No. 9. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



137 



the other, nnJ coiisequenlly it niusl be firmly secured 

 to prevent its being displaced or tnrncd over. By 

 placing ibe cliain around ilie top of the slump to be 

 extracted, and anchoring the machine to the bottom 

 jf thconf on the other side, the 'brmcr will give way 

 first although it may be larger than the latter. The 

 asual plan is, to commence operating near tho outside 

 jf the lot, and after fastening the machine to a Krm 

 Hump, extract all within reach of the chains, leaving 

 only one good one within reach to which it may ne.\t 

 « fastened in order to extract tlic Pu'ner one. Jf it 

 e desired to extract a stump where'there is no other 

 ma t> wliicii to fasten the machine, a hole must be 

 Jug in the ur«und and a strong post set in it, well 

 iraced to the top on the side towards the machine; 

 ilace the chain around it eloss to the ground, and if 

 he stump is not very strongly rooted it will come out 

 vithout much trouble. 



'I'he manner in which the machine operates must 

 tow appesr obvioas to all. A yoke of o.\en draw on 

 be rops; this turns the druir\ and the small wheel, 

 nd that turns the large wh el and shaft so as to wind 

 p the chain very slowly but with immense power. 

 V single yoke of oxen drawing on the rope gives a 

 ower equ.l to tliirh/-Jice or forti/ yoke on the chain; 

 ) that somstliing must inevitably givo icay. It will 

 sadily be seen that the machine must be well made, 

 nd the chain very strong, especially if large and 

 rmly rooted stumps are to be pulled. 

 This machine was a good deal us:d in this State 10 

 r 13 years ago, but we have not seen or heard 

 inch of it of late. It was called " Pratt's Patent 

 tump Extractor." A Mr. Drake, we believe, was 

 roprietor of the right in this Slate; but whether the 

 Item or the patentee, is aliv* now, we have not been 

 )!e to ascertain. We will endeavor to give informa- 

 on on this point next month. Ono of the machines 

 \ m be seen on the farm of Mr. Whitney near this 

 ' ty, from which the above drawing was taken. If 

 ly persen within a few miles of this place desires to 

 fe it, it ctn d lubiless be hired on reasonable terms. 

 It weighs about l.'JUO iiounds and is hung on wag- 

 Mi wheels e ) as to he conveniently transported. 

 In an old paper handed ns by Mr. Whitney, nn 

 ngineeron the Chemung Canal ce.-tilies that one of 

 ese machines extracted Gi stumps between 2 o'clock 

 idsunJjwn, and on another section 2:i0 were ex- 

 acted in one d.iy. Another certiltcate, signed by 

 ght pe sons, states that they saw this machine with 

 le yoke of oxen, extract 17 white pine stumps of 

 )od size in 52 minutes, without any of the roots bc- 

 ig previously cut: and remove a barn 22 feet eqnare 

 •nlainiug about 2 tons of hay and grain, with only 

 6 power of live men applied to ihe rope. Another 

 ites that a large green pijn tree, moasuring 12 feet 

 circumference and 150 feet in height was drawn 

 »wn by this machine, the chain being a i;ilied 22 feet 

 )ai the ground. Tjc depth of soil broken up by the 

 >U of the t c J v.'as between five and sU feet, and the 

 irffice 22 by '.',') iVet. 



Auiiiiiiiinl Pianllns:. 



A friend hns rciuested ua to caution our realtors 



»ain3t planting out trees in the fall ol the year in 



03C clays. Witcn the hole is dug, it holds icaUr 



u a tub — :he trco is put in and there amongst loose 



ilU it has to .soai till spring. Hardy indeed, must 



the one that can bear it. In our last volun e, page 



8, we mentioned a remarkable ciso of this kiii'', 



itb the complete succces that followed undtr- Iraii - 



g; and we can now state another: L''5t fnll, tl c 



eaent Corresponding Secretary of the Cayuga Conn 



Agricultu:'al Society planted shade trees in front 



Uis now mansion in Auburn, part in a sandy loam 



id part in a heavy clay. All tho la'.tcr died, and all 



c former lived. 



A ircnch fullicienily deep may be made with the 

 plough, by turning out the caith t'roni ihc same line 

 several tin.cj in succession. When the butttm of 

 the furrow is made smooth, straw, ccrn-stalks, pota- 

 to tops, chips, brush or old rails, may be laid in, the 



trees planted, and the earth returned to its place. 

 With a proper dcf?c«tit, all llie soaklngs of the ground 

 will pass off, and the trees will be fully eslablithcd 

 in the soil before Ibofe aub&iantes decoy; but even 

 then, there will be a Eeam through which the water 

 can percohiLe. t 



T21E .«5!riSTEXI>EI> BEE-HIVE. 



We some time since acknowledged the receipt of a litile woik cmitled, " Bee Breeding in the West,' by 

 Thomas AlHeck, Editor of the Western Farmer & Gardener; and hiving given it a careful examination W8 

 find it so interesting and instructive that we make some extracts from it. The main points at which the au- 

 thor aims, are, Ist, Preventing the deproda'.ions of the moth or worm, and, 2d, Obtaining tho surplus honey 

 without destroying the bees. The^c advantages he contends can best be secured by the U6e of the SuLUiidcd 

 Dee-Hire; and his arguments are the more convincing from the eircimstance that his ehj.ict is not to favor 

 any patent ri<rht, or maker of bee-hives; for the invention hs describes is not patented, and ke gives directions 

 by v\hich any common joiner can cons'iuct the hives. He points out several objections to the difi'erent "im- 

 proved hives" now in use; the principal one of which is, that they compel the bees to work vpiourds, wh;la 

 their natural habits ahvays lead them t'> work doicnioiirds. This point he requires should be kept constantly 

 in mind, and contends tba t no apiarian csn long prove successful who practically disregards it: as by repeat- 

 edly robbing the bees of the new comb and compelling them to breed succcstve swarms in the old, the prc» 

 geny will inevitably deteriorate in size. We should like to hear the opinions of those who have long used 

 the Vermont and similar hives, on this subject. But to the work: — 



When the bee is left to itself to seek a homo in the 



woods, it pitclies i;,)on a hoilow tree or a crevice in 

 me clilfj!, and commences at ihe extreme to]!, theie 

 forming its first comb. As the cells .11 e formed, the 

 Queen'jluther deposits her eggs in tkem, rcgidaily 

 using the now ones for this purpose, and that only 

 once; she rarely places an egg in the same cell a 

 second time, so long as there is epcco for the forma- 

 tion of new ones. So soon as the young bee leaves 

 the cell, the workers clean it out, removing every- 

 thing but lh« rymphal robe, or white covering with- 

 in which the larv.T3 underwent its iransfonna'.ion, 

 which is pressed down to the boitoin and coverd over 

 with a thin coat of wax. This, of coiirte, diminishes 

 the size of the cell, which is then used l..r ihe reccp- 

 lion of honey; while the succession of eggs, as be- 

 firc remarked, the Queen's instim/t tenches her to 1 'J 

 deposile in the newly formed, full sized cells. So 

 long as their supply of l.iod is abuiidr.nt, and suOici- 

 ent'space is allowed them below, they go on increas- 

 ing: but to what cxicnt has not yet been determined. 

 Itleems probable that there must be a limit to tho 

 procrcative powers of the Queen; and as no two 

 queens can exist, in a state of frc."rioni, in the same 

 liive, all plnns which are intended to ptcvent ihcir 

 following their natural mode of increase— by swarm- 



engnged in the lower part of the bellow or crevice, 

 and do not even perceive the theft; nor do they suf. 

 lor by being deprived of those iij'per combs, whiefi 

 have become eupeiflnous, by the new stock of pro'.i 

 sione, t\*hieh they go on. instinctively accumulating, 

 in their uninterrupted descending opsrations. Here 

 the whole secret of nature is laid open — liow to rob 

 them without doing them the least injury!" 



Tho-e who have adopted the plan of adding an 

 empty box on the lop of the permanent hive, thiul<. 

 they hare made the same discovery, and that they are 

 I acting up to it. But tlicy overlook, in ibeir method 

 several nioet imjiortart facts — that i; conipcls the bec« 

 to breed, year r.fter year, in the same box: and of 

 course they must use the same cells for the repeated 

 liRtcliings, which thus become continually diminished 

 in siz', by Ibe addition (f two or three nympbal robes 

 in a sor.sen; i:ntil the dilicrence between the beea 

 from such a hive and from a thriving young one, is 

 apparent to the most careless observer. Then, whei» 

 so managed, they !)reed but little; the swartns "cca 

 sionally thrown ofi'are weak and inellicient, ondriro 

 ly exist through the first winter unassisted. "■ * 



By a carclul compariton of the young bees from an 

 old liive, the cells i:i which have become much dimin- 

 ished ill size, with those from fresh hive, the dif- 



ing— must end in lailurc. ^ ,_,..,_., ... ^ ^^.j,^ 1 ference in their size and thrifty appearance will bo at 



They Ihus go on, as is their habit both in n ., ,... . perceived. New honev,'or that wbicli has been 



and domesticated state, woiking always downward, | o"=fJ',^;f^;;_^'_|- J^^^^ \^^';JX WM, .vl.ii.r nn,l borer 

 their winter's store of honey at the top of the 



eaviu_ 



nive, and congrc: 



aling with their Queen, round those 

 cells' which contain their eggs and Inriffi. 



It v.'as his observation of this fact, that such was 

 their invariable practice, that ledthe French writer, 

 to whom 1 am indebted for the first idea of the sub- 

 tended hive, and who originated the two-storied hive, 

 to adopt the plan of aidiiig his boxes below, and al. 

 lowing the bees to follow their natural cour.se. In 

 it is evident, if wc.in- 



made the same season, though both whiter and tuirer 

 I to the eye, is neither so tine flavored nor so whole- 

 I some as that which has undergi^ne. as it were, a tern- 

 \ pcrin s in the hive. In a good, thrifty hive, there ii 

 I just that degree of heat kept up, that is necessary to 

 prevent the honey becoming candied in ibe celU — if 

 once allowed to got into that state, age does not im- 

 prove nor afiijct. 



If the farmers of the west will think efthcse things, 

 and bestow a few ol the many hours which they 11 .ht 



le'nd'wrob bees',''"hu's'lodyecl in a 'h.oliow'tice'or cleft '< tbrow'iway'in idleness, on 'the ..arc of a lew slan-'s 

 .a rock, without injuriuS them, we must attack the j of becs-acquirc a knowledge of their na u,-e an. Ir- 

 tore at tho top. There the combs are easily remoy- bits, and apply that """"■'.^^K'^J'',''';-'"" '> ' '•' '■''! 



"d b-caae tile bees hive Itft them, and are bu-:ily | management of tbem-sowiug cnia.l pauUcs of m.cU 



