No. II, 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



171 



wish every one oi mir tweulv ihoiit-aniJ remleia woulii 

 rend It, niui we bclicvt n tne who do so will itgiLl llic 

 bpucu ur time it uccnp ei. 



Ruclic^tf:rj Mojuhnj jjivrningy Oct. JS. 

 E. D Smith, Esq. — D.;ar is>r : Tac unJeraigned 

 by a rcsoluti'-iu of ilic S.)c!. ty, were nppoiii'cd n cotii- 

 niiiieo to request a co| y o( your nddreea, delivered be- 

 Jore the A.i^rieultaral S tciely on Ssiiurdoy, tor piilili- 

 catiou, in obedience to vvhicli we now rcspcctridiy 

 request the lav.>r uf a copy ihereot" for the pnrpute 

 aforesaid. L. BROOKS. 



M H liATEIIAM. 

 HE.NRY M. W.^KD, 

 Co/umiUcc. 



llorhc-itAr, Oct. ]9, I.«U. 

 Me-sri Lk\vi> Brooks, M. JJ. B.vtkham, nnd ItIkn- 

 RV M. \Vaki.~ 



Gjnis — I have received your polite note requestiiiiz 

 n cnpy i>f my nddresa for publication. The requeei 

 im,)lie8 a coinpiunent to the nddress which I f ur tin 

 public wdl deem uiule.-erved. Tue address wn3 has 

 lily pfi!] ared, upnn n bhori notice and in the nudel oi 

 prcjjiuj* profesi^ional en^ageoients, and 1 should gnat- 

 ]y prefer not to have it public^hed ; but upon reflection 

 I have cinelidcd liiilif it is supposjd the addies^ wiii 

 in uny d^'gree proi'ioie the in-eresis uf ai^riuulturr, 1 

 nni hardly at liberty t*^ withhold it. 1 be^ leave to 

 eay however, what id well knowii, geutlemcji, to you, 

 but niny n ii be to all wiio may read the address, t ai 

 the 0, in:ona tx,ire.-Bud in it have thid con- 

 iirinaiiun n my practice: that I ie:noved fro.i this 

 city a '!iie iwo or three years aijo, on to a farm in an 

 adj lining t-jwn w.iere I now acLuaMy reside iiud culi.- 

 vutc sucU lurni. 



I am yjurs&c , 



E DARWIN SMITH. 



A I> 5> l£ JD S S 



Di'-ircTcd h fore fJtc Munroe Co. Agricultural Sockf-Jj, 

 Bv E. DvKwiN SsiiTU, Es(i 



Mr President, and U^n.leinea oi thoS.icieiyt — T\u' 

 firti'. aiatiuut of mfiii i8 to piuv.de lor iiiti ciuO.-iLtcncc. 

 T Hi ti>6. ed >rt o; h s leason will bu lo dcLcrm:ne iun\ 

 luis can i«s'£ oe done. Ii man wt-re iike liie Leiott 

 wiwc.i pe' itf.!, and bad n) big.ier purpose — d boticHeU 

 AvitU'H durJijient provision (or hid animal wnnls— lie 

 li:id no ungnliiiud vv.eiies — ni Jollier aspirutiond, tbf 

 iK'c 8=5i.it-S of bia iifilaic w.juld rtqiiire o! hiin but 

 B 11 i 1 ,i-iya cil eXeruon, and liie charucter of b'S em- 

 ploy tie. It would be a matter ol much indijfcrnncr.. — 

 ii it sajla Bint trjui; h; " feold Wit U;ii Ui.nsell an 

 o.u^r^v d v.:i-j .'' ne -a co.iajious ihit h.a exioteiice 

 h' r ; bi' a high'ir rti;/i— i*; \s filed with hingiutrg for n 

 be'ter ala a,^ — ju bo.ieVed liiere is m tesuive for him a 

 li >b" -r (itt-t ny, 



Wun. thert'fo'e, ifiin looks ar nind hiai to carry 

 out V^'-' pnmarif i7isfinci of his nutuie, ai n r-stioiial 

 being !)0--.-edded of an iinmortiil epuii, ue n luialU 

 sjeks fir 3Ujii einpt'iyment as will bc^t enable hiMi to 

 provide lor his jjiiydicul w.iiu-, and ai luc ^nll.e tune 

 be tno^it CMiducjve to bit 'lappiness heie, Hud lno^;l 

 subservient 1 1 i :e great n d of bis bciug. Me iindc 

 i \ lUe si-nple doom of l*iMVi lence — •' by the owcat ot 

 tiiy. fjce ahnic tuou eat brtaJ" — :h it he must dig htr- 

 sn^jjis.i-iice f ooi th^^earih. F-'r the uio^i of aiaukinil 

 tbere is n ) otiier alieriiiiive. Tug inquiry ibc i nat- 

 urally ariSL'>, U the employment of the agriculuiriS". 

 h.?5t .'idapie I l> prrtmit* the true intcn*fit and bni'pi- 

 ne 3 of niM ? The affirm itive of thi.^ inierroga.o y, 

 it ii my p V ose 1 1 itlustri'.f. A.'l ihecni >\-m."i > of 

 m ■rd ssnsc cei.tre in i^ood kcaiOi, To a diseased or 

 wiclily ir;!i:ir, Wiitu !;iX u> nU>jrec^:;d to in- ijaiu*,*.-; cnii 

 mini^'.C" ffr'ailicaliou ? To a pale, enn-.-ini'/d, hoail 

 etrieken hd ng, what ia there in the mugniisceucc of a 

 pnlu-e, in ;i e pride ard pomp of wealth, in toe grncot 



He may be witbuui some of what the wealthy ano 

 elitimnaie of ibe cities cad luxiirhts ; but be has a 

 Simpler lasio and ft wcr arlituial wnius. The weal- 

 thy iuhiibitaiit of the ciiy may live in splendor, sur- 

 rounded by hie retinue oi ecrvnnie. — the laimer, like 

 ihe pRtnurchs ot old, lives in Bimplicily, a tervant 

 unto hmiseif. 



A luxuriitus dinnc may t'elain the gentleman of the 

 city two or ibieo bours at the iiibic. Mirc frugal ul 

 h(8 time, and moio rntionnl in bin taste, a simpler 

 meal eniiBtieg the taimcr. The citizen may sip hib 

 wine after dinner, and d Bsipate his even.niiy at the 

 theatre, or otUer phiccs ol amusement. The pvue eoli' 

 water of the bubidrn.: fpiiug is tin* Iiixunoub drink of 

 the farmer, and hie evening amueeincut le gathered 

 in the bosom of bis family, impariihi; tnsfrucliim to 

 hi8 cbihirtn, and receiviog hfippinets in return from 

 their duiiful attention, fiom the inter. ■sllu^j develop- 

 menis of litcir budding iniclleets, and from ihe many 

 leetimoniala of giuiuude and atftctitn which then 

 ?ni!|)!e, pure, waim young heart- prompt tbem to 

 exbibit. 



So tnr then, as good health and mere animal en 

 jiiijincttts aic conceiiied, the cullivntors ol tbchOil hiive 

 i^iiMUly the advantnjie over any other c!aes id' mun. 



Bat it IS not ehictly in th ^e respects that I claim 

 superior adapicdncfs in ibe einploymeiil of lue agr- 

 culturiet lo promete the true happiness of num. 



The ^reaier-t t^ouice of happiiices among uitn is fai 

 ahov*: the mere gTM/;^(:«/('o«i' <^/* AVH.<c : it lies in ibe 

 'cultivation and lievel jpmenl ol iheii mental and mur 

 'tl pnwers. 



So inr a^ mctitd /lOtcet: is concenieJ, it is a well 

 settled truth, ttiat tbe incrfased phyaicul t'.renylii 

 which ma.iuril lab ir (Mntuie, impaitd aUo addiiifiuil 

 vigor to the aiind. Heiice tiie capacity k'r ineiUal 

 improvenu-ntt xicte^ in a higher degree wuh iho. e who 

 lab r tban with th-tcc who do nv>t. But ii nmy In 

 -aid tuai the agncuUuri>ts have not the s.'ime time to 

 devote 10 the ciiU.vntion ol their menial poo.LMS a* 

 some oilier cln^^scs of men. Th.ois not necccst.niy d", 

 'O lar as pi iniary educnii'Ut is concern il, Tbcre is no 

 reason why tbe larniers children in tins country should 

 not be as well eiiiicnted us those ol any uiher chis^, 

 iiiul so iar as mere ciHinuun s -l-.^ol education is eon- 

 eerned, tbey geneially are. Wlien tbe tanner lius a 

 lt )od education at h s :>ct!ing oat in life, be wdl nat- 

 urally hj consiaiitiv add.ng lo hi-j store ol knowledge, 

 iiy reidiiig and icflection. ]t i» doujiless true, thai a 

 fnrmer \vh se neee.-8;iies rKjmre him to he e.i.nsiantli i 

 empioyed, cannot iiiako tiie biime advances in the s;:.- 

 ences. as the man of wealih and leiame Neither is 

 It essential to his happiness ibat be should do 60. In 

 ihe p:eacni etatiMif civi'ized soeieiy iheie mus. he a 

 diversity of pursnitb — the exigencies of society require 

 it. 



It is not beet or fil that every man e-Lould attempt 

 to be his own physician, la.vye", ini'or, ci'bbier, and 

 ■he like. Grtaier eKeellence isflUained m th**- vaiioub 

 deporimen's by ibe^-e divi-ions, and conimunity in oi 

 couisc niucli better served. 



Now I Ui-k not for the farmer thnt he should ^i-<e 

 eialiy excel in nnv departioenl hut /ii.< onn ; it n nnt 

 io be especuvl; hut I do nak that he have a fair sintl 

 at tbe beginning — that he be as well educated ai adidi 

 a^e as the rest of tbe community ; then i say that bis 

 inplnymeni is most faviooble tJ mental improve- 

 ment. 



The farmpr tead^ n qu'et and peaceful life. He hap 

 more lime f >r read.nu and reflection than the mer 

 bant, the mechaaie, or any class ot bu-;ine=s men. 

 except such reading as necessarily fdls in ibc wny oi 

 the profecsional man. The merchant, tht^ arlizan, or 

 oiber businesi man of the city is in a constant whiilot 

 activity and excitement. His store or his work-thop, 

 uis ledger, hii notes at ihe B'uik. the protests be re- 

 ceives or fenrs, the foil or rise of stocke, the ibicina' 

 t'ons ot trade, tiie coniijeiition.'s, and slrlles, and bus- 

 de of business, the thirst ami the plans for gieai gain, 

 and the appivdirnsions of sudden loss from the bank- 

 ruptcy or fraud of oiiiers, occupv. unsettle, niid fi'ticr 

 awiy his mind. TiiJs clas? tf men read much L-^s 

 ibnn the ianners ot the country. They uiriy take iheir 

 two or three doiiy newspapers and other penodrcals ; 



of be'iu.y. t at cm eonterany thing 'More than a pain- ; tl'.cy glance hastily over their contents and then liiiow 



ful and irni stent emotion of ple:istire. Where, then 

 do we rind giod health — the ehietest blessing in ex- 

 ia'enee — ;o so i;rcat a degree os among ihe euU.vat")!"^ 

 of tbe 8 >il I Tue loboriui^ man knows noihiug of the 

 dv8JPP-^y» the gout, and the numeious other ailments 

 that alfl et the sedi^ntary and the imciivc. 



L ib >niii^ in ilia open alrsirengthena and invigorates 

 his e >nsiiiutKMl, gives a kecier relish to his f)od, and 

 a s'.veetii ss to bis sleep, it sriy uuA.iio*)vn lo the iuA* 

 urione idler. 



tbeiu nsidc, no more lo think of ihem. \\o\ dilFer 

 ■lU is the case with the farmer. He takes his wof^kly 

 or semi-werdily paper tor general intelligHnce. and 

 his agricultural onpnr, and perhaps others. He icads 

 them carefully at morning, noon, and evening, and 

 p''ndcis well their contents. Besides tiny, be has 

 much time for historical, scientific, and miscellaneous 

 reading. As be follows hi* pl.'Ugh, aa he hoes hie 

 corn, or miiks bis cow, his mmdis biisij with what he 

 is readim:. 



But if the luimer reads less than ilie busihCbs man 

 ol the City, it IS not those that rcjid ihc mosty tiiat kuoio 

 the most, bui those Ibat trfcrt the most. 



Who ever, among proftsrional or liu-rary men, has 

 bad ocens;on to mingle with ihe larmeis ol this emm- 

 try, at least ni Wesiern New Yoik. and spend a ni^ht 

 u«'W and then al a fanner's bi>u.-e. comiut fad to buvo 

 bicn delighted, perhaps turiuited. nt the extent and 

 variety ot itie faimei'a intoiiiMilion, at the btiongih 

 and Vigor of his thongbtc, at the nciilei.eeS and tnrco 

 ot bis undei>tandinL'. Sucii has been ihe speaker's 

 experience on more than one occatuin, and he is pioud 

 10 pay ihis iribnte of respect wbeic he thinks ic is bo 

 justly due. 



But if the farmer equals, if not piirpagBcs, most oiher* 

 clapset of nnui in imelligcnce, he fads nni beliind any 

 in viiiiie. His employment is i-eeuliaily lavornble lo 

 piety. ''For him ibe Fpnng di.-ids itb dews." He 

 notes each dechnnig sun — be maiks each Ii^illg cloud. 

 When he tcntitis bis t-eed he | uts bis trust in I'jovi- 

 dence for its germination. He wuichee it as it S) ling- 

 eth up, knowing ihai bib puny aim cannot make even 

 a bhide of grass to gmw. It the ear'h is diy and 

 }.arehed, be looks to ilim who haih sei Irs bow in the 

 cloud, and haih promised the early and ihfc hiier rain. 

 More ibon to other men each day's labor buggcsts to 

 the farmer his ilependeiice upon a Siipien;e Beijiii. — 

 To moit other classes nfuitn it matterb not, wiieibei* 

 ;he sun shines, or the tempett lowcrr, or the rain Oe- 

 hceiids in tor;ents, their daily avoentuois are the same. 

 N"t feo with the larmer. 



Like tbe mariner toteed upon the billows of the 

 tr-ubled ocean, be is conf^tuntly at the mnjcy ot ihe 

 lb mdUiS. llis fields o( giiiin, one uiipropiti- i:f show - 

 i-r, loie Btorn of bail. *aie um.nielv iioet, inay dcatioy. 

 Wnen, then, autumn comes, and " uiiges cveiy lu- 

 tde branch wiib blooming gold,*' end lie gaihejo in 

 the corn fui.'y ripe, mn;--t nut his bcirt t.veiliow wiib 

 liialitude :o H.m **\\boridc:a upon tbe whiilw.nii i.nd 

 .iireciB thesUnni" ? 



Tne tanner mus". hL- a good citizen. He s to.i Imsy 

 lo be vicious: hi; has lo tune for pIoLlmg m.schitf 

 an i wrong : he is removed from the tempiat-on» to 

 crime ; he is the centre id' a sonal. inoial ndiuence ; 

 hs every action i^- known to bis lamily Mid ij.cmls : 

 iiis ainbition wi'l Icid bim to Ite usehil ; bis p()siiIon 

 inakes him im^ept nd'. lit, hi^h mndtd. and potnoiic. 

 Tue oecupatmn ot the ag: iculiurii-t ;s siq poted bv 

 ■ onmy to be unfavorable to tbe cidiivauon ol laste and 

 iretiiument of manneis. Th;S is not so in any ji;tt 

 and legiimate sen.-e. If nitinti>n to i-ie iuppfjy ^f 

 d.e-s and lln- fiivolities ot fatbioi. — *if eacrdcing 

 si.b>tuiicc to shutc^ and Enheiitii'..iig tlie ariit:eial tor 

 tbe naiurai" — if a pn&sion lor vain and irivolims a- 

 niusenjent*^, it a coniempt tor alt indu. irious employ- 

 iiitfut, if a paluy atfeclai on of titVi-.^iVtjn.vsai.d caste, 

 it a tosie for iriti ng and eti!6eU>s con\el^Htlon. and 

 nn exclu--;ve re;:aril lo ibe necideniai CMcuivbtcnces ol 

 hUth-, or ivi-ai'h, or position^ co:i;!:inic snperu-r le- 

 hnemeul ol maniieis »r ot mind, tiicn I coiitess the 

 t'aimer, and tbe tarmer's sons, and t e farmer's dongo 

 iert', are tlestameof tarte and rtHnenunt. 



But \i good sense, elevation ol ihougl.t, respect for 

 mental and nun at word), and a c pid-.ili.y of diMiin- 

 lus: It- i' a 8en^il)iliiy lo all the l.eaniics ot nature and 

 cif an, if an admita'.iun ot w. at is grand and sublin e 

 in tne works of ihe Creator, or magiiibcent. or great, 

 or noble in the wniks ol genius, cr in the develop- 

 ments of mind, eonsiiuue or indicate good toste and 

 rebneoient, ihete belong to the cnl[!\atnrs of ihe ti'd : 

 and one well educated larmer'e Icmily po&sesees more 

 genuine good la^tc, refinement, and pelite' ere, than 

 till ibe gentlemen and ladits winch ihe Parisian lad- 

 oisend milliners l:ave ever made. 

 if die views I have prcccniedarcjiisiar.d eoorrtet how 

 intrinsically res]e.c;nl)le is the emiii^>n;ent of ii;e 

 larmer ! — and yet it is qu.t ; <>bvioiis ihat these \ icws 

 are not generally entertoiiied or practieal.)' legi-idi li — 

 and why is it fo ? Ceilainly the tiraie&t depaiiriicni 

 of human industry — ihai wbjch Providtute has allot- 

 ted for the most of mankind ouLht not lo be diB ■ 

 ctleem d. That il i? to any extent diecsiecmetl and 

 undervalued islbeutuit ot opimors ond pjejud ees 

 ibat ought long since to ba\e been cxplooed. It in 

 one oi the errors ibot have ceme down n* iis from a 

 feudal age — ond moi.arehieal governmenis — ihai lo Ic- 

 biir 18 not respectable. Becaiifcc. in the countres o| ;bft 

 old world the farmer is o ttnuni or o serf — tiibjeci to 

 ibe capriciousncis of son e arrogani nobleman — the 

 opinion seems to be enteria.ned by many who af1>ct 

 to give u tone to society in ibis country, that to lau r 

 wiib tbe bands is disreputable ^-r nl.en to true geniil- 



iiy- 



Ilence, the age is cbnrac'.erized by a general eimg- 

 ule in escape from lahtr — the noiivms of the age >eem 

 practically to regard iUUmss as the only Biote ot hap- 



