158 



THE NEW GENESEE FARMER, 



OL. 



.\o. 



Ckcmicali or Prepared Manures. 



It is somelimes asked, nnd thai loo in a way indi- 

 cating a belief that the queslinn cannot be oatialoc- 

 torily answered, what are the advantnges tbat science 

 bai conferred on Agricultnre? more tbnn inlinialMiy 

 that kniwled^'e, bo essential to all other purtuits, ir- 

 of no value to the former. Ilia asnfiicit-nt reply lo 

 all this, ti Bijnply point to the articlea named ut the 

 head of thia pajior; chemical, or prepared nianurcB- 

 For the present we Bhnll confinu ourselves to a single 

 class, those derived from urine and night soil, or ol 

 wh:cli thene famish the most important part. 



It may be said that the iifce of night soil bns been 

 known from the earliest ages as a manure. This is 

 true, but its use has always been limited, owing to 

 prejudices arii-ing from its disagreeable nature, and 

 its offensive odjr. T^e celebrated Swedish chemist. 

 Berzelius, was among the iiret to eail the attention o( 

 moderns to these substances by bis analysis of them, 

 which gave the following results: 



Kighl Soil, 100 t>arl3. Urine, 1000 parts. 



■\Va;er 73.n Water 935 00 



A'egrra'-Ie iii.ilter unU ;l'rca, 30.10 



aiiiinnl remain:?, .... 7.0 tfuli'hnte of potash, ... 3.71 



Bile 0.9 .-ul|,h.ite of smln 3.18 



Al luuien, O.U Phospliate of soju. . . . « 04 



Fe.-tiliiir :ind exlrac- Miiriiileof uoda (cum. 



tive matter 2.0 >.ilt.) 4.45 



SaltB 1 - Phospluitc of amino- 



Injuluijle residue, 14.7 ni;i, 



Muriate of itiimioiila, . 

 Ace::ite of alnliioiii:i, ) 

 Anliiifil manors. J 

 EiLrttiy pliospliutes & \ 

 Finale of lime, 5 

 Silica atiil mucus 



1.05 



1 511 



1.00 

 0>5 



The intelligent farmer will see at a glance that the 

 matters enumerated in these tables consliiute iTiOst 

 effijiCnt fertdiZr-rs, and in spite of their repulsive na- 

 ture, the Flemish farmers have long been in the ha. 

 bit of mixing these etercjraceous matters wiih water, 

 which, applied with much labor lo their fields, gave a 

 fertility uiikn iwn to the rest of Europe Some 28 

 years since, Divv suggested to his countrvmcn, the 

 English, tbat night sod was a very powerlul manure, 

 liable to decompose, 5 iluhle in water, and in whatev- 

 er state it ia ascd, furnishes abundant food for plants. 

 He fninJ, by e-xperiment, that quick lime de-troyed 

 the di agreeable smell, and ascertained that it might 

 be dried, pulve.-iz 'd, and delivered by dnila at the 

 time of sowing the seed. The manufacture from 

 night soil of the valuable manure called -poudrttie, 

 belongs to the French. Nearly 40 years since, a 

 chemist, M. Bridet, obtained a paper for \i\epoiidre 

 regetalice, manufactured from the cesspools ol Pans; 

 and such win bis success that simlar manufactories 

 were erected all over the country, particularly in the 

 vicinity of the large cities, so that what was once a 

 nuisance, is n iw deemed of the grca'.e'St value. 



In 1814, the Frentih Riyal Society ot Agricnituie 

 granted a gold medal to Madame Vibcrt Duboul, who 

 obtained a patent fir |.i years for her " Alkaline Ve- 

 gi.'t'itive powder." Her plar, consisted in fermenting 

 the m.>3t li.)uid parts of those mailers, and mi.\iiig 

 thein with silked lime aficrwards so as lo form a 

 powder m-ich superior and more durable in itfl elTects 

 to common poudret;e. 



In 1818. t e tiist manufnctory of " Urate" pro- 

 perly so called, was c.immcnced near Paris, by the 

 choinists Diuni «t Co., and the product was submit- 

 ted lo the cxaniin ition and test of a committee ol 

 chemists and agriculiiiri.sts, in which wi/re included 

 BJme of the ablest men of Franco. This committee re 

 ported that llu^y bad liiuiid the preparation s i powerful 

 on the dulleet soils, th it they recommended it ohould on 

 Iv be employed by skilful and d.scriminating farmers. 

 On good suU, or in large quaniitiee, it gave such a 

 growth of straw as to be fatal to the matuiity of thi- 

 gr-iiii. Tile whole matter collected liom the ccss- 

 po.ils iif P.iris, is now eonvertiid inio pinidrette and 

 urate, an 1 is u-ed by the farmers and gnrdcuers, 

 principally Wiihin a circuit of 30 miles around Pnris. 

 A new preparation called " engra'is animuiizt'," or 

 tlieinfected night sod, has recently been entered upon 

 at Pans, and a arge manufactory has also been es- 

 tablished at White Chapel, near London. It is made 

 by mixing the night soil with a consider ble quantity 

 ofliuely pulverized charcoal and then diying tlit 

 mass at a very gentle hem. Thus prepared it lorein- 

 hles the friable mold, rich and dark, of an old hot 

 bed, and is totally deviod of smell. The Englisli 

 farmers, if we may judge from th(.ir tcpona and jour, 

 nals, are highly pleased with this manure, particular- 

 ly as a dressing for tiirneps, giving tlu-in a quick 

 growth at the start, which is of great importance with 

 this -oot. There is another preparation culled -'O^v. 

 en's Animnlizod Cnrhtm " principally brought inti. 

 England from tbc Baltic, 0B« no of which i^ coii^d- 



ered equal to 115 bushels of cruahed bones, while the 

 cOst io but little more than hall as much. It proba- 

 bly differs little from the tngrais aniinalize, except 

 ihMi it contains more carbon, and, of course, is a ieaj 

 powerful manuie. 



Tucre is a chemical preparation called " Seed 

 Manure," prepared by Messrs. Hodgr^nn ai d Simp- 

 »on, oi Waketield, England, the coinposition ol which 

 IS a eecrtl, but the baoe of it if, doubtless, urate, mix- 

 ed with a portion of" saccharine matter, ammonia, 

 salt, and nitre. Their dTeciions are as follows, and 

 by lollowing them Mr. iSlilburn and others have ex- 

 perienced the best cfiects on their crops. 



" U.ssolve '28 lbs. of this manure in a pail' by ad- 

 ding water in small quaniiiies stirring It at the same 

 lirne, until the mixture is of the consistence of creom; 

 it IS then poured over the seed intended to be sown on 

 an acre of land, and the whole repeatedly turned over, 

 so that It appeals one uniform mixtuie; the seed is 

 then lo be spread out thin, on the floor lo dry, lor ten 

 or twelve hou.-s, and mixed with a siiflicienl quantity 

 of eoot or any kind of ashes, to render it sufficiently 

 friable or dry to be sown by the hand or by the drill." 



Prof. Johnson in his valuable papers on manure, 

 has the following remarks on these chemical prepara- 

 tions of night soil, purticulaily the carbonized cluts, 

 which, when properly made, he seeiiis to consider 

 preferable lo any other of its mixtures. 



'• Tue preparation of the Mets'S. Polievin of the 

 engrais aiiimalizc at London, is the same as that oi M. 

 Payen at Puns. It combines, and siiccesofully loo, 

 the great object of driving off the water of nightsoil 

 by a gtntle heal, aft'-r all its gaseous malti rs hare 

 been ubiorbed, by mixing it with a portion of newly 

 prepared earlioii, in ihc tincsl poasible state of divi- 

 sion, than which, no known substance has bUch great 

 powers ol absorption of all gaseour mntlere like tuose 

 which abound in, and impart the ditagiceable odor of 

 night soil. The presence oi' the carbon in the ma- 

 nure thus prepared, is valuable in two woys; it grad- 

 ually combines with ihe oxygen of the otmosphere, 

 forming in the etate of carbonic gas, the food of plan's; 

 and at the same time, all the gaseous matters ol putre- 

 faction, with which it is saturated, are thus preserved, 

 siored up, as it were, for the use of the ro ts of lUt 

 cultivator's crops: nothing is Uist, the emission ol the 

 gases from the slowly diSEOlving charcoal, being so 

 gradual, as lo be almost^ if not entirely, impercepti- 

 ble to the senses." 



The J ustly famous preparation, called cs above 

 " Urate," may be very eucceosfiilly imitated by the 

 common farmer who will take the pains to provide a 

 reservoir or CiStern lor the pieservolion ot urine, with 

 wLiicli, when wanted for distribution with his seed, 

 he must mix gyptum or plaster till the urine is ab- 

 sorbed, and the ma^s sulliciendy dry lO sow with the 

 drill or by hand. This is one of the most powerful 

 prepar.ilions on dry or sandy soils llmt can well be 

 imagined, and is one of which every farmer may 

 avail himself to a greater or less degree. 



Tliere aie at the present Jinie, two manufactories of 

 poudrctlc and urnle in the vicinity of Mew Vork; and 

 there IS most ahundaul proof that it coustitulis here as 

 elsewhere the most valuable class ol manures. That 

 such manufactories will become common in the neigb 

 borhood of our principal cities and towns, where alone 

 the materials are lo be found, as the value ol such 

 manures, both tor the efficiency and portability are 

 better undeietood, we have no doubt. Their use is 

 rapidly converting the vicinity of the principal Euro- 

 jean cities iiiln a garden, and the use of these male- 

 rials ^hichhave constituted the greatest nuisances 

 ■■ind were most productive of diseases, inlo mantiree, 

 will not have a better effect on the soil, than on the 

 lienlih of tho-'e congregated masses of human beings. 

 Alb. Cultivator. 



Tomato Figs. 



Patent Office. July 10, 1841. 



Dkar Sir — The medicinal qualities of tomatoes 

 nave greatly increased their cultivation, and every 

 new preparation vf the article is deserving considers- 

 ion. A sample ol "lomnto figs" has just been de. 

 .Mailed at the Patent Office, of a superior quality. — 

 From the taste I should suppose all the good qualities 

 >f the fruit ore retained. In appearance, the drum 

 if tomatoes resembles one of tigs so neaily, that they 

 might e.'isily be mistaken for the same. 



'I'he sample is deposited by Mrs. Sleigcr of this 

 :ity, and the recipe transmitted with it is enclosed for 

 lubiicaiion. It is deeply to be regretted that since the 

 leri'idicals of the day are open to communications, 

 iiat so many valuable inproveinonls are lest lo the 

 world, barely for ihe want of puWicity, Oibors may 



have dried the tomatoes with a recipe, however W''' 

 successful. (i^^',"' 



Very respectfully, H. L. Ellsworth. HI' '" 



Hon. J. ^•. ^liinncr. j I*' 



Rkcipe. — Take six po'tnds of sugar lo one peclf*' 

 (or 16 lbs.) of fruit. Scald and remove the ekini|*';'| 

 the fruit in the u ual way. Cook them over a fir'i'''ui 

 their own juice being sufficient without the additiol ![',' 

 of water, until the sugar penetrates and they ai ■ 

 clarilled. They are then taken out, spread on dish* 

 tialtened ond dried in the sun. A small quantityij- 

 tne pyiup should be occasionally sprinkled over theilj*" 

 whilst drying ; afttr which, pack them down in boxej*'' 

 treaiing each layer with powdered sugar. The syrojC' 

 Is afterwards concentrated and bottled for uae.-l'^' 

 They keep well from vear loyear, and retain snrpri]*r 

 ingly their flavor, which is nearly thatof iliebef.1 qual'l 

 iiy of fresh iiga- The pear-shaped or single tomaHMl ^" 

 answer the purpose best. Ordinary brown sugar mi 

 be used, a large portion of which is retained in ik 

 syrup. — American FuTintr. 



For the yeu Geteiee F«n 

 TRUE GLORY. 



BY UrwITT r. ROBKRTS. 



Man seeks content on every shore — 

 Where deserts spread — where oceana roar I 

 What recks he danger, toil or blood. 

 By famine, sliipwreck, field, or flood ? 

 What boots it where Ills footsteps roam. 

 If be seek not the prize at Home.' 



Deluded man I vain di earner ! ccaee '. 

 Say.' what can set the mind at ease ! 

 Can gold-dust scraped from Afric's sands.-* 

 Can diamonds wrought by servile hand« — 

 Can rnpine, war, or murder yield 

 Aught, save to Fame— a battle field J 



Back lo thy honest toils again! 



Go! speed the plough and till the plain. 



Thy bristling grain, in thick rows set, 



Shiill rival e'en the bayoiie: — 



Thy maize, arrayed along the land. 



Shall image many an armed band — 



Thy gold, the yellow maize shall he ; 

 Thy gems, the dews ihat deck the lea; 

 Such be thy glory— such thy wealth ; 

 Thy rich reward, content and health — 

 Nor prouder spoils e'er won the bay. 

 Or dcck'd a Rjiu.in triumph day ! 

 JWjraSt/i, 1911 



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Anti^Corn Law Agitatiou in England* 



Papers by the Britannia bring us the accounls oft 

 opening or first days' session of the great Anli-Co 

 Law Conference of Ministers, at M.inchcster, on ll 

 17th of August. More than 6.')0 Ministers bad a 

 nouuced their intention lo be present The people 

 iMunchesier vied with each other in hospitable nrrang|| i 

 menls to enterlnin the reverend gentlemen. TI 

 Conference assembled in the Tower Hall, ihe bench 

 of which were completely tilled. The Rev. Dr. A 

 Kin was called to the chair. 



In his opening address bespoke of the present m« 

 ing as witbont a parallel among the counci's and «y 

 ods recoided in ecclesinslicnl hictory. Ministers 

 Christ from all parts of the Empire, not in hostilea 

 ray. sect against sect, and party against party, with 

 the narrow linesof sectarian dcniarcalion, but occiip 

 ed with an object greater than that which could hard l(j 

 engage the minds of the most eminent Christians.- I \ 

 They bad met at the call of sulfering humanity, whit ||f 

 reached their ears, not from a foreign land, but fro ' , 

 the green valleys nnd populous streets of their own b 

 loved laud. At the nulsei, however, they were ni 

 by the question, *' What have Ciiristinn men, ond 

 hove all. Christian ministers, to do with temporal po 

 itics?" But when they became the denizens of ant 

 ilier kingdom, were they lo abandon the duties of ihw!' 

 It was not necessary, when tbcv became Chrislisnilll 

 that they should ceaie to be men. For bis own por 

 he would hnve considered himself a traitor both to li 

 ligion ond humanity, had he refused to obey thesuui).; 

 mons to attend the meeting. n. 



What was the present siluntion of the empire!- j | 

 Here was country great in arts and arms— the schoi jjj 

 offcienceand literature — the marl of literaturo—lb v 

 cradle of luxury — the emporium of the morul world- 

 occupying the .'lighcsl position amongst surroundin 

 nations, and shedding its light over Ihe most distill 

 lands. Yet this country, possessing within itself, ii 

 exhttiatible reA>iirc<e8, whilst it was tbc rivhost in d i> 



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