little disposition to 

 encourage the useful publications of tbe day. But 

 while we admit ttat they have neglected their own 

 i Bteresls in this respect, it will not fallow that tbey 



have not the mental ability. It has heretofore been a 

 too common error among farmers to suppose that it 

 woulo be great sncritice of time which ought to be de- 

 voted to their bus ness, to appropriate any portion to 

 reading. And even now it is not uncomuuin, to hear 

 " want of lime" urged as an excuse for neglecting to 

 nourish the immortal mind from that fountain of 

 knowledge, which is accessible to thoEe of restricted 

 means as "eil as to thote of greater competency 

 Tliis mistaken uotiint however, is daily becoming less 

 prevalent; and ( believe there need be no hesitation in 

 saying, that the circulation of agricultural papers has 

 done more than any thing else to accomplish a refor- 

 mation 8t» desirable. B.'sides these however, theie 

 are numerous other valuable means afforded for im- 

 proving the mind. The am unt of knowledge which 

 may oe gathered from these various sources would, 

 when compared with the amount of dollars and cenif 

 which it costs to obtain it, be like a comparison of the 

 magnitudcof the most lofty mountain to that of a mole 

 hill. If any one thinks his means are too restritced to at 

 ford the expense of a weekly newspaper, or the st.ll 

 less amount charged for agricultural papers, let him 

 reflect for a moment, ,md be will discover that tbe 

 means for such purposes are at the control of every 

 one. It only costs the labor of a day, at forthtst a 

 week, to lay up a store for the mind upon which it may 

 feast for a year. Neither the lack of means nor the 

 want of lime, can be considered a valid excuse tosticli 

 as properly consider the subject What farmer is 

 there that can say he has not tbe time to give one pa- 

 per at least, a thorough perusal, and only appropriate 

 to it one-fourth of his leisure ? 



Happily for us in this country, labor aflTords the 

 means of obtaining whatever may be necessary for ihe 

 comfort of the body, and at the some time may alto 

 provide lor the necessary endowments of the mind. 

 And if incentives be wonted beyond the comfort and 

 happiness whicb an individual will pcctire to himsell, 

 onr institutions have not foiled to molie the most am- 

 ple provisions. 



Perhaps. Jiessrs. Kditors, I have cxtencd these re- 

 marks too fur, inaEinueh as they are only intended as 

 ail introduction to what I propose to submit to you on 

 this subject herecfier, whin time and opportunity pei- 

 mit, provided my remarks shall be deemed worthy on 

 insertion in your valuable paper, 



Yuui s, &c. , C. P. T. 



Balaiia, Mat/, 1841. 



ry thing;" and if yoti undertake to thrive by kiep.ng 

 laborers on a thortidlowance. by working them rntx- 



sivc minibcr of hoiiis, by dint oi scohling nnd hit- 

 I n: , by any seeiet O' tiliees, they will read jour bean's 

 rccitt purposes, and will find ways rnd means to 

 ihv\art y n in the iicconiplit-htnent of your de^ijiUs. 

 Imprutience and injiist.ce on the part ol enipUijers, 

 oeate in part the untrustworthtnesH complained of in 

 the employed. 



We may preach next to the employed — ihc hired. 

 — \. E. Faimir. 



Treatment of Hired Men. 



Entreat not cril ihc ItireVmg that bcstowetli himself 

 wlioibj/or thee. — Ecci.EsiAsTictJS, 



At t thou a man employing others Co till th.y grounds ? 

 Tiieii rememl^r that thou hast a Master who com- 

 mands the'.' not to over-tat>k or to abuse ibeni. They 

 are free men — tl'e rigbs of free men sretlieirs. O.'eii 

 tliey are your eipials in iulelligjinee, character and res- 

 pecii.biliiy. Both duty aitd interest require you to re- 

 gard ibeir rights. They may demand, at reosonobl 

 iime^, as much palatable and wholsome fiiod as is 

 needed to preserve unimpaiiLd their hcalib and 

 slrengih. They may dem%id as many hours for rest 

 nnd sleep as tbe human constitution ordinarily re- 

 quires. They may demand comfortable beds, in rooms 

 not unhenhhy. They may refuse such cstcessive el 

 torts or great e.tpostircs as would prematurely break 

 down the eonstitutioti. They may claiiu kindness and 

 civility in nil vonr language towards ibcm. and in oil 

 your ireniment ol them. It is no part of their con- 

 tract thfit they should listen to oaths and curses, should 

 such things pass your lips. It is no part of the con 

 tract that tliey shall bear such mental suflering, as un- 

 reasonable reproaches, unprovoked iault-findings. or 

 ungoverned passions on your part, may produce. Un- 

 til they forfeit it by misconduct, thi y may elaici your 

 confidence that they will be faithful to you and to your 

 interests. When lound unfaithful, let itn fault bo sta- 

 ted, and a lull mutual understanding be olvtained. But 

 It is bad, very bad for both employer and employed to 

 be suspicious of each other. Mutual confidence is for the 

 comfort ond good of botb " F.very body knows eve- 



Fromlhe (yashtiiU, Tenn.) Atiricutluriit. 

 Is the Tariff a Political Question t 



There is nit a more ignorant and vulgar notion in 

 society, than that which deilorcs pniiyii^m to claim pro- 

 tection in ihv sales of our own products, ('an jiny one 

 tell \\ hat party it was ihtit lay to heavy a duty upon for- 

 eign cotton goods, twenty five years ago, as to enable 

 Americans to make better fabr cs at one-foiirib the 

 value ol ibote imported 1 Can any ore tell what par- 

 ly it \^8 tliai iii.xed foieigtt books, iron, sugar, salt, 

 Ac? Oji, says the pseiido politiei ns, nil i«ii tics con- 

 tributed to these matters, lor It at was right. Very 

 good: but if both the north nnd the eoiiih enjoy the 

 iienefits ol', and stremionsly advocate measures to pro- 

 mote ibeir respective interests, does it not show that 

 l>iotcction is the wish of every American citizen? 

 The question of parly originates then, not from the 

 thing itself, but from the manner of administering it. 

 The north will nevi r consent to a tariff' which seciiisio 

 favor the south, nnd tbe sou h will not agree to n sys- 

 tem ihot will fnvor innnufaeimes more tlinn planters. 

 But 06 every man is for promoting a system of protec- 

 tion that Will favor h. sown interests, slo idd it not be 

 the study of all to nx such articles as would be the in- 

 terest of every section of the diuntry to do so ? It 

 does not seem that partiznus I ove become so sensitive 

 and leniful of shitd' wp,thatfeaif I they will do wrong, 

 ibi y do nothing. Suppose the English moke cotton 

 to t,upply her own factoru s, ami then br.ng a little for 

 sale at a low rate to our own fiictories. 'J'he Southern 

 will come fnrwnrri and advocati- a cotton tniitf, l)ui act- 

 ing under tbe Lrjt'ititms. he shoidd bn\e no lavois. 

 However, we think it would be light, ev* n in this 

 event, and it is a very pr^ liable on'-, to protect rur 

 own citizens. Tbe old iiiox m, that "charily begins 

 at honie," is pretty neatly nlwnts '-orreci. -4t present 

 it isdoubtles- the interesi oi every ' iizi n of tbe Unilid 

 Stiiies to buy less foreign s Ik.nni! raoe more at b'mie. 

 I he best menus eif nliecling these ends, -n our jiidp- 

 ine.it, 18 to lay a heavy lax on loreign silks, nnd give 

 premiums to otirc tizr-n- topreiduce he lb ti e row ni;- 

 terial nnd manufactured artcles. S -me one niny aek, 

 if we cnn protluc- bdk^ equal to others, anel ns cbenp. 

 why do we need protection t There nre but few. :8 

 yet, a -quoinied with the busines.-', and a certainty of 

 getiing someihiug, if it is a small price, will be suie 

 to indtce many to embnik in the bu-iiies=. Another 

 reason is, befire we become well ncqiininici! with tbe 

 leedmg of worms, and man factuie weainb'es. for 

 W.'Uit of knowledge, we may expect to nieei with ur- 

 fiitseen difHcullies and sustain teveie li'ft< s; ouel hero 

 our country's enceairagemeni w-ould ca se the d sa]"- 

 pointed a«d di-piiited to iry it again, nnd continue tf- 

 feut after tffijrt, till abundant sncccts ctiuld be seen. 



There isafiertain training, or time of pupilage, et 

 scntinl to the success ol any thing ibnt is new, nnd th* 

 most wnlclilul iraoy expect to meet difficidiies. Ther^ 

 is but liUlc doi&t sslk cnn beprodueed in ihls eonniiy, 

 twenty years hence, .st less tbaii one bnlf what it ear 

 be new. We well recollect in our boyith days, baf ■ 

 ing to set up, on a "nading suml," at the late boms 

 of night, '• picking eounji".— lb s consisted in pulbng 

 the fibres from tbi- seed w-ilb tiie fingers, nnd ifa man 

 :ioi enough in a week of nights to make himself n sbitt. 

 be ditl very well; but see now vvhfli improvement his 

 done I Instead of half pounds, we count bales. And 

 n better article cnn cow be pr-idnced at less •ban a 

 fiurih what it could twenty-five yeme ago. Shnl »e 

 not aiiticipnle similar results for silk ? lioseee riy 

 be nntictprfited ci first, but imijroveiTients in coie .rr* 

 chiuery, &c. will produt^e wondeiful ehangcc 

 statesmen then beceime sensible, anel the jieople .. 

 gain encugh of patriotic sense, to make ibeir servants 

 smile upon their labois. When the peonb; come ti 

 understand their own interest, they will n.-K nddiesa 

 ibeir members of Congress, or State Lcgislntiires, ns 

 bumble petitioners, but ns sovereign lorels of ilic 'nneij 

 whose commnnds must be obeyed, at the bnzznrd o. 

 being r.e^lled. When the great moss get ripe uir oc- 

 tion, legislation will be favorable, not before. I^et 

 none be ashamed or afraid to talk of this mntier, snd 

 leach it to both young and old, nnd tbe intelligence sf 

 tbe people will soon establish the tik culture 



