.0. 



9. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



131 



r be noted, ond there reranina ng grown in the State 

 New York, 4,72S),'l(i3 biisbela; givini; to Ohio (in 

 ;port Irnde ofwhent over Wesfrii New York of 

 ore thnn 2^ riiilliiins of hunhele, or noiirly 50 per 

 :nt. If any llonr has been sent Irom Roeheetcr to 

 annda, this r. fliilt will lie so fnr aifected, but we np- 

 ^ehend little if nny hns been sent. 

 There entered at BafTulo and Black Roek perstnle- 

 ent of Custom IIouuC at liulfnlo, 1,582,888 biish- 

 aof wheat, and cicnred from Buffalo, per Cniml 

 oUcctor's etatenicnt (i89,(ilt5 barrels of flour. The 

 •neuinption ofBuflalo and vicinity of western flour 

 several thousand borreln more; bcaides small eup- 

 iea sold to ports between Ohio and Butfalo. 

 There entered the WeKand Canal 209,01G btrrcis 

 flour, and l,8'.i3,7G5 bu.^UcIs ot wheat, which ad- 

 d to the figured at Buffalo ami B!ack Rock, makes 

 e entire export Irom Lake Erie 7,Si)n,908 bushel.i, 

 the growth of the Wcotcrn Stales — a surplus wc 

 prehend not illy co;iiporing, the relaiive extent of 

 lageand population being also enusidered, with that 

 jich was garnered by Joseph for Pharjuh, in years 

 ]en Egypt yielded even mere than her tisualiy abun- 

 nt hervosta. We observe here, that in one comity 

 rdering on Lake M.ehiiJian, the harvest of wheat 

 t summer was di:ni jidhed by blight from what \N'as 

 pected aa calculated by « comuiittee, of 5uO,0(JO 

 shels. Thi5 quantity, 80 large, has not been brought 

 I by high prices, for the very opposite has ruled. 

 Of the quantity paasing the Wellond canal there 

 ■ived at Odv.'cgo 707,157 bushels of wheat, and 

 165 barrels of tlour: and of this 83,839 bushels of 

 teat, 110,300 barrels of fl.nir were shipped east on 

 ; canal from Oswego, and 35,579 barrels of flour to 

 inada. 

 le quantity es before slated by Governor 



Seward 10,420,870 



iduct shipmeutji from Bafialo and Os- 

 wego, 4,691,402 





own ill New York as before, 4,729,480 



ippcd from Cleveland as before noted,. 4,755.950 

 The average annual export of wheat and flour from 

 1 whole United States for an indefinite period past 

 3 not equalled that of Cleveland the past season. 

 ^xt to New York, Baltimore has tho largest flour 

 de on the sea board: but the inspections there ncv- 

 reachcd 000,000 barrels till the past season by the 

 •ersion which the tide woter canal has efTccted, the 

 pectinns exceeded 700,000 barrels, or my 4,000,000 

 shels of wheal. New Yjrk receives flour from all 

 taofthc west and eoiiih, yet her inspections had 

 irer been so large as the receipt at Cleveland the 

 It season till 1833. Again, if we ca'.imate the re- 

 pts at Ncv Orleans and the quantity sohl on the 

 or above at 500,000 barrels, (he west, besides sup- 

 ing a large emigrant pi.'ubtion furnishes more 

 leat than the rest ol the Union. We may re- 

 rk here that the crop of corn tho past season i.n 

 io, Indiana anl Illinois, cannot be estim.iled much 

 der 100,000,000 bushels. 



t would appear that the quantity of western wheat 

 ! to Canada, including the flour from Oswego and 

 small quantity of wheat to Ogdeiisburgli, was 

 lal to 2,309,413 bushels. 



The Canal Commissioners of New York in their 

 t annnal report s".ate the business of the Welland ki 

 090 tons, whereas the wheat alone exceeds thai 

 onnt; and if tiie iirojuco of the west going ihrough 

 ! Welland had entered at Baffulo it would have 

 elled the whole amount of tolls of the K.-ie Canal 

 upwards of .'j;2.000,Ol)0. Less than ono-ihiid, lu' 

 seen, of r,'e3:ern wheat went to Canada to twenty 

 Foreiit points abive Mont.'cal; and so did eveu this 

 tion fill those ports with on avalanche rush, thai 

 ! farmers, wakinj up to the threatened destruction 

 their intere?it3 as tliey conceived, immediately pc- 

 ioncd the Homo Gu'ernment to lay duties on the 

 portatiou of I'siur and wheat fro.n the Uiiitcd S ate.' 

 .0 the provinces, vinually shutting out tho unwel 

 me flood. We heard also how the accumulation 

 d increased at one point of the transit, (Kingston,) 

 a complete glut, choking up the St. Lawrence, 

 d occupying not only all the facilities of transport 

 ..a line of navigatiui traversed for nearly two cen- 

 ries, but had so taken up all the means of storage 

 it large quantities lay out of doors tor s^ms time, 

 d finally, many vessels awaiting to be discharged 

 rfarmed long quarantine for that purpose. Wo 

 ,,|j n see what eii'eci this has on the ctporte of Monire- 

 and Quebec, and how it tends to augment Briiisk 

 mmcrcc. The quintity exported from these places 

 e past season was 72,725 bushels of wheat, and 

 13,094 barrels of fljur; equal to 1,638,195 bushels, 

 i>f which savnu aoDut 7,000 bushels v,'aB sent to 



Great Britain. But it would seem that Canada has 

 not raised her own liicad; for, deducing 



Kor weslerii money sent her, 2,309,441 



Her eiports above, 1,688,195 



Tho deficiency is, 621 ,248 



But let Ufl ttillow this flour to the ports of Groat 

 Britain, admitted as it is by a very singular and fa- 

 vorably constructed larili' i'or Colonial Commerce. 

 There have be«n for several months shipments ol 

 flour, not to a laige extent it is true, making from 

 New York to England, and if the same amount of 

 exportation of Montreal and Quebec above had been 

 made from New York and the price in England equal 

 to 62s. sterling per quarter, the duties would have 



been, $1,085,358 



But being f'-orn Canada they weio only, . . 220,398 



The diflerence being the bencflt to colo- 

 nial commerce, $604,960 



or about 51 cents per bushel. 



But to return — such is the West; the "garden" 

 and the granary of America, sending her products 

 from the interior of acomiiient in every possible direc- 

 tion, taxed as thty arc by the charges of an inland 

 transportation of 1,000 miles before they can reach the 

 open markets of the world: giving tho stall" ol life to 

 the languishing factories of New England, to Old 

 England, to Canada, and the Cotton and Sugar plant- 

 ations of the South. 

 We have stated the export trade of Lake 



Erie in 1840 at 7,809,903 



The shipments of wheat and flour from 

 Bafl'uio iu 1826, the first year after the 

 Erie Canal was completed — the Wel- 

 land not opened, were "453 tone," or 14,045 

 Such has been the growth of this one item, of tho 

 commerce of Lake Eric in the short sp ae o( fourteen 

 years, since the departure of the first c:inai boat from 

 her waters was announced by the splendid and unriv- 

 alled telegraphic cannonade; marking -an era in the 

 commercial history of America, second only to that of 

 its discovery by Columbus: Such is the past — of the 

 future; imagination returns from the contemplation 

 with fatigued wing and proclaims, " lap Lake Erie" 

 at as many points as you will, and with such di- 

 mensions as you will, the avenues shall all be fill- 

 ed. Here is a commc."Ce suddenly v.'oked into hfe, 

 .;ot diverted from other cheniiele, hut new creulal ; 

 yet more important ihan thdi which for centuries had 

 traversed interior Asia, borne by the slow and weary 

 caravan, halting at the gates of magnificent Palmyra 

 on its way to renow.nod and commercial Tyre and 

 other PhcBnician ports of the IMeditonanean, or that 

 siibsequenily, by another route, (or 1800 years depcs- 

 led its wares in the ampler store houses and mos'e 

 splendid shops of metropolitan Alexandria and Venice; 

 or which at a later period, v/iihout reshipment, re- 

 warded Portuguese enterprise in the success of a Vas- 

 co de Gama. If 



*' WcstwarJ ibe star of empire takes its way," 

 westward too, moves the star of commerce. 



The mind in loidiing nt this great change seeks to 

 find what it ia, that, with such rapidity is transform- 

 ing a vast wilderness into fruitful fields; where man 

 had fi.'-Bt to cut his path into that wilderness, build his 

 cabin, and clear away tho forcat before this stream of 

 eoinnierce could begin to flow. The consiruction ol 

 lake harbors and tho use of steam navigation baveliad 

 a great influcnco in this matter; but towering high 

 'ibovc ail other agencies stands that of the Eric Canal. 

 Tunt was tho key ihat unlocked treasures of ever in- 

 creasing value and ever au^jmented growth. Truly 

 rortunaie among the eons of men was he whoso mind 

 was instrumental in efii-'cting such strides in his coun- 

 try's glorious career. Yet thai individual, who, more 

 than a third o( a century since, grasped the mighty 

 thjught oud gave through the press publicity to the 

 grand design in his '•Oce.rhind roulc nfUhf- Erie C'ltn- 

 aV" has never had the slightest recognition from his 

 own state that receives tho yearly increasing revenue 

 from its tolls. Not lees has the National Treasury 

 overflowed from the srdos of the public do:nain to 

 which tho influence of that canal has so much contri- 

 buted. 



We mingled in the throng that in Isst summer's 

 solstice congregated on the green spot of Maumee's 

 banks, the story of whose defence had impressed it- 

 solf 60 indelibly upon the memory of our boyhood 

 days. Heard we not, mingling with the war blast of 

 the brave, other bugle notes that came from the still 

 gliding canal l>oat on the opposite aide of the river, 



* Sccessftyg, over thp Rlffnaturoot'" Hercules," rcnul:I!;9h- 

 e1 In the ofpcntiiito Dr. Hosack's "Memoirs of De Witt 

 cr.iitoa" in 1*39- 



pursuing "the oven tenor of its way" far on where 

 the battle field of " Tippecanoe" echoes to its thrilling 

 tones— where the Wabash rolls its tide uuvaid Mie- 

 sissippi's flood — tee that boat bearing on its return 

 I the rich harvesls from that celcbiatcd field of song. — 

 That canal is one of the daughters of the Erie canal, 

 with others of a numerous sisterhood, bringing its 

 Iribute lo the muiual imiuovcment. But ere the 

 clash of arms was heard on that field, there had been 

 developed in another qiiarier the project, that laid the 

 foundation of this iioulieni line of commerce which 

 has already encircled this interior spot wiili the arms 

 of its mighty influence, and is fast pervading every 

 port of the illimitable west. 



But however unmindful of his eminent services 

 rendered, the generation to v.hich he belongs may 

 be, postcriiymay dti him jusliee. Indeed the enlarg- 

 ed canal itself and its increasing busincts will be a 

 monument, raised still higher, and the record more 

 indelibly made, of the merits of Jesse Ilawley. It is 

 quite beyond the limits of a closing oiticle to even 

 'iint at the benefits which the Wett has derived fiom 

 his labors. But while we survey with him the vivid 

 panorama of human industry and happiness, which ha 

 was instrumenlol in producing, we would for u mo- 

 ment, point him to that part ol the picture where, on 

 a western prairie, he could see "one field of 20,000 

 acres of wheat" waving its golden head lo the passing 

 breeze; and parting with him who v.-ould not forget, 

 that his hand touched the spring that set in mo- 

 tion a many thousand wheeled mocliinery, growing 

 more complex and extended, the hum of whose 

 noise shall be heard far down the vale of time. — 

 If he is worthy of the gralitude of mankind who 

 makes two blades of grass to grow where but one 

 grew before, what shall be the measure of praise 

 awarded to him, who had such an agency in tho pro- 

 duction of so great harvests as we have considered. 

 A. PEN FIELD. 



On Uraii as a JSaauie. 



g[R — As this is the season for preparing the turnip 

 crops, I am desirous of calling the attention of your 

 readers and tho scientific ogriculnirisis, to the consid- 

 eration of bran (the husk of wheat) as a manure, not 

 only for turnips, but also for wbcnt and grsee, Tito 

 great facility that every farmer has of obtaining it 

 from his neighboring mdler. and its exceeding cheap- 

 ness, (now about £1 10s. per ton,) v^'al■r8nts their 

 trying a geiics of experiments in drilling it with the 

 turnips ond wheat, and putting is oyer their grass 

 lands as a top-dressing; siibstiluling it for bone and 

 other manures, which ore costing two or three times 

 as much aa the bran would. 



ExpcrimenlG hove been tried but not e.xtensively 

 enough to warrant its being said hew much is saved 

 in expence, and what quantities per ac/e ought to be 

 used to render the beat return. 



It is to this point that I v>'ish attention to be directs 

 ed, and as Sir Humphrey Davy in his " Elements of 

 Agricultural Chemistry" v/ritce — "Nothing is more 

 wonting in agriculture ihan experiments in which all 

 the circumstances are minutely and tcientificolly de- 

 tailed" — would tome of your readers assist this object, 

 ond drill a small portion in eoch of their fields of 

 wheat and turnips, with bran in quantities from 3 to 

 6 cwt. per ocre, and report the result in your paper; 

 that is, the quality of the other manure used, the res- 

 pective cost for manuring an acre, the yield, and the 

 quality of the ground experimentalized upon. 



The following extracts from Liebig, would leave, in 

 theory, bran to be at once the cheapest and best man- 

 ure that could bo emi'loycd: 



" Phosphate of magnesia, in combination with am- 

 monia, is on invariable constituent of the seeds in all 

 "•rasses. The bran of flour contains the greatest 

 quantity of it. 



" The perfect dcvelopemcnt of a plant occording ta 

 this view, is depeudaiit on the presence of alkalies or 

 alkaline earths; for when these substances are wholly 

 wanting, its growth will be arrested, ond when they 

 are only deficient, it must be impeded. 



" So likewise none of our corn plants can bear per- 

 fect seeds, that is, seeds yielding flour, without a large 

 supply of phosphate of magnesia and ammonia; sub- 

 stances which they require for their maturity. 



•' It is the grcntest possible mistake to suppose that 

 tho temporary diminution of fertility in a soil is owing 

 to the loss of humus— it is the mere consequence of 

 the exhaustion of the aWWiie." —Mark-lane Express. 



A"-icultiire is the nursery of patriotism and virtue- 

 aided by science mokes a great man. All the energy 

 of the hero and all the science of the philosophe raioy 

 find scope in the cultivslion of One smsi? farm 



